List of Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary (part 6)

Hetæra, he-tē′ra, Hetaira, he-tī′ra, n. in Greece, a woman employed in public or private entertainment, as flute-playing, dancing, &c.: a paramour or courtesan.—ns. Hetæ′rism, Hetairism (-tī′), concubinage, open commerce between the sexes; Hetæroc′racy, the rule of courtesans.—n. Hetai′rist, one who practises hetærism.—adj. Hetairist′ic. [Gr. hetaira, fem. of hetairos, a companion.]

Heterarchy, het′e-rär-ki, n. foreign rule.

Heterauxesis, het-e-rawk-sē′sis, n. (bot.) irregular or unsymmetrical growth.

Heteroblastic, het-er-o-blas′tik, adj. derived from different cells:—opposed to Homoblastic. [Gr. heteros, other, blastos, bud, germ.]

Heterocarpous, het-e-ro-kar′pus, adj. (bot.) bearing fruit of two sorts.

Heterocercal, het-er-o-sėr′kal, adj. having the upper fork of the tail different from or longer than the lower, as the shark:—opposed to Homocercal.—n. Het′erocercy. [Gr. heteros, different from, kerkos, the tail.]

Heterochromous, het-e-ro-krō′mus, adj. (bot.) having different members unlike in colour.

Heterochrony, het-e-rok′ro-ni, n. (biol.) a divergence in ontogenetic sequence affecting the time of formation of parts or organs—also Heterochrō′nia.—adj. Heterochron′ic.—n. Heteroch′ronism.—adjs. Heterochronist′ic; Heteroch′ronous.

Heteroclite, het′er-o-klīt, adj. irregularly inflected: irregular—also Heteroclit′ic, -al.—n. Het′eroclīte, a word irregularly inflected: anything irregular.—adj. Heteroc′litous. [Gr. heteroklitos—heteros, other, klitos, inflected—klinein, to inflect.]

Heterodactyl, het-e-ro-dak′til, adj. having the digits irregular or peculiar in size, form, or position.—Also Heterodac′tylous.

Heterodont, het′er-o-dont, adj. having different kinds of teeth:—opposed to Homodont.—n.pl. Heterodont′a, an order of bivalves with hinge-teeth (cardinal and lateral) fitting into corresponding cavities in the opposite valve. [Gr. heteros, other, odous, odont-, a tooth.]

Heterodox, het′er-o-doks, adj. holding an opinion other or different from the one generally received, esp. in theology: heretical.—n. Het′erodoxy, heresy. [Gr. heterodoxos—heteros, other, doxa, an opinion—dokein, to think.]

Heterœcism, het-e-rē′sizm, n. the development, as of some parasitic fungi, of different stages of existence on different host-plants.—adjs. Heterœ′cious, Heterœcis′mal. [Gr. heteros, other, oikos, a house.]

Heterogamous, het-e-rog′a-mus, adj. (bot.) bearing two kinds of flowers which differ sexually, as in most Compositæ, &c.—n. Heterog′amy. [Gr. heteros, other, gamos, marriage.]

Heterogeneous, het-er-o-jē′ne-us, adj. of another race or kind: dissimilar: composed of different kinds or parts—also Heterogēn′eal (rare):—opposed to Homogeneous.—ns. Heterogenē′ity, Heterogēn′eousness.—adv. Heterogēn′eously. [Gr. heterogenēs—heteros, other, genos, a kind.]

Heterogenesis, het-er-ō-gen′e-sis, n. (biol.) spontaneous generation, abiogenesis: generation in which the offspring differs in structure and habit from the parent animal or plant, the ancestral characteristics, however, ultimately reappearing—Xenogenesis and Alternate generation are other names—also Heterog′eny.—adj. Heterogenet′ic. [Gr. heteros, other, genesis, generation.]

Heterogonous, het-e-rog′ō-nus, adj. (bot.) having flowers dimorphous or trimorphous as to the relative length of stamens and styles, an adaptation for cross-fertilisation. [Gr. heteros, other, gonos, generation.]

Heterography, het-e-rog′ra-fi, n. heterogeneous spelling.—adj. Heterograph′ic.

Heterology, het-er-ol′oj-i, n. abnormality, want of true morphological affinity.—adj. Heterol′ogous. [Gr. heteros, other, logia, relation.]

Heteromerous, het-e-rom′e-rus, adj. diversiform. [Gr. heteros, other, meros, a part.]

Heteromorphic, het-e-ro-mor′fik, adj. deviating in form from a given type—also Heteromor′phous.—ns. Heteromor′phism; Heteromor′phy. [Gr. heteros, other, morphē, form.]

Heteronomous, het-er-on′o-mus, adj. differentiated from a common type: subject to the rule of another.—n. Heteron′omy, subordination to law imposed by another:—opposed to Autonomy. [Gr. heteros, other, nomos, law.]

Heteronym, het′er-o-nim, n. a word spelled like another, but with a different sound and meaning, as lead, to guide; lead, the metal.—adj. Heteron′ymous.—n. Heteron′ymy. [Gr. heteros, other, onoma, a name.]

Heteroöusian. See Heterousian.

Heteropathy, het-e-rop′a-thi, n. allopathy.—adj. Heteropath′ic.

Heterophemy, het-e-ro-fē′mi, n. the saying of one thing when another is meant.—v.i. Heterophē′mise.—ns. Heterophē′mism; Heterophē′mist.—adj. Heterophemis′tic. [Gr. heteros, other, phēmē, a saying.]

Heterophyllous, het′er-o-fil′us, adj. (bot.) having two different kinds of leaves on the same stem. [Gr. heteros, other, phyllon, a leaf.]

Heteroplasia, het-e-ro-plā′si-a, n. the development of abnormal tissue by diseased action.—adj. Heteroplas′tic.—n. Heteroplas′ty. [Gr. heteros, other, plasis, a forming.]

Heteropoda, het-er-op′o-da, n.pl. pelagic gasteropods in which the 'foot' has become a swimming organ.—n. Het′eropod, one of the Heteropoda. [Gr. heteros, other, pous, podos, a foot.]

Heteroptera, het-e-rop′te-ra, n.pl. a sub-order of Hemiptera.—adj. Heterop′terous. [Gr. heteros, other, pteron, a wing.]

Heteroptics, het-e-rop′tiks, n. perverted vision. [Gr. heteros, other, optikos, optic]

Heteroscian, het-e-rosh′i-an, adj. and n. pertaining to a person living on one side of the equator, as contrasted with one living on the other side. [Gr. heteros, other, skia, a shadow.]

Heterosomata, het-e-ro-sō′ma-ta, n.pl. the flat-fishes.—adj. Heterosō′matous. [Gr. heteros, different, sōma, pl. sōmata, a body.]

Heterosporous, het-e-ro-spō′rus, adj. having more than one kind of asexually produced spores. [Gr. heteros, other, sporos, seed.]

Heterostrophic, het-e-rō-strof′ik, adj. reversed in direction.—n. Heteros′trophy. [Gr. heteros, other, strophē, a turning.]

Heterostyled, het′e-rō-stīld, adj. same as Heterogonous (q.v.).—n. Heterostyl′ism. [Gr. heteros, other, stylos, a pillar.]

Heterotaxis, het-er-o-tak′sis, n. anomalous arrangement of organs.—adj. Heterotax′ic. [Gr. heteros, other, taxis, arrangement.]

Heterotomous, het-er-ot′o-mus, adj. (min.) having a cleavage different from the common variety. [Gr. heteros, other, tomē, a cutting.]

Heterotopy, het-e-rot′o-pi, n. misplacement.—adj. Heterot′opous. [Gr. heteros, other, topos, place.]

Heterotrophy, het-e-rot′rof-i, n. (bot.) an abnormal mode of obtaining nutrition. [Gr. heteros, other, trophē, food.]

Heterousian, het′e-rōō-zi-an, n. and adj. one who believes the Father and Son to be unlike in substance or essence:—opposed to Homoöusian: an Arian.—Also Heteroöu′sian. [Gr. heteros, other, ousia, substance, einai, to be.]

Hetman, het′man, n. the title of the head or general of the Cossacks. [Russ.]

Heugh, Heuch, hūh, n. (Scot.) a crag, a glen with steep sides. [See How, a hill.]

Heulandite, hū′lan-dīt, n. a mineral of the zeolite group—from H. Heuland, an English mineralogist.

Heuristic, hū-ris′tik, adj. serving to find out.—n. the art of discovery in logic: the method in education by which the pupil is set to find out things for himself. [From the root of Gr. heuriskein, to find; also spelt euriskein. See Eureka.]

Hew, hū, v.t. to cut with any sharp instrument: to cut in pieces: to shape.—v.i. to deal blows with a cutting instrument:—pa.p. hewed, or hewn.—n. (Spens.) hacking.—n. Hew′er, one who hews. [A.S. héawan; Ger. hauen.]

Hexachord, hek′sa-kord, n. a diatonic series of six notes, having a semitone between the third and fourth. [Gr. hex, six, chordē, a string.]

Hexad, hek′sad, n. a series of six numbers: (chem.) an element or radical with the combining power of six units—i.e. of six atoms of hydrogen.

Hexadactylous, hek-sa-dak′ti-lus, adj. having six fingers or toes.—n. Hexadac′tylism.

Hexaëmeron, hek-sa-ē′me-ron, n. a period of six days, esp. that of the creation, according to Genesis: a history of the six days of creation. [Late Gr. hexaēmeros—hex, six, hēmera, a day.]

Hexagon, heks′a-gon, n. a figure with six sides and six angles.—adj. Hexag′onal.—adv. Hexag′onally.—v.t. Hex′agonise. [Gr. hexagōnon—hex, six, gōnia, an angle.]

Hexagynia, hek-sa-jin′i-a, n. in the Linnæan system an order of plants having six styles.—adjs. Hexagyn′ian, Hexag′ynous.

Hexahedron, heks-a-hē′dron, n. a cube, a regular solid with six sides or faces, each of these being a square.—adj. Hexahē′dral. [Gr. hex, six, hedra, a base.]

Hexameter, hek-sam′et-ėr, n. a verse of six measures or feet, the first four dactyls or spondees, the fifth a dactyl (sometimes a spondee), the sixth a spondee or trochee.—adj. having six metrical feet.—adjs. Hexamet′ric, -al.—n. Hexam′etrist, a writer of hexameters. [L.,—Gr. hex, six, metron, a measure.]

Hexandria, heks-an′dri-a, n. a Linnæan class of plants having six stamens.—adj. Hexan′drian. [Gr. hex, six, anēr, andros, a man, male.]

Hexangular, hek-sang′gū-lar, adj. having six angles.

Hexapetalous, hek-sa-pet′a-lus, adj. having six petals.

Hexaphyllous, hek-sa-fil′us, adj. having six leaves or leaflets. [Gr. hex, six, phyllon, a leaf.]

Hexapla, heks′a-pla, n. an edition of the Bible in six versions, as that made by Origen of the Old Testament.—adj. Hex′aplar. [Gr. hexapla, pl. neut. of hexaplous, sixfold.]

Hexapod, heks′a-pod, n. an animal with six feet.—n. Hexap′ody, a line or verse of six feet. [Gr. hexapous, -podos—hex, six, pous, a foot.]

Hexastich, heks′a-stik, n. a poem or stanza of six lines. [Gr. hexastichos—hex, six, stichos, a line.]

Hexastyle, heks′a-stīl, adj. having six columns, of a portico or temple having six columns in front. [Gr. hexastylos—hex, six, stylos, a pillar.]

Hexateuch, heks′a-tūk, n. the first six books of the Old Testament.—adj. Hex′ateuchal. [From Gr. hex, six, and teuchos, a book.]

Hey, hā, interj. expressive of joy or interrogation.—interj. Hey′day, expressive of frolic, exultation, or wonder.—n. exaltation of the spirits: the wild gaiety of youth: period of fullest vigour.—n. Hey′deguy (Spens.), a country dance or round.—interjs. Hey′-go-mad, expressing a high degree of excitement; Hey′-pass (Milt.), an expression used by jugglers during their performance. [Imit.]

Heyduck. See Haiduk.

Hi! hī, interj. expressing wonder or derision, or calling attention.

Hiatus, hī-ā′tus, n. a gap: an opening: a chasm: a break in continuity, a defect: (gram.) a concurrence of vowel sounds in two successive syllables. [L.,—hiāre, hiātum, to gape.]

Hibernate, hī′bėr-nāt, v.i. to winter: to pass the winter in torpor: to live in seclusion.—ns. Hiber′nacle, a winter covering; Hibernac′ulum, any part of a plant protecting an embryonic organ during the winter.—adj. Hiber′nal, belonging to winter: wintry.—n. Hibernā′tion, the state of torpor in which many animals pass the winter. [L. hibernāre, -ātum—hibernus, wintry—hiems, winter.]

Hibernian, hī-bėr′ni-an, adj. relating to Hibernia or Ireland.—n. an Irishman.—ns. Hiber′nianism, Hiber′nicism, an Irish idiom or peculiarity.—adv. Hiber′nically.—v.t. Hiber′nicīse, to render Irish.—n. Hibernisā′tion, a making Irish. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.]

Hibiscus, hī-bis′kus, n. a genus of malvaceous plants, mostly tropical. [L.,—Gr. hibiscos, mallow.]

Hic, hik, interj. a syllable expressing the sound made by one affected with a drunken hiccup.

Hiccatee, Hicatee, hik-a-tē′, n. a fresh-water tortoise of Central America.

Hiccup, hik′up, n. the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, while the glottis is spasmodically closed: the sound caused by this—also, but erroneously, Hic′cough.—v.i. to be affected with hiccup.—v.t. to say with a hiccup:—pr.p. hicc′upping; pa.p. hicc′upped.—adj. Hicc′upy, marked by hiccups. [Imit.; cf. Dut. hik, Dan. hikke, Bret. hik. The spelling hiccough is due to a confusion with cough.]

Hickory, hik′or-i, n. a genus (Carva) of North American nut-bearing trees, with heavy strong tenacious wood, used for shafts of carriages, handles of axes, &c. [Pohickery; of Indian origin.]

Hickwall, hik′-wal, n. (prov.) the green woodpecker.

Hid, Hidden. See Hide.

Hidalgo, hi-dal′gō, n. a Spanish nobleman of the lowest class.—adj. Hidal′goish.—n. Hidal′goism. [Sp., hijo de algo, 'the son of something.']

Hide, hīd, v.t. to conceal: to keep in safety.—v.i. to lie concealed:—pa.t. hid; pa.p. hid′den, hid.—adj. Hid′den, concealed: unknown.—adv. Hid′denly, in a hidden or secret manner: privily—(Scot.) Hid′lins.—adj. Hid′denmost, most hidden.—n. Hid′denness.—ns. Hide′-and-seek′, a children's game, where one seeks the others who have hid themselves; Hide′away, a fugitive.—adj. that hides away.—n. Hid′ing, a place of concealment [A.S. hýdan, to hide; cf. Low Ger. hûden, Gr. keuthein.]

Hide, hīd, n. the skin of an animal, esp. the larger animals, sometimes used derogatorily for human skin.—v.t. to flog or whip.—adj. Hide′-bound, having the hide closely bound to the body, as in animals: in trees, having the bark so close that it impedes the growth: stubborn, bigoted, obstinate.—n. Hid′ing, a thrashing. [A.S. hýd; Ger. haut, L. cutis.]

Hide, hīd, n. in old English law, a certain area of land, from 60 to 100 acres.—n. Hid′age, a tax once assessed on every hide of land. [A.S. híd, contracted from hígid—híw-, híg-, household.]

Hideous, hid′e-us, adj. frightful: horrible: ghastly.—ns. Hideos′ity, Hid′eousness.—adv. Hid′eously. [O. Fr. hideus, hisdos—hide, hisde, dread, prob.—L. hispidus, rough, rude.]

Hidrotic, hid-rot′ik, adj. sudorific.—n. a sudorific.

Hie, hī, v.i. to hasten.—v.t. to urge on: pass quickly over:—pr.p. hie′ing; pa.p. hied. [A.S. hígian.]

Hie, High, hī, n. (prov.) the call to a horse to turn to the left:—opposite of Hup.

Hielaman, hī′la-man, n. the native Australian narrow shield of bark or wood.

Hiems, hī′emz, n. (Shak.) winter.—adj. Hī′emal.—v.t. Hī′emate.—n. Hiemā′tion, hibernation. [L.]

Hieracosphinx, hī-er-ā′ko-sfingks, n. See Sphinx.

Hiera-picra, hī′e-ra-pik′ra, n. a purgative drug from aloes and canella bark.—Also Hickery-pickery, Higry-pigry. [Gr. hiera, fem. of hieros, sacred, pikra, fem. of pikros, bitter.]

Hierarch, hī′ėr-ärk, n. a ruler in sacred matters.—adjs. Hi′erarchal, Hierarch′ical.—adv. Hierarch′ically.—ns. Hī′erarchism; Hī′erarchy, rule in sacred matters: persons that so rule: the body of the clergy: a government by priests: a series of successive terms of different rank; Hieroc′racy, government by priests.—Celestial hierarchy, the collective body of angels, grouped in three divisions and nine orders of different power and glory: (1) seraphim, cherubim, thrones; (2) dominations or dominions, virtues, powers; (3) principalities, archangels, angels. [Gr. hierarchēs—hieros, sacred, archein, to rule.]

Hieratic, hī-ėr-at′ik, adj. sacred: relating to priests, applying to a certain kind of ancient Egyptian writing, which consisted of abridged forms of hieroglyphics; also to certain styles in art. [L. hieraticus—Gr. hieratikos—hieros, sacred.]

Hieroglyphic, hī-ėr-o-glif′ik, also Hī′eroglyph, n. the sacred characters of the ancient Egyptian language: picture-writing, or writing in which figures of objects are employed instead of conventional signs, like the alphabet—hieroglyphics are either phonetic or ideographic, the former comprising signs which represent sounds, the latter those which represent ideas: any symbolical or enigmatical figure.—v.t. Hī′eroglyph, to represent by hieroglyphs.—adjs. Hieroglyph′ic, -al.—adv. Hieroglyph′ically.—n. Hierog′lyphist, one skilled in hieroglyphics. [Gr. hieroglyphikon—hieros, sacred, glyphein, to carve.]

Hierogram, hī′er-o-gram, n. a hieroglyphic symbol.—adjs. Hierogrammat′ic, -al.—ns. Hierogram′matist, Hierogram′mate, a writer of sacred records; Hī′erograph, a sacred symbol; Hierog′rapher, a sacred scribe.—adjs. Hierograph′ic, -al, pertaining to sacred writing.—n. Hierog′raphy, a description of sacred things. [Gr. hieros, sacred, gramma, a writing.]

Hierolatry, hī-er-ol′a-tri, n. the worship of saints or sacred things.

Hierology, hī-ėr-ol′o-ji, n. the science of sacred matters, esp. ancient writing and Egyptian inscriptions.—adj. Hierolog′ic.—n. Hierol′ogist. [Gr. hierologia—hieros, sacred, legein, to speak.]

Hieromancy, hī-er-o-man′si, n. divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

Hieronymic, hī-e-rō-nim′ik, adj. of or pertaining to St Jerome—also Hieronym′ian.—n. Hieron′ymite, one of the many hermit orders established in the course of the 13th and 14th centuries. [L. Hieronymus, Jerome.]

Hieropathic, hī-er-o-path′ik, adj. consisting in love of the clergy.

Hierophant, hī′ėr-o-fant, n. one who shows or reveals sacred things: a priest.—adj. Hierophant′ic, belonging to or relating to hierophants. [Gr. hierophantēs—hieros, sacred, phainein, to show.]

Hieroscopy, hī-er-os′ko-pi, n. the same as hieromancy.

Hierosolymitan, hī-e-rō-sol′i-mī-tan, adj. of or pertaining to Jerusalem. [L. Hierosolyma, Jerusalem.]

Hierurgy, hī′er-ur′ji, n. a sacred performance.—adj. Hierur′gical.

Higgle, hig′l, v.i. to make difficulty in bargaining: to chaffer.—v.i. Higg′le-hagg′le, a reduplicated variant of higgle.—ns. Higg′ler; Higg′ling. [Prob. a form of haggle.]

Higgledy-piggledy, hig′l-di-pig′l-di, adv. and adj. topsy-turvy: (coll.) upside down. [A word coined to express a meaningless jumble.]

High, hī, adj. elevated: lofty: tall: elevated relatively to something, as upward from a base, in position from the mouth of a river, &c.: eminent in anything: exalted in rank: dignified: chief: noble: ostentatious: arrogant: proud: strong, intensified: extreme in opinion: powerful: angry: loud: violent: tempestuous: shrill: excellent: far advanced: difficult: dear: remote in time: slightly tainted (of game, &c.).—adv. aloft: eminently: powerfully: profoundly: of flesh, on the point of beginning to decay.—ns. High′-ad′miral, a high or chief admiral of a fleet; High′-al′tar, the principal altar in a church; High′-bail′iff, an officer who serves writs, &c., in certain franchises, exempt from the ordinary supervision of the sheriff; High′-bind′er (U.S.), a rowdy, ruffian, blackmailer.—adjs. High′-blest (Milt.), supremely blest or happy; High′-blood′ed, of noble lineage; High′-blown, swelled with wind: (Shak.) inflated, as with pride; High′-born, of high or noble birth; High′-bred, of high or noble breed, training, or family.—ns. High′-church, applied to a party within the Church of England, which exalts the authority of the Episcopate and the priesthood, the saving grace of sacraments, &c. (also adj.); High′-church′ism; High′-church′man.—adj. High′-col′oured, having a strong or glaring colour.—ns. High′-court, a supreme court; High′-cross, a market cross; High′-day, a holiday or festival: (B.) broad daylight.—adj. befitting a festival.—v.t. High′er, to raise higher: to lift.—v.i. to ascend.—n. High′-falū′tin, bombastic discourse.—adj. bombastic: pompous.—adj. High′-fed, fed highly or luxuriously: pampered.—ns. High′-feed′ing; High′-flier, a bird that flies high: one who runs into extravagance of opinion or action.—adjs. High′-flown, extravagant: elevated: turgid; High′-fly′ing, extravagant in conduct or opinion; High′-grown (Shak.), covered with a high growth; High′-hand′ed, overbearing: violent: arbitrary.—n. High′-hand′edness.—adjs. High′-heart′ed, with the heart full of courage; High′-heeled, wearing high heels—of shoes.—n. High′-jinks, boisterous play or jollity: an old Scotch pastime in which persons played various parts under penalty of a forfeit.—adj. High′-kilt′ed, wearing the kilt or petticoat high: indecorous.—n. and adj. High′land, a mountainous district, esp. in pl. that portion of Scotland lying north and west of a line drawn diagonally from Nairn to Dumbarton.—ns. High′lander, High′landman, an inhabitant of a mountainous region; High′-low, a high shoe fastened with a leather thong in front.—adv. High′ly.—n. High′-mass (see Mass).—adjs. High′-mett′led, high-spirited, courageous; High′-mind′ed, having a high, proud, or arrogant mind: having honourable pride: magnanimous.—n. High′-mind′edness.—adjs. High′most, highest; High′-necked, of a dress, cut so as to cover the shoulders and neck.—n. High′ness, the state of being high: dignity of rank: a title of honour given to princes.—adj. High′-pitched, high-strung: haughty.—n. High′-place (B.), an eminence on which idolatrous rites were performed by the Jews—hence the idols, &c., themselves.—adjs. High′-press′ure, applied to a steam-engine in which the steam is raised to a high temperature, so that the pressure may exceed that of the atmosphere; High′-priced, costly.—ns. High′-priest (see Priest); High′-priest′ess; High′-priest′hood.—adjs. High′-prin′cipled, of high, noble, or strict principle; High′-proof, proved to contain much alcohol: highly rectified; High′-raised, raised aloft: elevated; High′-reach′ing, reaching upwards: ambitious.—n. High′-road, one of the public or chief roads: a road for general traffic.—adjs. High′-sea′soned, made rich or piquant with spices or other seasoning; High′-sight′ed (Shak.), always looking upwards; High′-souled, having a high or lofty soul or spirit; High′-sound′ing, pompous: ostentatious; High′-spir′ited, having a high spirit or natural fire: bold: daring: irascible.—n. High′-step′per, a horse that lifts its feet high from the ground.—adjs. High′-step′ping, having a proud or conceited carriage or walk; High′-stom′ached (Shak.), proud-spirited, lofty, obstinate; High′-strung, high-spirited: sensitive.—n. Hight (Milt.), obsolete form of height.—adj. High′-tast′ed, having a strong, piquant taste or relish.—n. High′-tide (rare), a great festival.—adj. High′-toned, high in pitch: dignified.—ns. High′-top (Shak.), a mast-head; High′-trea′son, treason against the sovereign or state.—adj. High′-viced (Shak.), enormously wicked.—ns. High′-wa′ter, the time at which the tide is highest: the greatest elevation of the tide; High′-wa′ter-mark, the highest line so reached; High′way, a public road on which all have right to go: the main or usual way or course; High′wayman, a robber who attacks people on the public way.—adj. High′-wrought, wrought with exquisite skill: highly finished: agitated.—High and dry, of a ship, up out of the water: disabled; High and low, rich and poor, people of every condition; High and mighty, exalted: arrogant; High celebration (see Celebration); High life, the life of fashionable society: the people of this society; High living, over-indulgence in the pleasures of the table; High seas, the open sea, including the whole extent of sea so far as it is not the exclusive property of any particular country; High table, the table in the dining-hall of a college where the dons sit; High tea, a tea with hot meat, &c., as opposed to a plain tea.—A high hand, or arm, might: power: audacity; A high time, A high old time (coll.), a time of special jollity or enthusiasm; Be high time, to be fully time something was done that should have been done well before; Be on one's high horse, to assume an attitude of fancied superiority: to be arrogant.—Highland costume, the fillibeg or kilt, shoulder-plaid, sporran, &c.; Highland regiments, a number of regiments in the British army, wearing the Highland dress and feather-bonnet, or tartan trews and shakos.—In high feather, in high spirits: happy; On high, in or to a height; On the high ropes (coll.), in an elated or highly excited mood; With a high hand, arrogantly. [A.S. héah; Goth. hauhs, Ice. hár, Ger. hoch.]

Hight, hīt, v.t. to command: (Spens.) to call, name.—v.i. (orig. pass.) to be called or named, to have as a name; therefore third pers. sing., Hight=he was or is called. [M. E. highte—A.S. hátte, I was called, pa.t. of hátan, to call, to be called. Cf. Ger. ich heisse, I am named, from heissen, to call.]

Highty-tighty, hī′ti-tī′ti, adj. the same as Hoity-toity (q.v.).

Hijra, Hijrah. Same as Hegira.

Hilar, hī′lar, adj. pertaining to a hilum.

Hilarious, hi-lā′ri-us, adj. gay: very merry.—adv. Hilā′riously.—n. Hilar′ity, gaiety: pleasurable excitement. [L. hilaris—Gr. hilaros, cheerful.]

Hilary, hil′ar-i, adj. a term or session of the High Court of Justice in England; also one of the university terms at Oxford and Dublin—from St Hilary of Poitiers (died 367), festival, Jan. 13.

Hilch, hilch, v.t. (Scot.) to hobble.—n. a limp.

Hildebrandism, hil′de-brand-izm, n. the spirit and policy of Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII., 1073-85), unbending assertion of the power of the Church, &c.—adj. Hildebrand′ic.

Hilding, hild′ing, n. a mean, cowardly person, a dastard.—adj. cowardly, spiritless. [Prob. hield, to bend down.]

Hill, hil, n. a high mass of land, less than a mountain.—n. Hill′-dig′ger, one who digs into barrows, &c., for buried treasure.—adj. Hilled, having hills.—ns.pl. Hill′-folk, Hill′men, people living or hiding among the hills: the Scotch sect of Cameronians, the Covenanters generally.—ns. Hill′-fort, a prehistoric stronghold; Hill′iness; Hill′ock, a small hill.—adj. Hill′ocky.—ns. Hill′-side, the slope of a hill; Hill′-top, the summit of a hill.—adj. Hill′y, full of hills.—Up hill and down dale, vigorously and persistently. [A.S. hyll; cf. L. collis, a hill, celsus, high.]

Hillo, hil′ō, interj. Same as Hallo.

Hilt, hilt, n. the handle, esp. of a sword.—adj. Hilt′ed, having a hilt.—Up to the hilt, completely, thoroughly, to the full. [A.S. hilt; Dut. hilte, Old High Ger. helza; not conn. with hold.]

Hilum, hī′lum, n. the scar on a seed at the point of union with the placenta: (anat.) the depression at the place where ducts, vessels, and nerves enter an organ.—adj. Hī′lar. [L.]

Him, him, pron. the objective case of he.—pron. Him′self, the emphatic and reflective form of he and him: the proper character of a person. [A.S. him, dat. sing. masc. and neut. of he, it.]

Himation, hi-mat′i-on, n. the ancient Greek outer garment, oblong, thrown over the left shoulder, and fastened either over or under the right. [Gr.]

Himyaritic, him-ya-rit′ik, adj. a name formerly applied to the language of the ancient Sabæan inscriptions in the south-west of Arabia. [Himyar, a traditional king of Yemen.]

Hin, hin, n. a Hebrew liquid measure containing about six English quarts. [Heb.]

Hind, hīnd, n. the female of the stag or red-deer.—n. Hind′berry, the raspberry. [A.S. hind; Dut. and Ger. hinde.]

Hind, hīnd, n. a farm-servant, esp. one having charge of a pair of horses, with cottage on the farm, formerly bound to supply a female field-worker (bondager). [A.S. hína=híwna, gen. pl. of híwan, domestics.]

Hind, hīnd, adj. placed in the rear: pertaining to the part behind: backward:—opp. to Fore.—adj. Hind′er, the older form of hind, but used in the same significations.—n. Hind′er-end, the latter end: (Scot.) buttocks.—n.pl. Hind′erlins (Scot.), the buttocks.—adjs. Hind′ermost, Hind′most, superlative of hind, farthest behind; Hind′-fore′most, the back part in the front place. [A.S. hindan (adv.), back, hinder, backwards; Goth. hindar, Ger. hinter, behind.]

Hinder, hin′dėr, v.t. to put or keep behind: to stop, or prevent progress: to embarrass.—v.i. to be an obstacle.—ns. Hin′derance, Hin′drance, act of hindering: that which hinders: obstacle. [A.S. hindrian; Ger. hindern.]

Hindi, hin′dē, n. and adj. one of the languages of Aryan stock now spoken in Northern India.—Also Hin′dee. [Urdū, Hind, 'India.']

Hindu, Hindoo, hin′dōō, n. a native of Hindustan: now more properly applied to native Indian believers in Brahmanism, as opposed to Mohammedans, &c.—ns. Hin′duism, Hin′dooism, the religion and customs of the Hindus. [Sindhu, Sans. for Indus.]

Hindustani, Hindoostanee, hin-dōō-stan′ē, n. a dialect of Hindi, also called Urdū, the chief official and commercial language of India.—Also adj.

Hinge, hinj, n. the hook or joint on which a door or lid hangs: that on which anything depends or turns.—v.t. to furnish with hinges: to bend.—v.i. to hang or turn as on a hinge: to depend on:—pr.p. hing′ing; pa.p. hinged.—n. Hinge′-joint (anat.), a joint in which the bones move.—Off the hinges, in a state of confusion. [Related to hang.]

Hinny, hin′i, n. the offspring of a stallion and she-ass. [L. hinnus—Gr. ginnos, later hinnos, a mule.]

Hinny, hin′i, n. a Scotch variant of honey.

Hinny, hin′i, v.i. to neigh, whinny.

Hint, hint, n. a distant or indirect allusion: slight mention: insinuation.—v.t. to bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion: to allude to.—v.i. to make an indirect or remote allusion: to allude.—adv. Hint′ingly.—Hint at, to allude to obscurely. [A.S. hentan, to seize.]

Hinterland, hint′ėr-land, n. the district behind that lying along the coast, or along a river. [Ger.]

Hip, hip, n. the haunch or fleshy part of the thigh: (archit.) the external angle formed by the sides of a roof when the end slopes backward instead of terminating in a gable.—v.t. to sprain the hip:—pr.p. hip′ping; pa.p. hipped, hipt.—ns. Hip′-bath, a bath to sit in—also Sitz-bath; Hip′-gir′dle, -belt, the 14th-century sword-belt, passing diagonally from waist to hip; Hip′-gout, sciatica; Hip′-joint, the articulation of the head of the thigh-bone with the ilium; Hip′-knob, an ornament placed on the apex of the hips of a roof or on a gable; Hip′-lock, a trick in wrestling by which one throws a leg and hip before the other to throw him; Hip′ping, a napkin wrapped about an infant's hips.—adj. Hip′-shot, having the hip out of joint.—Hip-and-thigh, in phrase, 'smitten hip-and-thigh'=smitten both before and behind, completely overpowered.—Have, Catch, on the hip, to get an advantage over some one—a metaphor from the wrestling-ring. [A.S. hype; Goth. hups, Ger. hüfte.]

Hip, hip, Hep, hep, n. the fruit of the wild brier or dog-rose. [A.S. héope, a hip.]

Hip, Hyp, hip, n. hypochondria.—v.t. to render melancholy.—adjs. Hipped, rendered melancholy; Hip′pish, somewhat hypochondriac. [A corr. of hypochondria.]

Hip, hip, interj. an exclamation to invoke a united cheer—Hip′-hip′-hurr′ah.

Hipparion, hi-pā′ri-on, n. a fossil genus of Equidæ. [Gr. hipparion, dim. of hippos, a horse.]

Hippety-hoppety, hip′e-ti-hop′e-ti, adv. hopping and skipping.—n. Hipp′ety-hop.

Hippiatric, hip-i-at′rik, adj. relating to the treatment of the diseases of horses.—n.pl. Hippiat′rics.—ns. Hippiat′rist; Hippiat′ry.—adj. Hipp′ic, relating to horses.

Hippocampus, hip′o-kam-pus, n. a genus of small fishes with head and neck somewhat like those of a horse, the sea-horse: (anat.) a raised curved trace on the floor of the lateral ventricle of the brain. [Gr. hippokampos—hippos, a horse, kampos, a sea-monster.]

Hippocentaur, hip-o-sent′awr, n. Same as Centaur. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and centaur.]

Hippocras, hip′o-kras, n. an aromatic medicated wine, formerly much used as a cordial.—adj. Hippocrat′ic, pertaining to the Greek physician Hippocrates (born 460 B.C.).—v.t. Hippoc′ratise.—n. Hippoc′ratism.

Hippocrene, hip′o-krēn, n. a fountain on the northern slopes of Mount Helicon, in Greece, sacred to the Muses and Apollo. [L.,—Gr. hippokrēnē—hippos, a horse, krēnē, a fountain.]

Hippocrepian, hip-o-krē′pi-an, adj. horse-shoe shaped. [Gr. hippos, a horse, krēpis, a shoe.]

Hippodame, hip′o-dām, n. (Spens.) the sea-horse.—n. Hippod′amist, a horse-tamer.—adj. Hippod′amous, horse-taming.

Hippodrome, hip′o-drōm, n. the Greek name for a racecourse for horses and chariots: an equestrian circus: (U.S.) a fraudulent athletic game or contest in which the result is prearranged.—v.t. to conduct races in such a way.—adj. Hippodrom′ic.—n. Hippod′romist, a circus trainer or rider. [Fr.,—Gr. hippodromos—hippos, a horse, dromos, a course.]

Hippogriff, Hippogryph, hip′o-grif, n. a fabulous animal represented as a winged horse with the head of a griffin. [Fr. hippogriffe—Gr. hippos, a horse, gryps, a griffin.]

Hippology, hip-ol′o-ji, n. the study of horses.—adj. Hippolog′ical.—n. Hippol′ogist.

Hippomanes, hip-om′an-ēz, n. an ancient love-philtre obtained from a mare or foal.—n. Hipp′omane, a genus of plants of the natural order Euphorbiaceæ, the manchineel-tree. [Gr.]

Hippopathology, hip-o-pa-thol′o-ji, n. the pathology of the horse: the science of veterinary medicine. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and pathology.]

Hippophagy, hip-pof′a-ji, n. the act or practice of feeding on horse-flesh.—n.pl. Hippoph′agi, eaters of horse-flesh.—n. Hippoph′agist, an eater of horseflesh.—adj. Hippoph′agous, horse-eating. [Gr. hippos, a horse, phagein, to eat.]

Hippophile, hip′o-fīl, n. a lover of horses.

Hippopotamus, hip-o-pot′a-mus, n. the river-horse—an African quadruped, of aquatic habits, having a very thick skin, short legs, and a large head and muzzle.—adj. Hippopotam′ic (also -pot′-), like a hippopotamus, clumsy. [L.,—Gr. hippopotamos—hippos, a horse, potamos, a river.]

Hippotomy, hip-ot′o-mi, n. the dissection of the horse.—adj. Hippotom′ical.—n. Hippot′omist.

Hippuric, hip-ū′rik, adj. denoting an acid first obtained from the urine of horses. [Gr. hippos, a horse, ouron, urine.]

Hippurid, hi-pū′rid, n. a plant of natural order Hippurideæ or Haloragaceæ, the typical genus the common mare's tail.

Hippurite, hip′ū-rīt, n. a fossil bivalve mollusc peculiar to the cretaceous strata.—adj. Hippurit′ic. [Gr. hippos, a horse, oura, a tail.]

Hippus, hip′us, n. clonic spasm of the iris.

Hircine, hėr′sīn, adj. goat-like: having a strong goatish smell.—ns. Hircocer′vus, a fabulous creature, half-goat, half-stag; Hircos′ity, goatishness. [Fr.,—L. hircinus—hircus, a he-goat.]

Hirdy-girdy, hėr′di-gėr′di, adv. (Scot.) in confusion.

Hire, hīr, n. wages for service: the price paid for the use of anything.—v.t. to procure the use or service of, at a price: to engage for wages: to grant temporary use of for compensation: to bribe.—adj. Hire′able.—ns. Hire′ling, a hired servant: a mercenary: a prostitute (also adj.); Hir′er; Hire′-sys′tem, a system by which a hired article becomes the property of the hirer after a stipulated number of payments; Hir′ing, the contract of hiring—bailment for hire (in Scotland, location): a fair or market where servants are engaged.—On hire, for hiring. [A.S. hýr, wages, hýrian, to hire; Ger. heuer, Dut. huur.]

Hirmos, hir′mos, n. in the usage of the Greek Church, a standard troparion, forming the first stanza of a canon of odes, and serving as a model for the other stanzas:—pl. Hir′moi.—n. Hirmolō′gion, an office-book containing the hirmoi. [Gr. eirmos, a series.]

Hirple, hėr′pl, v.i. (Scot.) to walk or run as if lame.—n. a limping gait.

Hirrient, hir′i-ent, n. a trilled sound.

Hirsel, hir′sel, n. (Scot.) a multitude, a throng, a flock of sheep.—v.t. to put in different groups.

Hirsle, hir′sl, v.i. (Scot.) to slide or move, resting on the hams: to move forward with a rustling sound.

Hirsute, hir-sūt′, adj. hairy: rough: shaggy: (bot.) having long, stiffish hairs. [L. hirsutus—hirsus, hirtus, shaggy.]

Hirundine, hi-run′din, adj. of or pertaining to the swallow. [L. hirundo, a swallow.]

His, hiz, pron. possessive form of he: (B.) used for its.—Hisn, a contracted form of his own. [A.S. his, possessive of he, and originally of it.]

Hish, hish, v.i. to hiss. [A by-form of hiss.]

Hispanic, his-pan′ik, adj. Spanish.—adv. Hispan′ically.—vs.t. Hispan′icise, Hispan′iolise, to render Spanish.—n. Hispan′icism, a Spanish phrase. [L. Hispania, Spain.]

Hispid, his′pid, adj. (bot.) rough with or having strong hairs or bristles.—n. Hispid′ity. [L. hispidus.]

Hiss, his, v.i. to make a sibilant sound like that of the letter s, as the goose, serpent, &c.: to express contempt, &c., by hissing.—v.t. to condemn by hissing.—n. the sound of the letter s, an expression of disapprobation, contempt, &c.—n. Hiss′ing, the noise of a hiss: object of hissing: object or occasion of contempt. [Imit.]

Hist, hist, interj. demanding silence and attention: hush! silence!—v.t. to urge (a dog, &c.) by making the sound of this word. [Imit.]

Histie, his′ti, adj. (Scot.) dry: barren.

Histioid, his′ti-oid, adj. resembling tissue.—adj. Histogenet′ic.—adv. Histogenet′ically.—ns. Histog′eny, the formation and development of tissues—also Histogen′esis; Histog′raphy, a description of the tissues.—adjs. Histolog′ic, -al, pertaining to histology.—ns. Histol′ogist, one skilled in histology; Histol′ogy, the science which classifies and describes the structural or morphological elements which exist in the solids and fluids of organised bodies; Histol′ysis, degeneration and decay of organic tissue.—adj. Histolyt′ic. [Gr. histos, web.]

History, his′to-ri, n. an account of an event: a systematic account of the origin and progress of a nation: the knowledge of facts, events, &c.: an eventful life, a past of more than common interest, as a 'woman with a history:' a drama representing historical events.—v.t. (rare) to record.—n. His′tōrian, a writer of history.—adjs. Histō′riāted, adorned with figures, esp. of men or animals, as the medieval illuminated manuscripts, capital letters, initials &c.; Histor′ic, -al, pertaining to history: containing history: derived from history: famous in history: authentic.—adv. Histor′ically.—v.t. and v.i. Histor′icise, to make, or represent as, historic.—ns. Historic′ity, historical character; Historiette′, a short history or story.—v.t. Histor′ify, to record in history.—n. Historiog′rapher, a writer of history: a professed or official historian.—adjs. Historiograph′ic, -al, pertaining to the writing of history.—adv. Historiograph′ically.—ns. Historiog′raphy, the art or employment of writing history; Historiol′ogy, the knowledge or study of history.—Historical method, the study of a subject in its historical development; Historical painting, the painting of historic scenes, or scenes in which historic figures are introduced; Historical present, the present tense used for the past, to add life and reality to the narrative, as in 'cometh' in Mark, v. 22.—Ancient history, the history of the world down to the fall of Rome, 476 A.D.; Medieval history, the history of the period between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the 16th century; Modern history, history since the beginning of the 16th century; Natural history, originally an expression including all the concrete sciences, now the science of living things: (in frequent use) zoology, esp. in so far as that is concerned with the life and habits of animals; Profane, Secular, history, the history of secular affairs as opposed to Sacred history, which deals with the events in the Bible narrative. [L.,—Gr. historia—histōr, knowing; cf. eidenai, to know, L. vidēre, Sans. vid, Eng. wit.]

Histrionic, -al, his-tri-on′ik, -al, adj. relating to the stage or stage-players: befitting a theatre: feigned.—ns. His′trio, His′trion, a stage-player.—adv. Histrion′ically.—ns. Histrion′icism, His′trionism, the acts or practice of stage-playing or of pantomime.—n.pl. Histrion′ics, play-acting.—v.i. His′trionise, to act, play a part. [L. histrionicus—histrio, an actor, primary form hister, a player.]

Hit, hit, v.t. to touch or strike: to reach: to suit: fit: conform to.—v.i. to come in contact: to chance luckily: to succeed:—pr.p. hit′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. hit.—n. a lucky chance, a surprising success: a stroke: a happy turn of thought or expression: at backgammon, a move that throws one of the opponent's men back to the entering point, a game won after one or two men are removed from the board.—n. Hit′ter.—adj. Hit′ty-miss′y, random, hap-hazard.—Hit below the belt, to deal a blow disallowable in the rules of the ring: to do an injury to another unfairly; Hit it off(with), to agree with some one; Hit off, to imitate, to describe; Hit-or-miss, reckless, hap-hazard; Hit out, to strike out with the fist; Hit the nail on the head (see Nail); Hit upon, to come upon, discover.—Hard hit, one gravely affected by some trouble, or by love. [A.S. hyttan, app. Ice. hitta, to light on, to find; Sw. hitta, to find, Dan. hitte, to hit upon.]

Hitch, hich, v.i. to move by jerks, as if caught by a hook: to be caught by a hook: to be caught or fall into.—v.t. to hook: to catch: to fasten, tether, esp. to make fast a rope.—n. a jerk: a catch or anything that holds: an obstacle: a sudden halt: (naut.) a species of knot by which one rope is connected with another, or to some object—various knots are the Clove-hitch, Timber-hitch, Blackwall-hitch, &c.—n. Hitch′er.—adv. Hitch′ily.—adj. Hitch′y.—Hitch up, to harness a horse to a vehicle. [Ety. dub.; prob. the same as itch.]

Hithe, hīth, n. a small haven. [A.S. hýð.]

Hither, hith′ėr, adv. to this place.—adj. toward the speaker: nearer.—v.i. to come—chiefly in phrase, 'to hither and thither'=to go to and fro.—adj. Hith′ermost, nearest on this side.—n. and adj. Hith′erside, the nearer side.—advs. Hith′erto, to this place or time: as yet; Hith′erward, towards this place.—Hither and thither, back and forward: to and from. [A.S. hider; Goth. hidrê, Ice. hêðra.]

Hitopadesa, hit-ō-pa-dē′sa, n. a famous collection of fables and stories in Sanskrit literature, a popular summary in four books of the Panchatantra.

Hittite, hit′īt, adj. pertaining to the Hittites, a powerful and civilised people, probably not Semitic, of northern Syria. [Heb. Khittīm.]

Hive, hīv, n. a place where bees live and store up honey, whether artificial or natural: a swarm of bees in a box or basket: any busy company.—v.t. to collect into a hive: to lay up in store.—v.i. to take shelter together: to reside in a body.—ns. Hive′-bee, the common honey-bee; Hiv′er; Hive′-nest, a large nest built and occupied by several pairs of birds in common. [A.S. hýf.]

Hives, hīvz, n. a popular term for nettle-rash and other similar skin diseases: laryngitis.

Hizz, hiz, v.i. to hiss.

Ho, Hoa, hō, interj. a call to excite attention: hold! stop!—repeated it expresses derision.

Hoar, hōr, adj. white or grayish-white, esp. with age or frost: mouldy.—n. hoariness: age.—v.i. (Shak.) to become mouldy.—n. Hoar′-frost, white frost: the white particles formed by the freezing of dew.—adjs. Hoar′-head′ed, Hoar′y, white or gray with age: (bot.) covered with short, dense, whitish hairs.—adv. Hoar′ily.—ns. Hoar′iness; Hoar′-stone, an ancient boundary stone. [A.S. hár, hoary, gray; Ice. hárr.]

Hoard, hōrd, n. a store: a hidden stock: a treasure: a place for hiding anything.—v.t. to store: to amass and deposit in secret.—v.i. to store up: to collect and form a hoard.—n. Hoard′er. [A.S. hord; Ice. hodd, Ger. hort.]

Hoard, hōrd, Hoarding, hōrd′ing, n. a hurdle or fence enclosing a house and materials while builders are at work: any boarding on which bills are posted. [From O. Fr. hurdis—hurt, hourt, hourd, a palisade.]

Hoarhound, Horehound, hōr′hownd, n. a plant of a whitish or downy appearance, used as a tonic. [M. E. horehune—A.S. hárhúne, from hár, hoar or white, and húne (acc. to Skeat, meaning 'strong-scented'); cf. L. cunila, Gr. konilē, wild marjoram.]

Hoarse, hōrs, adj. having a harsh, grating voice, as from a cold: harsh: discordant.—adv. Hoarse′ly.—n. Hoarse′ness. [A.S. hás; Ice. háss, this prob. for hárs, throwing light on the M. E. hôrs, hoors, Scot. hairsh, &c.]

Hoast, hōst, n. (prov.) a cough.—v.i. to cough. [Ice. hóste; Dut. hoest.]

Hoastman, hōst′man, n. a member of an old merchant guild in Newcastle, with charge of coal-shipping, &c. [Host, stranger, guest.]

Hoatzin, hō-at′sin, n. a remarkable South American bird, the same as the Touraco (q.v.).—Also Hoact′zin, Hoa′zin. [S. Amer.]

Hoax, hōks, n. a deceptive trick: a practical joke.—v.t. to deceive: to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice.—ns. Hoaxee′; Hoax′er; Hoax′ing. [Corr. of hocus. See Hocus-pocus.]

Hob, hob, n. the projecting nave of a wheel: a projection on the side of a fireplace, on which anything may be laid to keep hot: a game in which coins are placed on the end of a short stick at which stones are thrown, those that fall head up going to the thrower—also the round stick used in this game: a hardened threaded steel mandrel used in forming the cutting ends of screw-chasing tools, &c.—n. Hob′nail, a nail with a thick, strong head, used in horse-shoes, &c.: a clownish fellow.—v.t. to furnish with hobnails: to trample upon with hobnailed shoes.—adj. Hob′nailed. [Cf. Hub.]

Hob, hob, n. a clownish fellow: a rustic: a fairy.—n. Hob′binoll, a rustic.—adj. Hob′bish, clownish.—n. Hobgob′lin, a mischievous fairy: a frightful apparition.—Play hob, to make confusion. [A corr. of Rob for Robin, Robert.]

Hob-a-nob, Hob-and-nob. Same as Hobnob.

Hobbism, hob′izm, n. the doctrine of Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), that morality is an institution of society.—n. Hobb′ist, a follower of Hobbes.

Hobble, hob′l, v.i. to walk with a limp: to walk awkwardly: to move irregularly.—v.t. to fasten loosely the legs of: to hamper: to perplex.—n. an awkward limping gait: a difficulty, a scrape: anything used to hamper the feet of an animal, a clog or fetter.—ns. Hobb′ler, one who hobbles: an unlicensed pilot, casual labourer in docks, &c.: a man who tows a canal-boat with a rope; Hobb′ling.—adv. Hobb′lingly. [Cf. Dut. hobbelen, hobben, to toss.]

Hobbledehoy, hob′l-de-hoi′, n. an awkward youth, a stripling, neither man nor boy.—adj. Hobbledehoy′ish.—n. Hobbledehoy′ism. [Prob. conn. with hobble, referring to awkward gait.]

Hobbler, hob′lėr, n. a horseman employed for light work, as reconnoitring, &c.: a horse. [O. Fr. hobeler—hobin, a small horse.]

Hobby, hob′i, n. a strong, active horse: a pacing horse: a subject on which one is constantly setting off, as in 'to ride' or 'to mount a hobby:' a favourite pursuit.—n. Hobb′y-horse, a stick or figure of a horse on which boys ride: one of the chief parts played in the ancient morris-dance: (Shak.) a term of contempt for a loose and frivolous person, male or female.—adj. Hobb′y-hor′sical, having a hobby: eccentric.—ns. Hobb′yism; Hobb′yist, one who rides a hobby.—adj. Hobb′yless. [M. E. hobyn, hoby, prob. Hob, a by-form of Rob. Hence also O. Fr. hobin, hobi (Fr. aubin).]

Hobby, hob′i, n. a small species of falcon. [O. Fr. hobé, hobet—Low L. hobetus; prob. O. Fr. hober, to move.]

Hobgoblin. See Hob (2).—ns. Hobgob′linism; Hobgob′linry.

Hobjob, hob′job, n. (prov.) an odd job.—v.i. to work at such.—ns. Hob′jobber; Hob′jobbing.

Hobnail. See Hob (1).

Hobnob, hob′nob, adv. have or not have, a familiar invitation to drink.—v.i. to associate or drink together familiarly.—pr.p. Hobnob′bing.—adj. Hob′nobby. [Hab, nab.]

Hobson-jobson, hob′son-job′son, n. a native festal excitement, esp. the Moharram ceremonies. [A corr. of the wailing 'Yā Hasan! Yā Hosain!' a typical phrase of Anglo-Indian argot, hence adopted as a concise alternative title for Yule and Burnell's admirable Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases (Lond. 1886).]

Hock, hok, n. and v. See Hough.

Hock, hok, n. properly, the wine made at Hochheim, Germany; now applied to all white Rhine wines.

Hock-day, hok′-dā, n. an old English festival held on the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter Sunday, one of the chief customs being the seizing and binding of passengers until they gave money for their liberty, Monday the men by the women, Tuesday the women by the men.—Also Hock′-tide.

Hockey, hok′i, n. a game at ball played with a club or stick curved at one end, shinty.—Also Hook′ey. [Prob. O. Fr. hoquet, a crook.]

Hockey, hok′i, n. (prov.) harvest-home, the harvest-supper.—Also Hawk′ey, Hork′ey.

Hockle, hok′l, v.t. to hamstring. [See Hough.]

Hocus-pocus, hō′kus-pō′kus, n. a juggler: a juggler's trick.—v.t. Hō′cus, to cheat: to stupefy with drink: to drug:—pr.p. hō′cussing; pa.p. hō′cussed. [The meaningless gibberish of a juggler—no reference to 'hoc est corpus.']

Hod, hod, n. a kind of trough borne on the shoulder, for carrying bricks and mortar: a coal-scuttle: a pewterer's blowpipe.—n. Hod′man, a man who carries a hod: a mason's labourer. [A variant of prov. hot; cf. Fr. hotte, a basket.]

Hoddengray, hod′n-grā, n. coarse cloth made of undyed wool.—adj. Hodd′en, wearing hoddengray: rustic.—n. hoddengray. [Prob. a form of holden, kept, reserved, and gray.]

Hoddle, hod′l, v.i. (Scot.) to waddle.

Hodge, hoj, n. a countryman, rustic. [Hodge, corr. from Roger.]

Hodgepodge, hoj′poj, n. (see Hotchpotch).—n. Hodge′-pudd′ing (Shak.), a pudding made of a mass of ingredients mixed together.

Hodiernal, hō-di-ėrn′al, adj. of or pertaining to the present day. [L. hodiernus—hodie, to-day—hoc die, on this day.]

Hodmandod, hod′man-dod, n. a snail, dodman.

Hodograph, hod′o-graf, n. a curve the radius vector of which represents in direction and magnitude the velocity of a moving particle—a term suggested by Sir W. R. Hamilton. [Gr. hodos, a way, graphein, to write.]

Hodometer, ho-dom′e-tėr, n. an instrument attached to the axle of a vehicle to register the revolutions of the wheels. [Gr. hodos, a way, metron, a measure.]

Hoe, hō, n. an instrument for hewing or digging up weeds and loosening the earth.—v.t. to cut or clean with a hoe: to weed.—v.i. to use a hoe:—pr.p. hoe′ing; pa.p. hoed.—ns. Hoe′-cake (U.S.), a thin cake of Indian meal; Hō′er.—A hard, or long, row to hoe, a hard or wearisome task to perform. [O. Fr. houe—Old High Ger. houwa (Ger. haue), a hoe.]

Hog, hog, n. a general name for swine: a castrated boar: a pig: formerly slang for a shilling: a low filthy fellow.—v.t. to cut short the hair of:—pr.p. hog′ging; pa.p. hogged.—ns. Hog′-back, Hog's′-back, a back rising in the middle: a ridge of a hill of such shape—also Horseback; Hog′gery, hoggishness of character: coarseness; Hog′get, a boar of the second year: a sheep or colt after it has passed its first year.—adj. Hog′gish, resembling a hog: brutish: filthy: selfish.—adv. Hog′gishly.—ns. Hog′gishness; Hog′hood, the nature of a hog; Hog′-mane, a horse's mane clipped short; Hog′-pen, a pig-sty; Hog′-plum, a West Indian tree of the cashew family, the fruit given to hogs; Hog′-reeve, -con′stable, an officer charged with the care of stray swine; Hog′-ring′er, one who puts rings into the snouts of hogs; Hog's′-bean, the henbane.—v.t. Hog′-shou′ther (Scot.), to jostle with the shoulder.—ns. Hog′-skin, leather made of the skin of swine; Hog's′-lard, the melted fat of the hog; Hog′-wash, the refuse of a kitchen, brewery, &c.—Bring one's hogs to a fine market, to make a complete mess of something; Go the whole hog, to do a thing thoroughly or completely, to commit one's self to anything unreservedly. [M. E. hogge, a gelded hog, prob. from hack, to cut; others derive from W. hwch, a sow, Bret. houch, hoch.]

Hog, hog, v.i. to droop at both ends.—n. Hog′-frame, a fore-and-aft frame serving to resist vertical flexure in a ship.—adj. Hogged, of a ship, having a droop at the ends.

Hog, hog, n. in curling, a stone which does not pass the hog-score.—v.t. to play such a shot with a curling-stone.—n. Hog′-score, a line drawn across the rink at a certain distance from the tees—to be cleared, else the shot does not count. [Prob. conn. with hog, a swine.]

Hog, Hogg, hog, n. a young sheep of the second year.—Also Hog′gerel.

Hogan, hog′an, n. a kind of strong liquor. [Corr. of hogen-mogen—Dut. hoog en mogend, high and mighty.]

Hogger, hog′er, n. (prov.) a coal-miner's footless stocking.—n. Hogg′er-pipe, the terminal section of the discharge-pipe of a mining-pump.

Hogmanay, hog-ma-nā′, n. (Scot.) the old name for the last day of the year. [Prob. a corr., through Norman French forms, of O. Fr. aguilanneuf=au-gui-l'an-neuf, 'to the mistletoe! the New Year!' Fr. gui, mistletoe, is from L. viscum.]

Hogshead, hogz′hed, n. (Shak.) a large cask: a measure of capacity=52½ imperial gallons, or 63 old wine gallons; of beer=54 gallons; of claret=46 gallons; of tobacco (U.S.), varying from 750 to 1200 lb. [Corr. of Old Dut. okshoofd, ox-head; from the brand on the cask.]

Hoiden. See Hoyden.

Hoise, hoiz, v.t. to hoist.

Hoist, hoist, v.t. to lift: to raise with tackle: to heave.—n. act of lifting: the height of a sail: an apparatus for lifting heavy bodies to the upper stories of a building.—Hoist with one's own petard, beaten with one's own weapons, caught in one's own trap. [Formerly hoise, or hoyse—Old Dut. hyssen, Dut. hijsschen, to hoist.]

Hoity-toity, hoi′ti-toi′ti, interj. an exclamation of surprise or disapprobation.—adj. giddy, gay, noisy.

Hoky-poky, hō′ki-pō′ki, n. a kind of ice-cream sold on the streets. [From hocus-pocus.]

Holarctic, hol-ärk′tik, adj. entirely arctic.

Hold, hōld, v.t. to keep possession of or authority over: to sustain: to defend: to maintain, support: to occupy: to derive title to: to bind: to confine: to restrain: to stop, as in 'to cry hold:' to continue: to persist in: to contain: to celebrate: to esteem: (Shak.) to endure: (arch.) to bet.—v.i. to remain fixed: to be true or unfailing: to continue unbroken or unsubdued: to adhere: to derive right:—pr.p. hōld′ing; pa.t. held; pa.p. held (obs. hōld′en).—n. act or manner of holding: seizure: power of seizing: something for support: a place of confinement: custody: a fortified place: (mus.) a mark over a rest or note, indicating that it is to be prolonged.—ns. Hold′-all, a general receptacle, esp. a big carpet-bag; Hold′-back, a check: a strap joining the breeching to the shaft of a vehicle; Hold′-beam, one of the beams crossing a ship's hold and strengthening the framework.—Hold′en (B.), old pa.p. of hold.—ns. Hold′er; Hold′-fast, that which holds fast: a long nail: a catch; Hold′ing, anything held: a farm held of a superior: hold: influence: (Scots law) tenure.—Hold forth, to put forward: show: to speak in public, to declaim; Hold hard! stop! Hold in, to restrain, check: to restrain one's self; Hold of (Pr. Bk.), to regard; Hold off, to keep at a distance; Hold on, to persist in something: to continue: to cling; Hold one in hand, to amuse in order to gain some advantage; Hold one's own, to maintain one's position; Hold one's peace, Hold one's tongue, to keep silence; Hold out, to endure, last; Hold over, to postpone, to keep possession of land or a house beyond the term of agreement; Hold the market (see Market); Hold together, to remain united: to cohere; Hold up, to raise: to continue to go at the same rate; Hold water, to be sound and firm, to endure trial; Hold with, to take sides with. [A.S. healdan; Old High Ger. haltan, Goth. haldan.]

Hold, hōld, n. the interior cavity of a ship between the floor and the lower deck, used for the cargo. [Dut. hol, a cavity or hole, with excrescent d.]

Hole, hōl, n. a hollow place: a cavity: an opening in a solid body: a pit: a subterfuge: a means of escape: a difficult situation: a scrape: a place of hiding, a mean lodging, a secret room for some disreputable business: (golf) one of the holes, 4 in. in diameter, into which the ball is played, also the distance between any two holes.—v.t. to form holes in: to drive into a hole.—v.i. to go into a hole.—adj. Hole′-and-cor′ner, secret: underhand.—ns. Hōling-axe, a narrow axe for cutting holes in posts; Hōling-pick, a pick used in under-cutting coal.—A hole in one's coat, a stain on a person's reputation; Put a person in a hole, to put him in a position from which he cannot easily extricate himself; Toad in the hole, meat baked in batter, &c. [A.S. hol, a hole, cavern; Dut. hol, Dan. hul, Ger. hohl, hollow; conn. with Gr. koilos, hollow.]

Hole, adj. (Spens.) whole.

Holibut. See Halibut.

Holiday, hol′i-dā, n. a consecrated day: a religious festival: a day for the commemoration of some event: a day of idleness and amusement.—adj. befitting a holiday: cheerful.—Holiday speeches, fine but empty phrases. [Formerly holy day.]

Holla, hol′a, Hollo, Holloa, hol′ō, or hol-lō′, interj. ho, there! attend! (naut.) the usual response to 'Ahoy!'—n. a loud shout.—v.i. to cry loudly to one at a distance. [Fr. holà—ho and là—L. illac, there; the other forms are due to confusion with halloo.]

Holland, hol′and, n. a coarse linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, which is used for covering furniture, &c.: (orig.) a fine kind of linen first made in Holland.

Hollander, hol′and-ėr, n. a native of Holland.—adj. Holl′andish.—n. Holl′ands, gin made in Holland.

Hollow, hol′ō, adj. vacant: not solid: containing an empty space: sunken: unsound: insincere.—n. a hole: a cavity: any depression in a body: any vacuity: a groove: a channel.—v.t. to make a hole in: to make hollow by digging: to excavate.—adv. completely: clean.—adjs. Holl′ow-eyed, having sunken eyes; Holl′ow-heart′ed, having a hollow or untrue heart: faithless: treacherous.—adv. Holl′owly (Shak.), in a hollow or insincere manner.—ns. Holl′owness, the state of being hollow: cavity: insincerity: treachery; Holl′ow-ware, trade name for hollow articles of iron, as pots and kettles.—Beat hollow, to beat wholly. [A.S. holh, a hollow place—hol. See Hole.]

Holly, hol′i, n. an evergreen shrub having leathery, shining, and spinous leaves and scarlet or yellow berries, much used for Christmas decorations. [A.S. holegn; cf. W. celyn, Ir. cuileann.]

Hollyhock, hol′i-hok, n. a kind of mallow, brought into Europe from the Holy Land—(Bacon) Holl′y-oak. [M. E. holihoc—holi, holy, and A.S. hoc, mallows—Celtic, cf. W. hocys.]

Holm, hōlm, or hōm, n. a river-islet: rich flat land beside a river. [A.S. holm, orig. a mound; Ger. holm, &c.]

Holm, hōlm, or hōm, n. (Spens.) holly.—n. Holm′-oak, the ilex or evergreen oak, so called from some resemblance to the holly. [Holm- is a corr. of holin, the M. E. form of holly, which see.]

Holoblastic, hol-o-blas′tik, adj. undergoing segmentation throughout the entire mass, as the ova of mammals.

Holocaust, hol′o-kawst, n. a burnt sacrifice, in which the whole of the victim was consumed. [L.,—Gr. holokauston—holos, whole, kaustos, burnt.]

Holocryptic, hol-o-krip′tik, adj. concealing completely, undecipherable.

Holograph, hol′o-graf, n. a document wholly written by the person from whom it proceeds (also used as adj.).—adj. Holograph′ic. [Gr. holos, whole, graphein, to write.]

Holohedrism, hol-o-hē′drizm, n. (math.) the property of having the full number of symmetrically arranged planes crystallographically possible.—adj. Holohē′dral.—n. Holohē′dron, a form possessing this property. [Gr. holos, whole, hedra, base.]

Holometabolic, hol-o-met-a-bol′ik, adj. undergoing complete metamorphosis, as an insect—opp. of Ametabolic.

Holometer, hol-om′et-ėr, n. an instrument for taking all kinds of measures. [Gr. holos, whole, metron, measure.]

Holomorphic, hol-o-mor′fik, adj. (math.) having the properties of an entire function, being finite, continuous, and one-valued for all finite values of the variable: showing holohedral symmetry. [Gr. holos, whole, morphē, form.]

Holophote, hol′o-fōt, n. an improved optical apparatus now used in lighthouses, by which all the light from the lamp is thrown in the required direction, in the catoptric holophote by reflectors, in the dioptric by refracting lenses, in the catadioptric by both combined.—adj. Holophōt′al. [Gr. holos, whole, phōs, phōtos, light.]

Holophrastic, hol-o-fras′tik, adj. bearing the force of a whole phrase, expressive of a sentence or an idea.—n. Holophrā′sis. [Gr. holos, whole, phrastikos, phrazein, to indicate.]

Holorhinal, hol-o-rī′nal, adj. having the nasal bones slightly cleft or not at all. [Gr. holos, whole, hris, hrinos, the nose.]

Holothurian, hol-o-thōō′ri-an, n. a sea-cucumber or similar echinoderm. [L.,—Gr. holothourion, from holos, whole, and perh. thouros, impetuous.]

Holp, hōlp, Holpen, hōlp′n, old pa.t. and pa.p. of help.

Holster, hōl′stėr, n. the leathern case carried by a horseman at the forepart of the saddle for covering a pistol.—adj. Hol′stered. [Acc. to Skeat, from Dut. holster, a pistol-case—hullen, to cover, which is cog. with A.S. helan, to cover.]

Holt, hōlt, n. a wood or woody hill: an orchard. [A.S. holt, a wood; Ice. holt, a copse, Ger. holz.]

Holus-bolus, hōl′us-bōl′us, adv. all at a gulp: altogether.—n. the whole. [A vulgarism, formed from whole, most likely on the analogy of hocus-pocus; hardly conn. with bolus, a pill.]

Holy, hō′li, adj. perfect in a moral sense: pure in heart: religious: set apart to a sacred use.—adv. Hō′lily, in a holy manner: piously.—n. Hō′liness, state of being holy: religious goodness: sanctity: a title of the pope.—adj. Hō′ly-cru′el (Shak.), cruel through excess of holiness.—ns. Hō′ly-day, a formal spelling of holiday (q.v.); Hō′ly-off′ice, the Inquisition; Hō′ly-rood, the holy cross in R.C. churches over the entrance to the chancel; Hō′lystone, a sandstone used by seamen for cleansing the decks, said to be named from cleaning the decks for Sunday.—v.t. to scrub with a holystone.—ns. Hō′ly-Thurs′day, the day on which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated, ten days before Whitsuntide; Hō′ly-wa′ter, water blessed by the priest or bishop for certain religious uses; Hō′ly-week, the week before Easter, kept holy to commemorate our Lord's passion; Hō′ly-writ, the holy writings: the Scriptures.—Holy Alliance, a league formed after the fall of Napoleon (1815) by the sovereigns of Austria Russia, and Prussia, professedly to regulate all national and international relations in accordance with the principles of Christian charity; Holy city, Jerusalem: also specially applied to Rome, Mecca, Benares, Allahabad, &c.; Holy coat, the seamless coat of Jesus, claimed to be kept at Trèves; Holy communion (see Communion); Holy Family, the infant Saviour with Joseph, Mary, &c.; Holy Ghost, Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, proceeding from the Father and the Son; Holy grail (see Grail); Holy grass, a sweet-smelling grass about a foot high, with a brownish glossy lax panicle—sometimes strewed on the floors of churches on festival days, whence its name; Holy land, Palestine; Holy of holies, The most holy place, the inner chamber of the Jewish tabernacle, which the high-priest alone might enter, and but once a year; Holy One, God: Christ: the one who is holy, by way of emphasis: one separated to the service of God; Holy orders, ordination to the rank of minister in holy things: the Christian ministry; Holy places, scenes of the Saviour's life, the sepulchre, &c.; Holy quest, the search for the Holy grail; Holy Roman Empire, the official denomination of the German Empire from 962 down to 1806, when Francis II. of Hapsburg resigned the imperial title; Holy war, a name impiously given to a war for the extirpation of heresy, as that against the Albigenses, &c.: one of the Crusades. [A.S. hálig, lit. whole, perfect, healthy—hál, sound, whole; conn. with hail, heal, whole.]

Holywell, hol′i-wel, in phrase, 'Holywell Street literature,' i.e. such books as used to be much sold in Holywell Street, London—viz. filthy books.

Homage, hom′āj, n. the service due from a knight or vassal to his lord in feudal times, the vassal preferring to become his lord's man: the act of fealty: respect paid by external action: reverence directed to the Supreme Being: devout affection.—n. Hom′ager, one who does homage. [O. Fr. homage—Low L. homaticum—L. homo, a man.]

Home, hōm, n. one's house or country: place of constant residence: the residence of a family: the seat, as of war: a charitable institution where domestic comforts are given to the destitute.—adj. pertaining to one's dwelling or country: domestic: close: severe.—adv. pertaining to one's habitation or country: close: closely: to the point: effectively.—adjs. Home′-born, native, not foreign; Home′bound, homeward-bound; Home′-bred, bred at home: native: domestic: plain: unpolished; Home′-brewed, brewed at home or for home use.—n. Home′-farm, the farm near the home or mansion of a gentleman.—adjs. Home′felt, felt in one's own breast: inward: private; Home′-grown, produced in one's own country, not imported; Home′-keep′ing, staying at home; Home′less, without a home.—n. Home′lessness,—adv. Home′lily.—n. Home′liness.—adjs. Home′ly, pertaining to home: familiar: plain; Home′-made, made at home: made in one's own country: plain.—n. Hom′er, a pigeon trained to fly home from a distance.—adj. Home′sick, sick or grieved at separation from home.—n. Home′sickness.—adj. Home′spun, spun or wrought at home: not made in foreign countries: plain: inelegant.—n. cloth made at home.—ns. Home′stall, Home′stead, the place of a mansion-house: the enclosures immediately connected with it: original station.—advs. Home′ward, Home′wards, towards home: towards one's habitation or country.—adj. in the direction of home.—adj. Home′ward-bound, bound homeward or to one's native land.—adjs. Hom′ing, having a tendency to return home; Hom′y, home-like.—Home circuit, the south-eastern circuit of Assize, including the home counties (except Middlesex), also Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk; Home counties, the counties over and into which London has extended—Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey; Home Department, that part of government which is concerned with the maintenance of the internal peace of the United Kingdom—its headquarters the Home Office, its official head the Home Secretary; Home rule, a form of self-government claimed by Ireland, with a separate parliament for the management of internal affairs.—At home, in one's own house: at ease: familiar: a phrase signifying that a family will be at home at a fixed date, and ready to receive visitors—as a n.—a reception; Bring home to, to prove to, in such a way that there is no way of escaping the conclusion: to impress upon; Eat out of house and home, to live at the expense of another so as to ruin him; Long home, the grave; Make one's self at home, to be as free and unrestrained as when in one's own house; Pay home, to strike to the quick: to retaliate. [A.S. hám; Dut. and Ger. heim, Goth. haims.]

Homelyn, hom′el-in, n. a species of ray, found on the south coast of England.

Homeopathy, hō-me-op′a-thi, n. the system of curing diseases by small quantities of those drugs which excite symptoms similar to those of the disease.—ns. Hō′meopath, Homeop′athist, one who believes in or practises homeopathy.—adj. Homeopath′ic, of or pertaining to homeopathy.—adv. Homeopath′ically. [Gr. homoiopatheia—homoios, like, pathos, feeling.]

Homeoplasy, hō-mē-ō-plās′i, n. the taking on by one tissue of the form of another under plastic conditions, as in skin-grafting.—adj. Homeoplast′ic [Gr. homoios, like, plastos—plassein, to form.]

Homer, hō′mėr, n. a Hebrew measure of capacity, amounting to about 10 bushels and 3 gallons. [Heb. khōmer, a heap—khāmar, to swell up.]

Homeric, hō-mer′ik, adj. pertaining to Homer, the great poet of Greece (c. 850 B.C.): pertaining to or resembling the poetry of Homer.—Homeric verse, hexameter verse, the metre of the Iliad and Odyssey.

Homicide, hom′i-sīd, n. manslaughter: one who kills another.—adj. Hom′icidal, pertaining to homicide: murderous: bloody. [Fr.,—L. homicidium—homo, a man, cædĕre, to kill.]

Homily, hom′i-li, n. a plain expository sermon, interpreting a passage of Scripture rather than working out a doctrine in detail: a hortatory discourse, essentially simple, practical, and scriptural.—adjs. Homilet′ic, -al.—n. Homilet′ics, the science which treats of homilies, and the best mode of preparing and delivering them.—n. Hom′ilist, one who exhorts a congregation, or who composes homilies. [Gr. homilia, an assembly, a sermon—homos, the same, ilē, a crowd.]

Hominy, hom′i-ni, n. maize hulled, or hulled and crushed, boiled with water: a kind of Indian-corn porridge. [American Indian auhuminea.]

Hommock, hom′uk, n. a hillock or small conical eminence.—Also Humm′ock. [A dim. of hump, like hillock from hill.]

Homo, hō′mō, n. generic man. [L.]

Homobaric, hō-mō-bar′ik, adj. of uniform weight. [Gr. homos, the same, baros, weight.]

Homoblastic, hō-mō-blas′tik, adj. of the same germinal origin:—opp. of Heteroblastic. [Gr. homos, the same, blastos, a germ.]

Homocentric, hō-mō-sen′trik, adj. having the same centre. [Fr. homocentrique—Gr. homokentros—homos, the same, kentron, centre.]

Homocercal, hō-mō-sėr′kal, adj. having the upper fork of the tail similar to the lower one, as the herring:—opposed to Heterocercal. [Gr. homos, the same, kerkos, tail.]

Homodermic, hō-mō-derm′ik, adj. homological in respect of derivation from one of the three primary blastoderms (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). [Gr. homos, the same, derma, skin.]

Homodont, hō-mō-dont, adj. having teeth all alike:—opp. of Heterodont.

Homodromous, hō-mod′rō-mus, adj. (bot.) following the same direction, as the leaf-spirals on certain branches: (obs.) having the power and the weight on the same side of the fulcrum, of a lever. [Gr. homos, the same, dromos, a course.]

Homœomorphous, hō-mē-ō-mor′fus, adj. having a like crystalline form, but not necessarily analogous composition.—n. Homœomor′phism. [Gr. homoios, like, morphē, form.]

Homœopathy, &c. See Homeopathy.

Homœozoic, hō-mē-ō-zō′ik, adj. containing similar forms of life. [Gr. homos, the same, zōē, life.]

Homogamous, ho-mog′a-mus, adj. (bot.) having all the florets hermaphrodite.—n. Homog′amy. [Gr. homos, the same, gamos, marriage.]

Homogeneal, hō-mō-jē′ni-al, Homogeneous, hō-mōjē′ni-us, adj. of the same kind or nature: having the constituent elements all similar.—ns. Homoge′neousness, Homogenē′ity, Homō′geny, sameness of nature or kind. [Gr. homogenēs—homos, one, same, genos, kind.]

Homogenesis, hō-mō-jen′e-sis, n. (biol.) a mode of reproduction in which the offspring is like the parent, and passes through the same cycle of existence.—adj. Homogenet′ic. [Gr. homos, the same, genesis, birth.]

Homograph, hom′ō-graf, n. a word of the same form as another, but different meaning and origin.—Also Homonym.

Homoiousian, hō-moi-ōō′si-an, adj. similar in essence (as distinct from the Nicene homo-ousion and the strictly Arian hetero-ousion), the semi-Arian position in the great Christological controversy of the 4th century (see Arian). [Gr. homoios, like, ousia, being—einai, to be.]

Homologate, hō-mol′o-gāt, v.t. to say the same: to agree: to approve: to allow.—n. Homologā′tion. [Low L. homologāre, -ātum—Gr. homologein—homos, the same, legein, to say.]

Homologous, hō-mol′o-gus, adj. agreeing: corresponding in relative position, proportion, value, or structure.—adj. Homolog′ical.—v.t. and v.i. Homol′ogise.—ns. Hom′ologue, that which is homologous to something else, as the same organ in different animals under its various forms and functions; Homol′ogy, the quality of being homologous: affinity of structure, and not of form or use. [Gr. homologos—homos, the same, legein, to say.]

Homologumena, hō-mō-lō-gōō′me-na, n.pl. the books of the New Testament, whose authenticity was universally acknowledged in the early Church—opp. of Antilegumena. [Gr.,—homologein, to agree.]

Homomorphous, hō-mō-mor′fus, adj. analogous, not homologous, superficially alike—also Homomor′phic.—n. Homomor′phism. [Gr. homos, the same, morphē, form.]

Homonym, hom′o-nim, n. a word having the same sound as another, but a different meaning.—adj. Homon′ymous, having the same name: having different significations: ambiguous: equivocal.—adv. Homon′ymously.—n. Homon′ymy, sameness of name, with difference of meaning: ambiguity: equivocation. [Fr. homonyme—Gr. homōnymos—homos, the same, onoma, name.]

Homoousian, hō-mō-ōō′si-an, adj. of or belonging to identity or sameness of substance—the co-equality of the Son with the Father—the orthodox position which triumphed in the great Christological controversy of the 4th century (see Arian). [Gr. homos, same, ousia, being—einai, to be.]

Homophone, hom′o-fōn, n. a letter or character having the same sound as another.—adj. Homoph′onous, having the same sound.—n. Homoph′ony. [Gr. homos, the same, phōnē, sound.]

Homoplastic, hō-mō-plas′tik, adj. analogical or adaptive, and not homological in structure.—ns. Hom′ōplasmy, Hom′ōplasy. [Gr. homos, the same, plastos, plassein, to form.]

Homoptera, hom-op′tėr-a, n. an order of insects having two pair of wings uniform throughout.—adj. Homop′terous. [Gr. homos, the same, pteron, a wing.]

Homotaxis, hom′o-tak′sis; n. (geol.) similarity of order in organic succession, a term suggested by Huxley as a substitute for contemporaneity (q.v.).—adjs. Homotax′ial, Homotax′ic.—adv. Homotax′ically. [Gr. homos, the same, taxis, arrangement.]

Homotonous, hō-mot′ō-nus, adj. of the same tenor or tone.—n. Homot′ony.

Homotropous, hō-mot′rō-pus, adj. turned or directed in the same way as something else: (bot.) curved or turned in one direction.—Also Homot′ropal. [Gr. homos, the same, tropos, a turn.]

Homotype, hom′o-tīp, n. that which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else.—n. Hom′otypy. [Gr. homos, the same, typos, type.]

Homunculus, hō-mung′kū-lus, n. a tiny man capable of being produced artificially, according to Paracelsus, endowed with magical insight and power: a dwarf, mannikin. [L., dim. of homo.]

Hone, hōn, n. a stone of a fine grit for sharpening instruments.—v.t. to sharpen as on a hone. [A.S. hán; Ice. hein; allied to Gr. kōnos, a cone.]

Hone, hōn, v.i. to pine, moan, grieve. [Perh. Fr. hogner, to grumble.]

Honest, on′est, adj. full of honour: just: the opposite of thievish, free from fraud: frank, fair-seeming, openly shown: chaste: (B.) honourable.—adv. Hon′estly.—n. Hon′esty, the state of being honest: integrity: candour: a small flowering plant, so called from its transparent seed-pouch: (B.) becoming deportment: (Shak.) chastity.—Make an honest woman of, to marry, where the woman has been dishonoured first. [Fr.,—L. honestus—honor.]

Honey, hun′i, n. a sweet, thick fluid collected by bees from the flowers of plants: anything sweet like honey.—v.t. to sweeten: to make agreeable:—pr.p. hon′eying; pa.p. hon′eyed (-′id).—adj. (Shak.) sweet.—ns. Hon′ey-bag, an enlargement of the alimentary canal of the bee in which it carries its load of honey; Hon′eybear, a South American carnivorous mammal about the size of a cat, with a long protrusive tongue, which it uses to rob the nests of wild bees; Hon′ey-bee, the hive-bee; Hon′ey-buzz′ard, a genus of buzzards or falcons, so called from their feeding on bees, wasps, &c.; Hon′eycomb, a comb or mass of waxy cells formed by bees, in which they store their honey: anything like a honeycomb.—v.t. to fill with cells: to perforate.—adj. Hon′eycombed (-kōmd), formed like a honeycomb.—ns. Hon′ey-crock (Spens.), a crock or pot of honey; Hon′eydew, a sugary secretion from the leaves of plants in hot weather: a fine sort of tobacco moistened with molasses.—adjs. Hon′eyed, Hon′ied, covered with honey: sweet: flattering; Hon′eyless, destitute of honey.—ns. Hon′ey-guide, -indicator, a genus of African birds supposed to guide men to honey by hopping from tree to tree with a peculiar cry; Hon′ey-lō′cust, an ornamental North American tree; Hon′eymoon, Hon′eymonth, the first month after marriage, commonly spent in travelling, before settling down to the business of life.—v.i. to keep one's honeymoon.—adj. Hon′ey-mouthed, having a honeyed mouth or speech: soft or smooth in speech.—ns. Hon′ey-stalk, prob. the flower of the clover; Hon′ey-suck′er, a large family of Australian birds; Hon′eysuckle, a climbing shrub with beautiful cream-coloured flowers, so named because honey is readily sucked from the flower.—adjs. Hon′ey-sweet, sweet as honey; Hon′ey-tongued, having a honeyed tongue or speech: soft or pleasing in speech.—Virgin honey, honey that flows of itself from the comb; Wild honey, honey made by wild bees. [A.S. hunig; Ger. honig, Ice. hunang.]

Hong, hong, n. a Chinese warehouse: a foreign mercantile establishment in China. [Chin.]

Honiton lace. See Lace.

Honk, hongk, n. the cry of the wild goose.—v.t. to give the cry of the wild goose. [Imit.]

Honorarium, hon′or-ā′ri-um, n. a voluntary fee paid, esp. to a professional man for his services. [L. honorarium (donum), honorary (gift).]

Honorary, on′or-ar-i, adj. conferring honour: holding a title or office without performing services or receiving a reward.—n. a fee. [L. honorarius—honor.]

Honour, on′or, n. the esteem due or paid to worth: respect: high estimation: veneration, said of God: that which rightfully attracts esteem: exalted rank: distinction: excellence of character: nobleness of mind: any special virtue much esteemed: any mark of esteem: a title of respect: (pl.) privileges of rank or birth: civilities paid: at whist, one of the four highest trump cards (if one pair of partners hold four honours they score four points; if three, two points; if only two, none—'Honours easy'): (golf) the right to play first from the tee: academic prizes or distinctions.—v.t. to hold in high esteem: to respect: to adore: to exalt: to accept and pay when due.—adj. Hon′ourable, worthy of honour: illustrious: actuated by principles of honour: conferring honour: becoming men of exalted station: a title of distinction.—n. Hon′ourableness, eminence: conformity to the principles of honour: fairness.—adv. Hon′ourably.—adjs. Hon′oured; Hon′ourless.—n. Hon′our-point (her.), the point just above the fesse-point.—Honour bright! a kind of interjectional minor oath or appeal to honour; Honours of war, the privileges granted to a capitulating force to march out with their arms, flags, &c.—Affair of honour, a duel; Debt of honour (see Debt); Last honours, funeral rites: obsequies; Laws of honour, the conventional rules of honourable conduct, esp. in the causes and conduct of duels; Maid of honour, a lady in the service of a queen or princess; Point of honour, any scruple caused by a sense of duty: the obligation to demand and to receive satisfaction for an insult, esp. in the duel; Upon my honour, an appeal to one's honour or reputation in support of a certain statement; Word of honour, a verbal promise which cannot be broken without disgrace. [Fr.,—L. honor.]

Hood, hood, n. a covering for the head: anything resembling such: a folding roof for a carriage: an ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown, and worn over it.—v.t. to cover with a hood: to blind.—adj. Hood′ed.—n. Hood′ie-crow, the hooded crow (Corvus cornix).—adj. Hood′less, having no hood.—ns. Hood′man, the person blindfolded in blindman's buff; Hood′man-blind (Shak.), blindman's buff. [A.S. hód; Dut. hoed, Ger. hut.]

Hoodlum, hōōd′lum, n. (U.S.) a rowdy, street bully.

Hoodock, hood′ok, adj. (Scot.) miserly.

Hoodwink, hood′wingk, v.t. to blindfold: (Shak.) to cover: to deceive, impose on. [Hood, wink.]

Hoof, hōōf, n. the horny substance on the feet of certain animals, as horses, &c.: a hoofed animal:—pl. Hoofs, Hooves.—v.i. (of a hoofed animal) to walk.—adjs. Hoof′-bound, having a contraction of the hoof causing lameness; Hoofed; Hoof′less, without hoofs,—n. Hoof-mark, the mark of an animal's hoof on the ground, &c.—adj. Hoof′-shaped.—Cloven hoof (see Cloven). [A.S. hóf; Ger. huf, Ice. hófr.]

Hook, hook, n. a piece of metal bent into a curve, so as to catch or hold anything: a snare: an advantageous hold: a curved instrument for cutting grain: a spit of land projecting into the sea, ending in a hook-shaped form.—v.t. to catch or hold with a hook: to draw as with a hook: to ensnare: (golf) to drive a ball widely to the left—also Draw.—v.i. to bend: to be curved.—adj. Hooked.—ns. Hook′edness, the state of being bent like a hook; Hook′er, he who, or that which, hooks.—adj. Hook′-nosed, having a hooked or curved nose.—n. Hook′-pin, an iron pin with hooked head used for pinning the frame of a floor or roof together.—adj. Hook′y, full of, or pertaining to, hooks.—Hook and eye, a contrivance for fastening dresses by means of a hook made to fasten on a ring or eye on another part of the dress; Hook it (slang), to decamp, make off.—By hook or by crook, one way or the other; Off the hooks, out of gear: superseded: dead; On one's own hook, on one's own responsibility. [A.S. hóc; Dut. haak, Ger. haken.]

Hookah, Hooka, hōō′ka, n. the water tobacco-pipe of Arabs, Turks, &c. [Ar. huqqa.]

Hooker, hook′ėr, n. a two-masted Dutch vessel, a small fishing-smack. [Dut. hoeker.]

Hooligan, hoo′li-gan, n. one of a gang of street roughs, addicted to crimes of violence—Hoo′liganism. [From the name of a leader of such a gang.]

Hooly, hōōl′i, adv. (Scot.) softly, carefully—also adj.

Hoop, hōōp, n. a pliant strip of wood or metal formed into a ring or band, for holding together the staves of casks, &c.: something resembling such: a large ring of wood or metal for a child to trundle: a ring: (pl.) elastic materials used to expand the skirt of a lady's dress.—v.t. to bind with hoops: to encircle.—ns. Hoop′-ash, a kind of ash much used for making hoops (same as Nettle-tree); Hooped′-pot, a drinking-pot with hoops to mark the amount each man should drink; Hoop′er, one who hoops casks: a cooper. [A.S. hóp; Dut. hoep.]

Hoop, hōōp, v.i. to call out.—n. Hoop′er, the wild swan. [Whoop.]

Hooping-cough. See under Whoop.

Hoopoe, hōōp′ō, Hoopoo, hōōp′ōō, n. a genus of crested birds allied to the hornbills. [L. upupa; Gr. epops.]

Hoot, hōōt, v.i. to shout in contempt: to cry like an owl.—v.t. to drive with cries of contempt.—n. a scornful cry: the owl's cry. [Imit.; cf. Sw. hut, begone; W. hwt.]

Hoove, hōōv, n. a disease of cattle and sheep, marked by distention of the abdomen by gas—also Wind-dropsy, Drum-belly.—adjs. Hoov′en, Hō′ven.

Hop, hop, v.i. to leap on one leg: to spring: to walk lame: to limp:—pr.p. hop′ping; pa.t. and pa.p. hopped.—n. a leap on one leg: a jump: a spring: a dance, dancing-party.—ns. Hop′-o'-my-thumb, the diminutive hero of one of Madame D'Aulnoy's famous nursery tales—'le petit pouce,' not to be confounded with the English Tom Thumb; Hop′per, one who hops: a shaking or conveying receiver, funnel, or trough in which something is placed to be passed or fed, as to a mill: a boat having a movable part in its bottom for emptying a dredging-machine: a vessel in which seed-corn is carried for sowing; Hop′ping, the act of one who hops or leaps on one leg; Hop′-scotch, a game in which children hop over lines scotched or traced on the ground.—Hop, skip, and jump, a leap on one leg, a skip, and a jump with both legs; Hop the twig (slang), to escape one's creditors: to die. [A.S. hoppian, to dance; Ger. hüpfen.]

Hop, hop, n. a plant with a long twining stalk, the bitter cones of which are much used in brewing and in medicine.—v.t. to mix with hops.—v.i. to gather hops:—pr.p. hop′ping; pa.t. and pa.p. hopped.—ns. Hop′bind (corrupted into Hopbine), the stalk of the hop; Hop′-flea, a small coleopterous insect, very destructive to hop plantations in spring; Hop′-fly, a species of Aphis, or plant-louse, injurious to hop plantations; Hop′-oast, a kiln for drying hops.—adj. Hopped, impregnated with hops.—ns. Hop′per, Hop′-pick′er, one who picks hops; a mechanical contrivance for stripping hops from the vines; Hop′ping, the act of gathering hops: the time of the hop harvest; Hop′-pock′et, a coarse sack for hops—as a measure, about 1½ cwt. of hops; Hop′-pole, a slender pole supporting a hop-vine.—adj. Hop′py, tasting of hops.—ns. Hop′-tree, an American shrub, with bitter fruit, a poor substitute for hops; Hop′-vine, the stock or stem of the hop; Hop′-yard, a field where hops are grown. [Dut. hop; Ger. hopfen.]

Hope, hōp, v.i. to cherish a desire of good with expectation of obtaining it: to have confidence.—v.t. to desire with expectation or with belief in the prospect of obtaining.—n. a desire of some good, with expectation of obtaining it: confidence: anticipation: he who, or that which, furnishes ground of expectation: that which is hoped for.—adj. Hope′ful, full of hope: having qualities which excite hope: promising good or success.—adv. Hope′fully.—n. Hope′fulness.—adj. Hope′less, without hope: giving no ground to expect good or success: desperate.—adv. Hope′lessly.—n. Hope′lessness.—adv. Hōp′ingly.—Hope against hope, to continue to hope when there is no sufficient reason. [A.S. hopian—hopa, hope; Dut. hopen, Ger. hoffen.]

Hope, hōp, n. a hollow, a mound: the upper end of a narrow mountain-valley: a comb—common in north country place-names.

Hoplite, hop′līt, n. a heavy-armed Greek foot-soldier. [Gr. hoplitēs.]

Hopple, hop′l, v.t. to tie the feet close together to prevent hopping or running.—n. (chiefly in pl.) a fetter for horses, &c., when left to graze. [A parallel form to hobble, a freq. of hop.]

Horal, hōr′al, adj. relating to an hour.—adj. Hor′ary, pertaining to an hour: noting the hours: hourly: continuing an hour. [L. hora, an hour.]

Horatian, hō-rā′shan, adj. pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet (65-8 B.C.), or to his style.

Horde, hōrd, n. a migratory or wandering tribe or clan.—v.i. to live together as a horde.—Golden horde (see Golden). [Fr.,—Turk. ordū, camp—Pers. ōrdū, court, camp, horde of Tatars.]

Hordeum, hor′dē-um, n. a genus of plants of order Gramineæ, with twelve species.—adj. Hordeā′ceous, barley-like.—n. Hordē′olum, a sty on the edge of the eyelid. [L., barley.]

Horehound. See Hoarhound.

Horizon, ho-rī′zun, n. the circular line formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and sky—in astronomical phrase, the sensible, apparent, or visible horizon, as opposed to the astronomical, true, or rational horizon, the circle formed by a plane passing through the centre of the earth, parallel to the sensible horizon, and produced to meet the heavens: (geol.) a stratum marked by the presence of a particular fossil not found in the overlying or underlying beds: any level line or surface: the limit of one's experience or apprehension.—adj. Horizon′tal, pertaining to the horizon: parallel to the horizon: level: near the horizon: measured in a plane of the horizon.—n. Horizontal′ity.—adv. Horizon′tally.—Artificial horizon, a small trough containing quicksilver, the surface of which affords a reflection of the celestial bodies. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. horizōn (kyklos), bounding (circle), horizein, to bound—horos, a limit.]

Horn, horn, n. the hard substance projecting from the heads of certain animals, as oxen, &c.: something made of or like a horn, as a powder-horn, a drinking-horn: a symbol of strength: (mus.) a hunting-horn: an orchestral wind-instrument of the trumpet class, with a slender twisted brass tube and bell mouth—also distinctively French horn.—v.t. to furnish with horns.—adj. Horned.—ns. Horn′beak, the garfish; Horn′beam, a tree of Europe and America, the hard white wood of which is used by joiners, &c.; Horn′bill, a bird about the size of the turkey, having a horny excrescence on its bill; Horn′book, a first book for children, which formerly consisted of a single leaf set in a frame, with a thin plate of transparent horn in front to preserve it; Horn′-bug, a common North American beetle; Horned′-horse, the gnu; Horned′-owl, Horn′owl, a species of owl, so called from two tufts of feathers on its head, like horns; Horn′er, one who works or deals in horns: a trumpeter.—adj. Horn′-foot′ed, having a hoof or horn on the foot.—ns. Horn′-gate, one of the two gates of Dreams, through which pass those visions that come true, while out of the ivory-gate pass the unreal; Horn′ie, the devil, usually represented with horns; Horn′ing, appearance of the moon when in its crescent form: (U.S.) a mock serenade with tin horns and any discordant instruments by way of showing public disapproval.—adjs. Horn′ish, like horn: hard; Horn′less, without horns.—n. Horn′let, a little horn.—adj. Horn′-mad, mad with rage, as the cuckold at the moment of discovery.—ns. Hornmad′ness (Browning); Horn′-mak′er (Shak.), a cuckold-maker; Horn′-mer′cury, mercurous chloride or calomel; Horn′-sil′ver, silver chloride; Horn′stone, a stone much like flint, but more brittle [horn and stone]; Horn′work (fort.), an outwork having angular points or horns, and composed of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain; Horn′wrack, the sea-mat or lemon-weed.—adjs. Horn′y, like horn: hard: callous; Horn′y-hand′ed, with hands hardened by toil.—Horn of plenty, the symbol of plenty, carried by Ceres in her left arm, filled to overflowing with fruits and flowers (see Cornucopia); Horns of a dilemma (see Dilemma); Horns of the altar, the projections at the four corners of the Hebrew altar, to which the victim was bound when about to be sacrificed.—Letters of horning (Scots law), letters running in the sovereign's name, and passing the signet, instructing messengers-at-arms to charge the debtor to pay, on his failure a caption or warrant for his apprehension being granted; Pull, or Draw, in one's horns, to restrain one's ardour or one's pretensions; Put to the horn (old Scots law), to outlaw by three blasts of the horn at the Cross of Edinburgh; Wear horns, to be a cuckold. [A.S. horn; Scand. and Ger. horn, Gael. and W. corn, L. cornu, Gr. keras.]

Hornblende, horn′blend, n. a mineral of various colours, found in granite and other igneous rocks that contain quartz. [Ger. horn, horn, and -blende—blenden, to dazzle.]

Hornet, horn′et, n. a species of wasp, so called from its antennæ or horns: a person who pesters with petty but ceaseless attacks.—Bring a hornet's nest about one's ears, to stir up enemies and enmities against one's self. [A.S. hyrnet, dim. of horn.]

Hornito, hor-nē′tō, n. a low oven-shaped fumarole, common in South American volcanic regions. [Sp., dim. of horno, an oven.]

Hornpipe, horn′pīp, n. an old Welsh musical instrument resembling the clarinet: a lively air: a lively English dance, usually by one person, popular amongst sailors.

Horography, hor-og′ra-fi, n. the art of constructing dials or instruments for indicating the hours.—n. Horog′rapher. [Gr. hōra, an hour, graphein, to describe.]

Horologe, hor′o-lōj, n. any instrument for telling the hours.—ns. Horol′oger, Horologiog′rapher, Horol′ogist, a maker of clocks, &c.—adjs. Horolog′ic, -al.—ns. Horologiog′raphy, the art of constructing timepieces; Horol′ogy, the science which treats of the construction of machines for telling the hours: the office-book of the Greek Church for the canonical hours. [O. Fr. horologe (Fr. horloge)—L. horologium—Gr. hōrologion—hōra, an hour, legein, to tell.]

Horometry, hor-om′et-ri, n. the art or practice of measuring time.—adj. Horomet′rical. [Gr. hōra, an hour, metron, a measure.]

Horoscope, hor′o-skōp, n. an observation of the heavens at the hour of a person's birth, by which the astrologer predicted the events of his life: a representation of the heavens for this purpose.—adj. Horoscop′ic.—ns. Horos′copist, an astrologer; Horos′copy, the art of predicting the events of a person's life from his horoscope: aspect of the stars at the time of birth. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. hōroskopos—hōra, an hour, skopein, to observe.]

Horrent, hor′ent, adj. standing on end, as bristles. [L. horrens, -entis, pr.p. of horrēre, to bristle.]

Horrible, hor′i-bl, adj. causing or tending to cause horror: dreadful: awful: terrific.—n. Horr′ibleness.—adv. Horr′ibly. [L. horribilis—horrēre.]

Horrid, hor′id, adj. fitted to produce horror: shocking: offensive.—adv. Horr′idly.—n. Horr′idness. [L. horridus—horrēre, to bristle.]

Horrify, hor′-i-fī, v.t. to strike with horror:—pa.p. horr′ified.—adj. Horrif′ic, exciting horror: frightful. [L. horrificus—horror, horror, facĕre, to make.]

Horripilation, hor-i-pi-lā′shun, n. a contraction of the cutaneous muscles causing the erection of the hairs and the condition known as goose-flesh.—v.t. Horrip′ilate.

Horrisonous, hor-is′ō-nus, adj. sounding dreadfully.—Also Horris′onant.

Horror, hor′ur, n. a shuddering: excessive fear: that which excites horror.—adjs. Horr′or-strick′en, -struck, struck with horror.—The horrors, extreme depression: delirium tremens. [L.—horrēre, to bristle.]

Hors-d'œuvre, or-düvr′, a preliminary snack that does not form part of the regular menu.

Horse, hors, n. a well-known quadruped: (collectively) cavalry: that by which something is supported, as 'clothes-horse,' &c.: a wooden frame on which soldiers were formerly made to ride as a punishment—also Timber-mare: a boy's crib, a translation.—v.t. to mount on a horse: to provide with a horse: to sit astride: to carry on the back: to urge at work tyrannically: to construe by means of a crib.—v.i. to get on horseback: to charge for work before it is done.—ns. Horse′-artill′ery, field artillery with comparatively light guns and the gunners mounted; Horse′back, the back of a horse; Horse′-bean, a large bean given to horses; Horse′-block, a block or stage by which to mount or dismount from a horse; Horse′-boat, a boat for carrying horses, or one towed by a horse; Horse′-box, a railway car for transporting horses in, or a stall on shipboard; Horse′-boy, a stable-boy; Horse′-break′er, Horse′-tam′er, one whose business is to break or tame horses, or to teach them to draw or carry (Pretty horse-breaker, a woman with little virtue to lose); Horse′-car, a car drawn by horses; Horse′-chest′nut, a large variety of chestnut, prob. so called from its coarseness contrasted with the edible chestnut: the tree that produces it (see Chestnut); Horse′-cloth, a cloth for covering a horse; Horse′-coup′er (Scot.), a horse-dealer; Horse′-deal′er, one who deals in horses; Horse′-doc′tor, a veterinary surgeon; Horse′-drench, a dose of physic for a horse.—adj. Horse′-faced, having a long face.—ns. Horse′-flesh, the flesh of a horse: horses collectively: a Bahama mahogany.—adj. of reddish-bronze colour.—ns. Horse′-fly, a large fly that stings horses; Horse′-foot, the colt's foot; Horse′-god′mother, a fat clumsy woman.—n.pl. Horse′-guards, horse-soldiers employed as guards: the 3d heavy cavalry regiment of the British army, forming part of the household troops: the War Office, or public office in Whitehall, London, appropriated to the departments of the commander-in-chief of the British army.—ns. Horse′-hair, the hair of horses: haircloth; Horse′-hoe, a hoe drawn by horses; Horse′-knack′er, one who buys worn-out horses for slaughtering; Horse′-lat′itudes, a part of the North Atlantic Ocean noted for long calms, so called from the frequent necessity of throwing part of a cargo of horses overboard from want of water when becalmed; Horse′-laugh, a harsh, boisterous laugh; Horse′-leech, a large species of leech, so named from its fastening on horses when wading in the water: a bloodsucker (Prov. xxx. 15); Horse′-litt′er, a litter or bed borne between two horses; Horse′-mack′erel, one of various fishes—the scad (q.v.), &c.; Horse′man, a rider on horseback: a mounted soldier; Horse′manship, the art of riding, and of training and managing horses; Horse′-ma′rine, a person quite out of his element: an imaginary being for whom wild flights of imagination had best be reserved ('Tell it to the horse-marines'); Horse-mill, a mill turned by horses; Horse′-mill′iner, one who provides the trappings for horses; Horse′-mint, a common European wild-mint: the American Monarda punctata—Sweet horse-mint, the common dittany; Horse′-nail, a nail for fastening a horse-shoe to the hoof; Horse′-pis′tol, a large pistol carried in a holster; Horse′-play, rough, boisterous play; Horse′-pond, a pond for watering horses at; Horse′-pow′er, the power a horse can exert, or its equivalent=that required to raise 33,000 lb. avoirdupois one foot per minute: a standard for estimating the power of steam-engines; Horse′-race, a race by horses; Horse′-rac′ing, the practice of racing or running horses in matches; Horse′-rad′ish, a plant with a pungent root, used in medicine and as a condiment; Horse′-rake, a rake drawn by horses; Horse′-rid′ing, a circus; Horse′-sense, plain robust sense; Horse′-shoe, a shoe for horses, consisting of a curved piece of iron.—adj. shaped like a horse-shoe.—ns. Horse′-sol′dier, a cavalry soldier; Horse′-tail, a genus of leafless plants with hollow rush-like stems, so called from their likeness to a horse's tail; Horse′-train′er, one who trains horses for racing, &c.; Horse′-way, a road by which a horse may pass; Horse′-whip, a whip for driving horses.—v.t. to strike with a horse-whip: to lash.—ns. Horse′woman, a woman who rides on horseback; Hors′iness; Hors′ing, birching a schoolboy mounted on another's back.—adj. Hors′y, of or pertaining to horses: devoted to horse racing or breeding.—A dark horse (see Dark); Flog a dead horse, to try to work up excitement about a threadbare subject; Get on, Mount, the high horse, to assume consequential airs; Put the cart before the horse (see Cart); Ride the wooden horse (see above); Take horse, to mount on horseback. [A.S. hors; Ice. horss, Old High Ger. hros (Ger. ross).]

Hortative, hort′a-tiv, adj. inciting: encouraging: giving advice—also Hort′atory.—n. Hortā′tion. [L. hortāri, -ātus, to incite.]

Horticulture, hor′ti-kul-tūr, n. the art of cultivating gardens.—adj. Horticul′tural, pertaining to the culture of gardens.—n. Horticul′turist, one versed in the art of cultivating gardens.—Hortus siccus, a collection of dried plants arranged in a book. [L. hortus, a garden, cultura—colĕre, to cultivate.]

Hosannna, hō-zan′a, n. an exclamation of praise to God, or a prayer for blessings. [Gr. hōsanna—Heb. hōshī‛āh nnā, hōshīā‛, save, nā, I pray.]

Hose, hōz, n. a covering for the legs or feet: stockings: socks: a flexible pipe for conveying water, so called from its shape:—pl. Hose; (B.) Hos′en.—ns. Hose′man, one who directs the stream of water from the hose of a fire-engine; Hose′pipe; Hose′-reel, a large revolving drum or reel for carrying hose for fire-engines, &c.; Hō′sier, one who deals in hose, or stockings and socks, &c.; Hō′siery, hose in general. [A.S. hosa, pl. hosan; Dut. hoos, Ger. hose.]

Hospice, hos′pēs, n. a house of entertainment for strangers, esp. such kept by monks on some Alpine passes for travelers.—Also Hospit′ium. [Fr.,—L. hospitium—hospes, a stranger treated as a guest.]

Hospitable, hos′pit-a-bl, adj. entertaining strangers and guests kindly and without reward: showing kindness: generous: bountiful.—n. Hos′pitableness.—adv. Hos′pitably.—n. Hospital′ity, the practice of one who is hospitable; friendly welcome and entertainment of guests—(Spens.) Hos′pitāge.

Hospital, hos-′pit-al, n. a building for the reception and treatment of the old, the sick, and hurt, &c., or for the support and education of the young.—n. Hos′pitaller, one of a charitable brotherhood for the care of the sick in hospitals: one of an order of knights, commonly called Knights of St John (otherwise called Knights of Rhodes, and afterwards of Malta), who about 1048 built a hospital for the care and cure of pilgrims at Jerusalem.—Hospital Saturday, or Sunday, days set apart for the collection of funds on behalf of hospitals.—Convalescent hospital, one intermediate between the ordinary hospital and the patient's own home; Cottage hospital, a small establishment where hospital treatment is carried on at little expense and with simple arrangements; Lock hospital, one for the treatment of venereal diseases; Magdalen hospital, an institution for the reclamation of fallen women; Marine, or Naval, hospital, a special hospital for sick sailors, or for men in the naval service; Maternity hospital, one for women in labour. [O. Fr. hospital—Low L. hospitale—hospes, a guest.]

Hospodar, hos′po-där, n. formerly the title of the princes of Moldavia and Wallachia. [Slav.]

Hoss, a vulgarism for horse.

Host, hōst, n. one who entertains a stranger or guest at his house without reward: an innkeeper: an organism on which another lives as a parasite:—fem. Host′ess.—n. Host′ess-ship (Shak.), the character or office of a hostess.—adj. Host′less (Spens.), destitute of a host, inhospitable.—Reckon, or Count, without one's host, to misjudge, the original idea being that of totting up one's bill without reference to the landlord. [O. Fr. hoste—L. hospes, hospitis.]

Host, hōst, n. an army, a large multitude.—n. Host′ing, (Milt.) an encounter of hosts, a battle: (Spens.) an assemblage of hosts, a muster.—A host in himself, one of great strength, skill, or resources, within himself; Heavenly host, the angels and archangels; Lord of hosts, a favourite Hebrew term for Jehovah, considered as head of the hosts of angels, the hosts of stars, &c. [O. Fr. host—L. hostis, an enemy.]

Host, hōst, n. in the R.C. Church, the consecrated bread of the Eucharist—a thin circular wafer of unleavened bread. [L. hostia, a victim.]

Hostage, hos′tāj, n. one remaining with the enemy as a pledge for the fulfilment of the conditions of a treaty.—Hostages to fortune, a man's wife, children, &c. [O. Fr. hostage (Fr. ôtage)—Low L. obsidaticus—L. obses, obsidis, a hostage.]

Hostel, hos′tel, Hostelry, hos′tel-ri, n. an inn: in some universities an extra-collegiate hall for students.—ns. Hos′teler, Hos′teller, one living in a hostel. [O. Fr. hostel, hostellerie.]

Hostile, hos′til, adj. belonging to an enemy: showing enmity: warlike: adverse.—adv. Hos′tilely.—n. Hostil′ity, enmity:—pl. Hostil′ities, acts of warfare. [L. hostilis—hostis.]

Hostler, Ostler, hos′lėr, or os′-, n. he who has the care of horses at an inn. [Hostler=hosteleer.]

Hot, hot, adj. having heat: very warm: fiery: pungent: animated: ardent in temper: fervent: vehement: violent: passionate: lustful.—adj. Hot′-and-hot′, of food cooked and served up at once in hot dishes.—ns. Hot′bed, a glass-covered bed heated for bringing forward plants rapidly: any place favourable to rapid growth or development, as 'a hotbed of vice,' &c.; Hot′blast, a blast of heated air blown into a furnace to raise the heat.—adjs. Hot′-blood′ed, having hot blood: high-spirited: irritable; Hot′-brained, hot-headed, rash and violent.—n. Hot′-cock′les, an old game in which a person is blindfolded, and being struck, guesses who strikes him; Hot′-flue, a drying-room.—adj. Hot′-head′ed, hot in the head: having warm passions: violent: impetuous.—n. Hot′-house, a house kept hot for the rearing of tender plants: any heated chamber or drying-room, esp. that where pottery is placed before going into the kiln: (Shak.) a brothel.—adv. Hot′ly.—adj. Hot′-mouthed, headstrong.—n. Hot′ness; Hot′-pot, a dish of chopped mutton seasoned and stewed with sliced potatoes.—v.t. Hot′press, to press paper, &c., between hot plates to produce a glossy surface.—adjs. Hot′-short, brittle when heated; Hot′-spir′ited, having a fiery spirit.—n., one pressing his steed with spurs as in hot haste: a violent, rash man.—adj. Hot′-tem′pered, having a quick temper.—ns. Hot′-trod, the hot pursuit in old Border forays; Hot′-wall, a wall enclosing passages for hot air, affording warmth to fruit-trees trained against it, when needed; Hot′-well, in a condensing engine, a reservoir for the warm water drawn off from the condenser.—Hot coppers (see Copper); Hot cross-buns (see Cross); Hot foot, with speed, fast; In hot water, in a state of trouble or anxiety; Make a place too hot to hold a person, to make it impossible for him to stay there. [A.S. hát; Ger. heiss, Sw. het.]

Hot, hot, Hote, hōt (Spens.) named, called. [Pa.t. and pa.p. of hight.]

Hotchpotch, hoch′poch, Hotchpot, hoch′pot, Hodgepodge, hoj′poj, n. a confused mass of ingredients shaken or mixed together in the same pot: a kind of mutton-broth in which green peas take the place of barley or rice.—Hotchpot, a commixture of property in order to secure an equable division amongst children. [Fr. hochepot—hocher, to shake, and pot, a pot—Old Dut. hutsen, to shake, Dut. pot, a pot.]

Hotel, hō-tel′, n. a superior house for the accommodation of strangers: an inn: in France, also a public office, a private town-house, a palace.—ns. Hôtel′-de-ville (Fr.), a town-hall; Hôtel′-dieu, a hospital. [M. E. hostel—O. Fr. hostel (Fr. hôtel)—L. hospitalia, guest-chambers—hospes.]

Hottentot, hot′n-tot, n. a native of the Cape of Good Hope: a brutish individual. [Dut., because the language of the South Africans seemed to the first Dutch settlers to sound like a repetition of the syllables hot and tot; Dut. en—and.]

Hottering, hot′er-ing, adj. (prov.) raging.

Houdah. See Howdah.

Houdan, hōō′dang, n. a valued breed of domestic fowls, orig. from Houdan in Seine-et-Oise.

Hough, hok, Hock, hok, n. the joint on the hind-leg of a quadruped, between the knee and fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in man: in man, the back part of the knee-joint: the ham.—v.t. to hamstring:—pr.p. hough′ing; pa.p. houghed (hokt). [A.S. hóh, the heel.]

Hound, hownd, n. a dog used in hunting: a cur: a caitiff.—v.t. to set on in chase: to hunt: to urge, pursue, harass (with on).—ns. Hound′fish, same as Dogfish; Hounds′-berr′y, the common dogwood; Hound's′-tongue, a plant, so called from the shape of its leaves.—Gabriel hounds, a popular name for the noise made by distant curlews, ascribed to damned souls whipped on by the angel Gabriel; Master of hounds, the master of a pack of hounds. [A.S. hund; Gr. kyōn, kynos, L. canis, Sans. çvan.]

Hour, owr, n. 60 min., or the 24th part of a day: the time indicated by a clock, &c.: an hour's journey, or three miles: a time or occasion; (pl., myth.) the goddesses of the seasons and the hours: set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.—ns. Hour′-cir′cle, a circle passing through the celestial poles and fixed relatively to the earth: the circle of an equatorial which shows the hour-angle of the point to which the telescope is directed; Hour′-glass, an instrument for measuring the hours by the running of sand from one glass vessel into another; Hour′-hand, the hand which shows the hour on a clock, &c.—adj. Hour′ly, happening or done every hour: frequent.—adv. every hour: frequently.—n. Hour′plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked: the dial.—At the eleventh hour, at the last moment possible (Matt. xx. 6, 9); In a good, or evil, hour, acting under a fortunate, or an unfortunate, impulse—from the old belief in astrological influences; Keep good hours, to go to bed and to rise early: to lead a quiet and regular life; The hour is come, the destined day of fate has come (John, xiii. 1); The small hours, the early hours of the morning; Three hours service, a service held continuously on Good Friday, from noon to 3 P.M., in commemoration of the time of Christ's agony on the cross. [O. Fr. hore (Fr. heure)—L. hora—Gr. hōra.]

Houri, how′ri, hōō′ri, n. a nymph of the Mohammedan paradise. [Pers. huri—Ar. hūriya, a black-eyed girl.]

House, hows, n. a building for dwelling in: a dwelling-place: an inn: household affairs: a family: kindred: a trading establishment: one of the twelve divisions of the heavens in astrology: one of the estates of the legislature (House of Lords or Upper House, House of Commons or Lower House; also Upper and Lower Houses of Convocation, House of Representatives, &c.): at Oxford, 'The House,' Christ Church College: the audience at a place of entertainment, a theatre, &c. (a full house, a thin house): (coll.) the workhouse:—pl. Houses (howz′ez).—v.t. House (howz), to protect by covering: to shelter: to store: to provide houses for.—v.i. to take shelter: to reside.—ns. House′-ā′gent, one who has the letting of houses; House′-boat, a barge with a deck-cabin that may serve as a dwelling-place; House′-bote, wood that a tenant may take to repair his house, or for fuel; House′-break′er, one who breaks open and enters a house by day for the purpose of stealing; House′-break′ing; House′-carl, a member of a king or noble's bodyguard, in Danish and early English history; House′-dū′ty, -tax, a tax laid on inhabited houses; House′-fac′tor (Scot.), a house-agent; House′-fa′ther, the male head of a household or community; House′-flag, the distinguishing flag of a shipowner or company of such; House′-fly, the common fly universally distributed; House′hold, those who are held together in the same house, and compose a family.—adj. pertaining to the house and family.—ns. House′holder, the holder or tenant of a house; House′keeper, a female servant who keeps or has the chief care of the house: one who stays much at home; House′keeping, the keeping or management of a house or of domestic affairs: hospitality.—adj. domestic.—n. House′-leek, a plant with red star-like flowers and succulent leaves that grows on the roofs of houses.—adj. House′less, without a house or home: having no shelter.—ns. House′-line (naut.), a small line of three strands, for seizings, &c.; House′maid, a maid employed to keep a house clean, &c.; House′-mate, one sharing a house with another; House′-moth′er, the mother of a family, the female head of a family; House′-room, room or place in a house; House′-stew′ard, a steward who manages the household affairs of a great family; House′-sur′geon, the surgeon or medical officer in a hospital who resides in the house—so also House′-physi′cian; House′-warm′ing, an entertainment given when a family enters a new house, as if to warm it; Housewife (hows′wīf, huz′wif, or huz′if), the mistress of a house: a female domestic manager: a small case for articles of female work.—adj. House′wifely.—n. House′wifery—(Scot.) House′wifeskep.—House of call, a house where the journeymen of a particular trade call when out of work; House of correction, a jail; House of God, prayer, or worship, a place of worship; House of ill fame, a bawdy-house.—A household word, a familiar saying; Bring down the house, to evoke very loud applause in a place of entertainment; Cry from the house-top, to announce in the most public manner possible; Household gods, one's favourite domestic things—a playful use of the Roman penates (q.v.); Household suffrage, or franchise, the right of householders to vote for members of parliament; Household troops, six regiments whose peculiar duty is to attend the sovereign and defend the metropolis; Housemaid's knee, an inflammation of the sac between the knee-pan and the skin, to which housemaids are specially liable through kneeling on damp floors.—Inner House, the higher branch of the Scotch Court of Session, its jurisdiction chiefly appellate; Outer House, the lower branch of the Court of Session.—Keep a good house, to keep up a plentifully supplied table; Keep house, to maintain or manage an establishment; Keep open house, to give entertainments to all comers; Keep the house, to be confined to the house; Like a house afire, with astonishing rapidity; The Household, the royal domestic establishment. [A.S. hús; Goth. hus, Ger. haus.]

Housel, howz′el, n. the Eucharist: the act of taking the same.—n. Hous′eling-cloth, a linen cloth held or stretched beneath the communicants.—adj. Hous′ling (Spens.), sacramental. [A.S. húsel, sacrifice.]

Housing, howz′ing, n. an ornamental covering for a horse: a saddle-cloth: (pl.) the trappings of a horse. [O. Fr. housse, a mantle, of Teut. origin.]

Housty, hows′ti, n. (prov.) a sore throat.

Hout-tout, hoot-toot, interj. Same as Hoot.

Houyhnhnm, whin′im, n. one of the noble rational horse race in Gulliver's Travels. [From whinny.]

Hova, hō′va, n. one of the dominant race in Madagascar:—pl. Hō′vas.

Hove, hōv, v.t. (Scot.) to heave, to raise.

Hove, hōv, v.i. (Spens.) to hover, to loiter.

Hove, pa.t. and pa.p. of heave.

Hovel, hov′el, n. a small or mean dwelling: a shed.—v.t. to put in a hovel: to shelter: to construct a chimney so as to prevent smoking, by making two of the more exposed walls higher than the others, or making an opening on one side near the top:—pr.p. hov′elling; pa.p. hov′elled.—n. Hov′eller, a boatman acting as a non-certificated pilot or doing any kind of occasional work on the coast: a small coasting-vessel. [Dim. of A.S. hof, a dwelling.]

Hover, hov′ėr, v.i. to remain aloft flapping the wings: to wait in suspense: to move about near.—adv. Hov′eringly, in a hovering manner. [Formed from A.S. hof, house.]

How, how, adv. in what manner: to what extent: for what reason: by what means: from what cause: in what condition: (N.T.) sometimes=that.—The how and the why, the manner and the cause. [A.S. hú is prob. a form of hwí, in what way, why, the instrumental case of hwá, who.]

How, Howe, how, n. (Scot.) a hollow, glen, dell, or narrow plain. [Prob. related to hole.]

How, how, n. (prov.) a low hill. [Akin to high, A.S. heáh.]

Howbeit, how-bē′it, conj. be it how it may: notwithstanding: yet: however—(Spens.) How′be.

Howdah, Houdah, how′da, n. a seat fixed on an elephant's back. [Ar. hawdaj.]

Howdie, Howdy, how′di, n. (Scot.) a midwife. [Webster ingeniously at least suggests a derivation in 'How d'ye?' the midwife's first question.]

Howdy, how′di, interj. a colloquial form of the common greeting, 'How do you [do]?'—n. How′dy-do, a troublesome state of matters.

However, how-ev′ėr, adv. and conj. in whatever manner or degree: nevertheless: at all events.

Howff, Houff, howf, n. (Scot.) a haunt, resort.—v.i. to resort to a place. [A.S. hof, a house.]

Howitzer, how′its-ėr, n. a short, light cannon, used for throwing shells. [Ger. haubitze, orig. hauffnitz—Bohem. haufnice, a sling.]

Howk, howk, v.t. and v.i. (Scot.) to dig, burrow.

Howker, how′kėr, n. Same as Hooker.

Howl, howl, v.i. to yell or cry, as a wolf or dog: to utter a long, loud, whining sound: to wail: to roar.—v.t. to utter with outcry:—pr.p. howl′ing; pa.p. howled.—n. a loud, prolonged cry of distress: a mournful cry.—n. Howl′er, a South American monkey, with prodigious power of voice: (slang) a glaring or very stupid error.—adj. Howl′ing, filled with howlings, as of the wind, or of wild beasts: (slang) tremendous.—n. a howl. [O. Fr. huller—L. ululāre, to shriek or howl—ulula, an owl; cf. Ger. heulen, Eng. owl.]

Howlet, how′let. Same as Owlet.

Howso, how′so, adv. howsoever.

Howsoever, how-so-ev′ėr, adv. in what way soever: although: however.—Provincial forms are Howsomev′er and Howsomdev′er.

Hox, hoks, v.t. (Shak.) to hough or hamstring.

Hoy, hoi, n. a large one-decked boat, commonly rigged as a sloop. [Dut. heu, Flem. hui.]

Hoy, hoi, interj. ho! stop!—v.t. to incite, drive on. [Imit.]

Hoyden, Hoiden, hoi′den, n. a tomboy, a romp. [Old Dut. heyden, a heathen, a gipsy, heyde, heath.]

Hub, hub, n. the projecting nave of a wheel; a projection on a wheel for the insertion of a pin: the hilt of a weapon: a mark at which quoits, &c., are cast.—Hub (i.e. centre) of the universe, Boston, U.S. [A form of hob.]

Hubble, hub′l, n. (Scot.) an uproar: a heap, as of work: (U.S.) a lump.—adj. Hub′bly.

Hubble-bubble, hub′l-bub′l, n. an East Indian tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is drawn through water with a bubbling sound. [Reduplic. from bubble.]

Hubbub, hub′ub, n. a confused sound of many voices: riot: uproar. [Prob. a repetition of hoop, whoop.]

Hubby, hub′bi, n. (coll.) a diminutive of husband.

Huckaback, huk′a-bak, n. a coarse variety of linen for towels, &c., having raised figures on it. [Skeat suggests as the original meaning 'pedlar's ware,' Low Ger. hukkebak; cf. hawker.]

Huckle, huk′l, n. a hunch: the hip—also Huck.—adjs. Huck′le-backed, -shoul′dered, having the back or shoulders round.—n. Huck′le-bone, the hip-bone, or ankle-bone. [Dim. of huck, a prov. form of hook.]

Huckleberry, huk′l-ber′ri, n. a North American shrub (Gaylussacia) with blue berries. [Prob. a corr. of hurtleberry.]

Huckster, huk′stėr, n. a retailer of smallwares, a hawker or pedlar: a mean, trickish fellow:—fem. Huck′stress.—v.i. to deal in small articles, to higgle meanly.—n. Huck′sterage, business of a huckster. [With fem. suff. -ster, from Dut. heuker, a retailer, Old Dut. hucken, to stoop or bow; cf. Ice. húka, to sit on one's hams, and Eng. hawker.]

Huddle, hud′l, v.i. to put up things confusedly: to hurry in disorder: to crowd.—v.t. to throw or crowd together in confusion: to put on hastily.—n. a crowd: tumult: confusion. [M. E. hodren; prob. a freq. of M. E. huden, to hide.]

Huddup, hud-up′, interj. get up! (to a horse).

Hudibrastic, hū-di-bras′tik, adj. similar in style to Hudibras, a metrical burlesque on the Puritans by Samuel Butler (1612-80): doggerel.

Hue, hū, n. appearance: colour: tint: dye.—-adjs. Hued, having a hue; Hue′less. [A.S. hiw, heow; Sw. hy, complexion.]

Hue, hū, n. a shouting.—Hue and cry, a loud clamour about something: name of a police gazette, established in 1710. [Fr. huer, imit.]

Huff, huf, n. sudden anger or arrogance: a fit of disappointment or anger: a boaster.—v.t. to swell: to bully: to remove a 'man' from the board for not capturing pieces open to him, as in draughts.—v.i. to swell: to bluster.—adjs. Huff′ish, Huff′y, given to huff: insolent: arrogant.—adv. Huff′ishly.—ns. Huff′ishness, Huff′iness. [Imit., like puff; cf. Ger. hauchen, to breathe.]

Hug, hug, v.t. to embrace closely and fondly: to cherish: to congratulate (one's self): (naut.) to keep close to.—v.i. to crowd together:—pr.p. hug′ging; pa.p. hugged.—n. a close and fond embrace: a particular grip in wrestling.—Hug one's self, to congratulate one's self. [Scand., Ice. húka, to sit on one's hams. See Huckster.]

Huge, hūj, adj. having great dimensions, especially height: enormous: monstrous: (B.) large in number.—adv. Huge′ly.—n. Huge′ness. [M. E. huge; formed by dropping a from O. Fr. ahuge, of Teut. origin, cog. with Ger. hoch.]

Hugger-mugger, hug′ėr-mug′ėr, n. secrecy: confusion. [Perh. a rhyming extension of hug.]

Huguenot, hū′ge-not, or -nō, n. the name formerly given in France to an adherent of the Reformation. [Prob. a dim. of the personal name Hugo, Hugon, Hugues, Hugh, name of some French Calvinist, later a general nickname. Not the Swiss eidguenot, Ger. eidgenossen, confederates.]

Huia-bird, hwē′ä-bėrd, n. a New Zealand starling.

Hulk, hulk, n. the body of a ship: an old ship unfit for service: a big lubberly fellow: anything unwieldy—often confounded in meaning with hull, the body of a ship:—pl. The hulks, old ships formerly used as prisons.—adjs. Hulk′ing, Hulk′y, clumsy. [Low L. hulka—Gr. holkas—helkein, to draw.]

Hull, hul, n. the husk or outer covering of anything.—v.t. to strip off the hull: to husk. [A.S. hulu, a husk, as of corn—helan, to cover; Ger. hülle, a covering, hehlen, to cover.]

Hull, hul, n. the frame or body of a ship.—v.t. to pierce the hull (as with a cannon-ball).—v.i. to float or drive on the water, as a mere hull. [Same word as above, perh. modified in meaning by confusion with Dut. hol, a ship's hold, or with hulk.]

Hullabaloo, hul′la-ba-loo′, n. an uproar.

Hullo, hul-lō′, v., n., and interj. Same as Halloo.

Hully, hul′i, adj. having husks or pods.

Hulsean, hul′sē-an, adj. of or pertaining to John Hulse (1708-89), founder of the Hulsean divinity lectures at Cambridge.

Hum, hum, v.i. to make a buzzing sound like bees: to utter a low, droning sound: to supply an interval in speaking by an audible sound.—v.t. to sing in a low tone: to applaud anything by humming:—pr.p. hum′ming; pa.p. hummed.—n. the noise of bees and some other insects: any low, dull noise.—interj. a sound with a pause implying doubt.—n. Hum′mer, something that hums.—Hum and haw, to hesitate in giving a direct answer; Humming ale, ale that froths up well, or that makes the head hum; Make things hum, to set things agoing briskly. [Imit.; cf. Ger. hummen, humsen.]

Hum, hum, v.t. to impose on.—n. an imposition. [Contr. of humbug.]

Human, hū′man, adj. belonging or pertaining to man or mankind: having the qualities of a man.—n. (coll.) a human being.—n. Hū′mankind, the human species.—adv. Hū′manly. [Fr.,—L. humanus—homo, a human being.]

Humane, hū-mān′, adj. having the feelings proper to man: kind: tender: merciful.—adv. Humane′ly.—n. Humane′ness, kindness: tenderness.

Humanise, hū′man-īz, v.t. to render human or humane: to soften.—v.i. to become humane or civilised.—n. Humanisā′tion.

Humanist, hū′man-ist, n. a student of polite literature: at the Renaissance, a student of Greek and Roman literature: a student of human nature.—n. Hū′manism, polite learning, literary culture: any system which puts human interests paramount.—adj. Humanist′ic.

Humanitarian, hū-man′i-tā′ri-an, n. one who denies Christ's divinity, and holds Him to be a mere man: a philanthropist.—adj. of or belonging to humanity, benevolent.—n. Humanitā′rianism.

Humanity, hū-man′it-i, n. the nature peculiar to a human being: the kind feelings of man: benevolence: tenderness: mankind collectively:—pl. Human′ities, in Scotland, grammar, rhetoric, Latin, Greek, and poetry, so called from their humanising effects.—Professor of Humanity, in Scotch universities, the professor of Latin. [Fr.,—L. humanitas—humanus—homo, a man.]

Humble, hum′bl, or um′bl, adj. low: meek: modest.—v.t. to bring down to the ground: to lower: to abase: to mortify: to degrade.—adj. Hum′ble-mouthed, humble in speech.—n. Hum′bleness—(Spens.) Hum′bless.—adj. Hum′bling, making humble.—n. a humiliation.—advs. Hum′blingly, in a humiliating manner; Hum′bly. [Fr.,—L. humilis, low—humus, the ground.]

Humble, hum′bl, adj. having no horns.

Humble-bee, hum′bl-bē, n. the humming-bee: a genus of social bees which construct their hives under ground. [Humble is a freq. of hum.]

Humble-pie, hum′bl-pī, n. a pie made of the umbles or numbles (liver, heart, &c.) of a deer.—Eat humble-pie, to humiliate one's self, eat one's own words.

Humbug, hum′bug, n. an imposition under fair pretences: hollowness, pretence: one who so imposes: a kind of candy.—v.t. to deceive: to hoax:—pr.p. hum′bugging; pa.p. hum′bugged.—adj. Humbug′able, capable of being humbugged.—ns. Hum′bugger, one who humbugs; Hum′buggery, the practice of humbugging. [Orig. 'a false alarm,' 'a bugbear,' from hum and bug, a frightful object.]

Humbuzz, the same as the Bull-roarer (q.v.).

Humdrum, hum′drum, adj. dull: droning: monotonous: commonplace.—n. a stupid fellow: monotony, tedious talk. [Hum and drum.]

Humdudgeon, hum′duj-on, n. (Scot.) an unnecessary outcry.

Humectant, hū-mek′tant, adj. pertaining to remedies supposed to increase the fluidity of the blood.—vs.t. Humect′, Humec′tate, to moisten.—n. Humectā′tion.—adj. Humec′tive, having the power to moisten.—v.t. Hū′mefy, to make moist. [L. humectans—humēre, to be moist.]

Humeral, hū′mėr-al, adj. belonging to the shoulder.—n. an oblong scarf worn round the priest's shoulders at certain parts of the Mass and of Benediction.—n. Hū′merus, the arm from the shoulder to the elbow: the bone of the upper arm:—pl. Hū′meri (-rī).—adjs. Hū′mero-cū′bital; Hū′mero-dig′ital; Hū′mero-dor′sal; Hū′mero-metacar′pal; Hū′mero-rā′dial. [Fr.,—L. humerus, the shoulder.]

Humet, Humette, hū-met′, n. (her.) a fesse or bar cut off short at each end.—adj. Humeté.

Humgruffin, hum′gruf-in, n. a terrible person.

Humian, hūm′i-an, adj. of or pertaining to David Hume (1711-76), or his philosophy.

Humhum, hum′hum, n. a kind of plain, coarse cotton cloth used in the East Indies.

Humic, hū′mik, adj. denoting an acid formed by the action of alkalies on humus or mould.

Humid, hū′mid, adj. moist: damp: rather wet.—adv. Hū′midly.—ns. Hū′midness, Humid′ity, moisture: a moderate degree of wetness. [L. humidus—humēre, to be moist.]

Humiliate, hū-mil′i-āt, v.t. to make humble: to depress: to lower in condition.—adjs. Humil′iant, humiliating; Humil′iāting, humbling, mortifying.—n. Humiliā′tion, the act of humiliating: abasement: mortification. [L. humiliāre, -ātum.]

Humility, hū-mil′i-ti, n. the state or quality of being humble: lowliness of mind: modesty. [O. Fr. humilite—L. humilitat-em—humilis, low.]

Humine, hūm′in, n. Same as Humus.

Hummel, hum′el, adj.—hornless.—n. Humm′eller, a machine for separating awns of barley from seed.

Humming, hum′ing, n. a low, murmuring sound, like that made by bees.—ns. Humm′ing-bird, a tropical bird, of brilliant plumage and rapid flight, from the humming sound of its wings; Humm′ing-top, a top which when spun gives a humming sound. [Hum.]

Hummock, hum′uk, n. a hillock: pile or ridge (of ice): (Scot.) a fistful.—n. Humm′ie, a small protuberance.—adjs. Humm′ocked, Humm′ocky. [Dim. of hump.]

Hummum, the same as Hammam (q.v.).

Humour, hū′mur, or ū′mur, n. the moisture or fluids of animal bodies: an animal fluid in an unhealthy state: state of mind (because once thought to depend on the humours of the body), as 'good' and 'ill humour:' disposition: caprice: a mental quality which delights in ludicrous and mirthful ideas: playful fancy.—v.t. to go in with the humour of: to gratify by compliance.—adj. Hū′moral, pertaining to or proceeding from the humours.—ns. Hū′moralism, the state of being humoral: the doctrine that diseases have their seat in the humours; Hū′moralist, one who favours the doctrine of humoralism; Humoresque′, a musical caprice; Hū′morist, one whose conduct and conversation are regulated by humour or caprice: one who studies or portrays the humours of people: one possessed of humour: a writer of comic stories.—adjs. Humoris′tic, humorous; Hū′morless, without humour; Hū′morous, governed by humour: capricious: irregular: full of humour: exciting laughter.—adv. Hū′morously.—n. Hū′morousness.—adj. Hū′moursome, capricious, petulant.—n. Hū′moursomeness.—Out of humour, out of temper, displeased; The new humour, a so-called modern literary product in which there is even less humour than novelty. [O. Fr. humor (Fr. humeur)—L. humor—humēre, to be moist.]

Hump, hump, n. a lump or hunch upon the back.—v.t. to bend in a hump: (U.S. slang) to prepare for a great exertion: (slang) to vex or annoy.—v.i. to put forth effort.—n. Hump′back, a back with a hump or hunch: a person with a humpback.—adjs. Hump′backed, having a humpback; Humped, having a hump on the back; Hump′y, full of humps or protuberances. [Prob. a nasalised form of heap.]

Humph, humf, interj. an exclamation expressive of dissatisfaction or incredulity.

Humphrey, To dine with. See Dine.

Humpty-dumpty, hum′ti-dum′ti, n. a short, squat, egg-like being of nursery folklore: a gipsy drink, ale boiled with brandy.—adj. short and broad.

Humstrum, hum′strum, n. a hurdy-gurdy.

Humus, hūm′us, Humine, hūm′in, n. a brown or black powder in rich soils, formed by the action of air on animal or vegetable matter.—adj. Hū′mous. [L., 'the ground,' akin to Gr. chamai, on the ground.]

Hun, hun, n. one of a powerful, squat, swarthy, and savage nomad race of Asia, probably of Mongolian or Tartar stock, who began to move westwards in Europe about 372 A.D., pushing the Goths before them across the Danube, and under Attila (433-453) overrunning Europe: a shortened form of Hungarian.—adjs. Hun′nic, Hun′nish.

Hunch, hunsh, n. a hump, esp. on the back: a lump.—n. Hunch′back, one with a hunch or lump on his back.—adj. Hunch′backed, having a humpback. [The nasalised form of hook; cog. with Ger. hucke, the bent back; cf. Scot. to hunker down, to sit on one's heels with the knees bent up towards the chin.]

Hundred, hun′dred, n. the number of ten times ten: a division of a county in England, orig. supposed to contain a hundred families.—adjs. Hun′dredfold, folded a hundred times, multiplied by a hundred; Hun′dredth, coming last or forming one of a hundred.—n. one of a hundred.—n. Hun′dredweight, a weight the twentieth part of a ton, or 112 lb. avoirdupois; orig. a hundred lb., abbreviated cwt. (c. standing for L. centum, wt. for weight).—Hundred days, the period between Napoleon's return from Elba and his final downfall after Waterloo (the reign lasted exactly 95 days, March 20-June 22, 1815); Hundred years' war, the struggle between England and France, from 1337 down to 1453; Chiltern Hundreds, a district of Bucks, whose stewardship is a nominal office under the Crown, the temporary acceptance of which by a member of parliament enables him technically to vacate his seat; Great, or Long, hundred, six score; Not a hundred miles off, an indirect phrase for 'here,' 'in this very place;' Old Hundred, or Hundredth, a well-known long-metre setting of the hundredth psalm, 'All people that on earth do dwell.' [A.S. hundred—old form hund, a hundred, with the superfluous addition of réd or rǽd (Eng. rate), a reckoning.]

Hung, pa.t. and pa.p. of hang.—n. Hung′-beef, beef cured and dried.

Hungarian, hung-gā′ri-an, adj. pertaining to Hungary or its inhabitants.—n. a native of Hungary: the Magyar or Hungarian language.

Hunger, hung′gėr, n. desire for food: strong desire for anything.—v.i. to crave food: to long for.—adjs. Hung′er-bit′ten, bitten, pained, or weakened by hunger; Hung′erful, hungry; Hung′erly (Shak.), hungry.—adv. (Shak.) hungrily.—adv. Hung′rily.—adj. Hung′ry, having eager desire: greedy: lean: poor. [A.S. hungor (n.), hyngran (v.); cf. Ger. hunger, Dut. honger, &c.]

Hunk, the same as Hunch.

Hunk, hungk, n. (U.S.) goal or base in boys' games.—n. Hunk′er, a conservative.—adj. Hunk′y, in good position. [Dut. honk.]

Hunker, hungk′er, v.i. (Scot.) to squat down.—n.pl. Hunk′ers, the hams. [See Hunch.]

Hunks, hungks, n.sing. a covetous man: a miser.

Hunt, hunt, v.t. to chase wild animals for prey or sport: to chase such over a country: to search for: to pursue.—v.i. to go out in pursuit of game: to search.—n. a chase of wild animals: search: a pack of hunting hounds: an association of huntsmen.—ns. Hunt′-count′er, a dog that runs back or counter on the scent, a worthless dog—hence (Shak.), a blunderer, and v.t. to retrace one's steps; Hunt′er (fem. Hunt′ress), one who hunts: a horse used in the chase: a watch whose face is protected, like the reverse, with a metal case; Half′-hunt′er, such a watch where that metal case has a small circle of glass let in, so that one can see the time without opening it; Hunt′ing, the pursuit of wild game, the chase; Hunt′ing-box, Hunt′ing-lodge, Hunt′ing-seat, a temporary residence for hunting; Hunt′ing-cap, a form of cap much worn in the hunting-field; Hunt′ing-cog, an extra cog in one of two geared wheels, by means of which the order of contact of cogs is changed at every revolution; Hunt′ing-crop, -whip, a short whip with a crooked handle and a loop of leather at the end, used in the hunting-field; Hunt′ing-ground, a place or region for hunting; Hunting-horn, a horn used in hunting, a bugle; Hunt′ing-knife, -sword, a knife or short sword used to despatch the game when caught, or to skin and cut it up; Hunt′ing-song, a song about hunting; Hunt′ing-tide, the season of hunting; Hunts′man, one who hunts: a servant who manages the hounds during the chase; Hunts′manship, the qualifications of a huntsman; Hunt's-up (Shak.), a tune or song intended to arouse huntsmen in the morning—hence, anything calculated to arouse.—Hunt down, to destroy by persecution or violence; Hunt out, up, after, to search for, seek; Hunt-the-gowk, to make an April fool (see April); Hunt-the-slipper, an old-fashioned game in which one in the middle of a ring tries to catch a shoe which those forming the ring upon the ground shove about under their hams from one to another.—Happy hunting-grounds, the paradise of the Red Indian; Mrs Leo Hunter, of 'The Den, Eatanswill,' a social lion-hunter in the Pickwick Papers whose husband hunts up all the newest celebrities to grace her breakfast parties. [A.S. huntian; A.S. hentan, to seize.]

Hunterian, hun-tē′ri-an, adj. of or pertaining to the great surgeon John Hunter (1728-93), to his collection of anatomical specimens and preparations, the nucleus of the great Hunterian Museum in London, or to the Hunterian Oration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons on the anniversary of his birth, 14th February: of or pertaining to his elder brother, William Hunter (1718-83), or his museum at Glasgow.

Huntingdonian, hun-ting-dō′ni-an, n. a member of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connection, a denomination of Calvinistic Methodists founded by Whitefield in conjunction with Selina, Countess of Huntingdon (1707-91).

Huon-pine, hū′on-pīn′, n. a Tasmanian yew, with light-yellow wood, used in boat-building.

Hurdies, hur′diz, n.pl. (Scot.) the buttocks.

Hurdle, hur′dl, n. a frame of twigs or sticks interlaced: (agri.) a movable frame of timber or iron for gates, &c.: a rude sledge on which criminals were drawn to the gallows.—v.t. to enclose with hurdles.—n. Hur′dle-race, a race where the runners, whether men or horses, have to clear a succession of hurdles. [A.S. hyrdel; Ger. hürde.]

Hurds. Same as Hards.

Hurdy-gurdy, hur′di-gur′di, n. a musical stringed instrument, like a rude violin, whose strings are sounded by the turning of a wheel: a hand-organ: an impact-wheel. [Imit.]

Hurl, hurl, v.i. to make a noise by throwing: to move rapidly: to dash with force: to whirl: (Scot.) to convey in a wheeled vehicle.—v.t. to throw with violence: to utter with vehemence.—n. act of hurling, tumult, confusion: (Scot.) conveyance in a wheeled vehicle.—ns. Hurl′er; Hurl′ey, the game of hockey, or the stick used in playing it; Hurl′ing, a game in which a ball is forced through the opponent's goal, hockey; Hurl′y (Scot.), a wheelbarrow; Hurl′y-hack′et, an ill-hung carriage. [Hurtle.]

Hurly-burly, hur′li-bur′li, n. tumult: confusion.—n. Hur′ly (Shak.). [Hurly is from O. Fr. hurler, to yell, orig. huller, whence Eng. howl. Burly is simply a rhyming addition.]

Hurrah, Hurra, hoor-rä′, interj. an exclamation of excitement or joy.—Also n. and v.i. [Ger. hurra; Dan. and Sw. hurra.]

Hurricane, hur′ri-kān, n. a storm with extreme violence and sudden changes of the wind: a social party, a rout—(Shak.) Hur′ricano.—Hurricane deck, a cross-deck about amidships, a bridge-deck or bridge: the upper light deck of a passenger-steamer. [Sp. huracan, from Caribbean.]

Hurry, hur′i, v.t. to urge forward: to hasten.—v.i to move or act with haste:—pa.p. hurr′ied.—n. a driving forward: haste: tumult: a tremolando passage for violins, &c., in connection with an exciting situation.—adj. Hurr′ied.—adv. Hurr′iedly.—n. Hurr′iedness.—adv. Hurr′yingly.—n. Hurr′y-skurr′y, confusion and bustle.—adv. confusedly. [Imit. Cf. Old Sw. hurra, to whirl round.]

Hurst, hurst, n. a wood, a grove. [A.S. hyrst.]

Hurt, hurt, v.t. to cause bodily pain to: to damage: to wound, as the feelings.—v.i. to give pain, &c.:—pa.t. and pa.p. hurt.—n. a wound: injury.—n. Hurt′er, that which hurts: a beam at the lower end of a gun-platform to save the parapet: a piece of iron or wood fixed to the top-rails of a gun-carriage to check its motion: the shoulder of an axle against which the hub strikes.—adj. Hurt′ful, causing hurt or loss: mischievous.—adv. Hurt′fully.—n. Hurt′fulness.—adj. Hurt′less, without hurt or injury, harmless.—adv. Hurt′lessly.—n. Hurt′lessness. [O. Fr. hurter (Fr. heurter), to knock, to run against; prob. from the Celtic, as in W. hwrdd, a thrust, the butt of a ram, Corn. hordh, a ram.]

Hurtle, hurt′l, v.t. to dash against: to move violently: to clash: to rattle.—v.i. to move rapidly with a whirring sound. [Freq. of hurt in its original sense.]

Hurtleberry, a form of whortleberry.

Husband, huz′band, n. a married man: (B.) a man to whom a woman is betrothed: one who manages affairs with prudence: (naut.) the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person.—v.t. to supply with a husband: to manage with economy.—n. Hus′bandage, allowance or commission of a ship's husband.—adjs. Hus′bandless (Shak.), without a husband; Hus′bandly, frugal, thrifty.—ns. Hus′bandman, a working farmer: one who labours in tillage; Hus′bandry, the business of a farmer: tillage: economical management: thrift. [M. E. husbonde—A.S. húsbonda, Ice. húsbóndi—hús, a house, búandi, inhabiting, pr.p. of Ice. búa, to dwell. Cf. Ger. bauen, to till.]

Hush, hush, interj. or imper. silence! be still!—adj. silent: quiet.—v.t. to make quiet: (min.) to clear off soil, &c., overlying the bed-rock.—ns. Hush′aby, a lullaby used to soothe babies to sleep; Hush′-mon′ey, money given as a bribe to hush or make one keep silent.—Hush up, to stifle, suppress: to be silent. [Imit. Cf. hist and whist.]

Husk, husk, n. the dry, thin covering of certain fruits and seeds: (pl.) refuse, waste.—v.t. to remove the husk or outer integument from.—adj. Husked, covered with a husk: stripped of husks.—ns. Husk′er, one who husks Indian corn, esp. at a husking-bee; Husk′ing, the stripping of husks: a festive gathering to assist in husking Indian corn (maize)—also Husk′ing-bee. [M. E. huske, orig. with l, as in cog. Ger. hülse, Dut. hulse, &c.]

Husky, husk′i, adj. hoarse, as the voice: rough in sound.—adv. Husk′ily.—n. Husk′iness. [A corr. of husty, from M. E. host (Scot. hoast, host, a cough)—A.S. hwósta, a cough; cf. Ger. husten.]

Huso, hū′so, n. the great sturgeon.

Hussar, hooz-zär′, n. a light-armed cavalry soldier: (orig.) a soldier of the national cavalry of Hungary. [Not Hung. huszar—husz, twenty, because at one time in Hungary one cavalry soldier used to be levied from every twenty families; but Slav. hussar, gooseherd, the sobriquet of the raiding horse of Matthias Corvinus (1443-90).]

Hussif. See Housewife. [Contr. of housewife.]

Hussite, hus′sīt, n. a follower of the Bohemian reformer, John Hus, martyred in 1415.

Hussy, huz′i, n. a pert girl: a worthless wench.

Hustings, hus′tingz, n.sing. the principal court of the city of London: formerly the booths where the votes were taken at an election of an M.P., or the platform from which the candidates gave their addresses. [A.S. hústing, a council, but a Scand. word, and used in speaking of the Danes—Ice. hústhing—hús, a house, thing, an assembly.]

Hustle, hus′l, v.t. to shake or push together: to crowd with violence.—n. Hus′tler, an energetic fellow. [Old Dut. hutsen, hutselen, to shake to and fro; cf. hotchpotch.]

Huswife. See Housewife.

Hut, hut, n. a small or mean house: (mil.) a small temporary dwelling.—v.t. (mil.) to place in huts, as quarters:—pr.p. hut′ting; pa.p. hut′ted. [Fr. hutte—Old High Ger. hutta (Ger. hütte).]

Hutch, huch, n. a box, a chest: a coop for rabbits: a baker's kneading-trough: a trough used with some ore-dressing machines: a low wagon in which coal is drawn up out of the pit.—v.i. (Milt.) to hoard up. [Fr. huche, a chest—Low L. hutica, a box; prob. Teut.]

Hutchinsonian, huch-in-sōn′i-an, n. a follower of John Hutchinson (1674-1737), who held that the Hebrew Scriptures contain typically the elements of all rational philosophy, natural history, and true religion.

Huttonian, hut-ō′ni-an, adj. relating to the views of James Hutton (1726-97), who emphasised natural agencies in the formation of the earth's crust.

Huzza, hooz-zä′, interj. and n. hurrah! a shout of joy or approbation.—v.t. to attend with shouts of joy.—v.i. to utter shouts of joy or acclamation:—pr.p. huzza′ing; pa.p. huzzaed (-zäd′). [Ger. hussa; the same as hurrah.]

Hyacine, hī′a-sin, n. (Spens.) the hyacinth.

Hyacinth, hī′a-sinth, n. a bulbous-rooted flower of a great variety of colours: (myth.) a flower which sprang from the blood of Hyacinthus, a youth killed by Apollo with a quoit: a precious stone, the jacinth.—adj. Hyacin′thine, consisting of or resembling hyacinth: very beautiful, like Hyacinthus: curling like the hyacinth. [Doublet of jacinth.]

Hyades, hī′a-dēz, Hyads, hī′adz, n. a cluster of five stars in the constellation of the Bull, supposed by the ancients to bring rain when they rose with the sun. [Gr. hyades, explained by the ancients as from hyein, to rain; more prob.=little pigs, hys, a pig.]

Hyæna, Hyena, hī-ē′na, n. a bristly-maned quadruped of the dog kind, so named from its likeness to the sow.—Laughing hyæna, the tiger-wolf or spotted hyæna of South Africa, emitting at times a sound somewhat like hysterical laughter. [L.,—Gr. hyaina—hys, a sow.]

Hyaline, hī′a-lin, adj. glassy: consisting of or like glass.—n. a glassy transparent surface.—n. Hyales′cence, the process of becoming glassy.—adj. Hyales′cent.—ns. Hy′alite, a variety of opal like colourless gum; Hyalīt′is, inflammation of the vitreous humour; Hyalog′raphy, the art of engraving on glass.—adj. Hy′aloid, hyaline, transparent. [Gr. hyalinos—hyalos, glass, prob. Egyptian.]

Hybernate, &c. See Hibernate, &c.

Hyblæan, hi-blē′an, adj. pertaining to ancient Hybla in Sicily, noted for its honey.

Hybrid, hī′brid, or hib′-, n. an animal or plant produced from two different species: a mongrel: a mule: a word formed of elements from different languages.—adjs. Hy′brid, Hyb′ridous, produced from different species: mongrel.—adj. Hy′bridisable.—n. Hybridisā′tion.—v.t. and v.i. Hy′bridise, to cause to interbreed, and to interbreed.—-ns. Hybridis′er; Hy′bridism, Hybrid′ity, state of being hybrid. [Fr.,—L. hibrida, a mongrel.]

Hydatid, hī′dā-tid, n. a watery cyst or vesicle sometimes found in animal bodies.—n. Hy′datism, the sound caused by the fluctuation of pus in an abscess.—adj. Hyd′atoid, watery, aqueous. [Gr. hydatis, a watery vesicle—hydōr, hydatos, water.]

Hydra, hī′dra, n. (myth.) a water-serpent with many heads, which when cut off were succeeded by others: any manifold evil: a genus of fresh-water polyps remarkable for their power of multiplication by being cut or divided.—adjs. Hy′dra-head′ed, difficulty to root out, springing up vigorously again and again; Hy′droid, like the hydra. [L.,—Gr. hydra—hydōr, water, akin to Sans. udras, an otter.]

Hydragogue, hī′dra-gōg, n. a very active purgative, such as jalap. [Gr. hydōr, water, agōgos, leading, agein, to lead.]

Hydrangea, hī-dran′je-a, n. a genus of shrubby plants with large heads of showy flowers, natives of China and Japan. [Gr. hydōr, water, anggeion, vessel.]

Hydrant, hī′drant, n. a machine for discharging water: a water-plug. [Gr. hydōr, water.]

Hydrate, hī′drāt, n. a compound formed by the union of water with an oxide.—n. Hydrā′tion. [Gr. hydōr, water.]

Hydraulic, -al, hī-drawl′ik, -al, adj. relating to hydraulics: conveying water: worked by water.—adv. Hydraul′ically.—n.pl. Hydraul′ics, used as sing., the science of hydrodynamics in its practical application to water-pipes, &c.—Hydraulic belt, an arrangement for lifting water, consisting of an endless belt fitted with buckets which discharge as they turn over an upper wheel; Hydraulic cement, lime, a cement that sets or hardens under water; Hydraulic jack, a jack or lifting apparatus, by means of oil, &c., pressed by a force-pump against a piston or plunger; Hydraulic mining, a method of mining by which the auriferous detritus is washed down by a powerful jet of water into a sluice where the gold is easily separated; Hydraulic press, a press operated by the differential pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions; Hydraulic ram, an automatic pump worked by the pressure of a column of water in a pipe, and the force acquired by intermittent motion of the column. [From Gr. hydōr, water, aulos, a pipe.]

Hydria, hī′dri-a, n. a large Greek water-vase.—n. Hy′driad, a water-nymph.

Hydrid, hī′drid, n. (chem.) a substance consisting of hydrogen combined with an element or some compound radical.—n. Hy′driodate, a salt of hydriodic acid.—adj. Hydriod′ic, produced by the combination of hydrogen and iodine.

Hydrobarometer, hī-dro-ba-rom′e-ter, n. an instrument for determining the depth of the sea by the pressure of the superincumbent water.

Hydrobromic, hī-dro-brō′mik, adj. compounded of bromine and hydrogen.—n. Hydrobrō′mate, a salt of hydrobromic acid—same as bromide; also Bromhydrate.

Hydrocarbon, hī-dro-kär′bon, n. a compound of hydrogen and carbon.—Hydrocarbon furnace, a furnace in which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hydrocele, hī′dro-sēl, n. (med.) a swelling consisting of a collection of serous fluid in the scrotum or in some of the coverings of the testicle or spermatic cord. [Gr. hydōr, water, kēlē, a swelling.]

Hydrocephalus, hī-dro-sef′a-lus, n. an accumulation of serous fluid within the cranial cavity, either in the sub-dural space or the ventricles: water in the head: dropsy of the brain.—adjs. Hydrocephal′ic, Hydroceph′aloid, Hydroceph′alous. [Gr. hydōr, water, kephalē, the head.]

Hydrochloric, hī-dro-klō′rik, adj. compounded of hydrogen and chlorine.—n. Hydrochlō′rate, a salt of hydrochloric acid.

Hydrocyanic, hī-dro-sī-an′ik, adj. noting an acid formed by the combination of hydrogen and cyanogen—also Prussic acid.—ns. Hydrocy′anide, Hydrocy′anite.

Hydrodynamics, hī-dro-di-nam′iks, n.pl. used as sing., the science that treats of the motions and equilibrium of a material system partly or wholly fluid, called Hydrostatics when the system is in equilibrium, Hydrokinetics when it is not.—adjs. Hydrodynam′ic, -al.—n. Hydrodynamom′eter, an instrument for measuring the velocity of fluid in motion by its pressure.—adj. Hydroelec′tric, pertaining to electricity generated by the escape of steam under high pressure.—n. Hy′dro-extract′or, an apparatus for removing moisture from yarns, cloths, &c., in process of manufacture. [Gr. hydōr, water, and dynamics.]

Hydrofluoric, hī-dro-flōō-or′ik, adj. consisting of fluorine and hydrogen.

Hydrogen, hī′dro-jen, n. a gas which in combination with oxygen produces water, an elementary gaseous substance, the lightest of all known substances, and very inflammable.—adjs. Hy′dric, containing hydrogen; Hydrog′enous, containing hydrogen: produced by the action of water, as applied to rocks in opposition to those that are pyrogenous, formed by the action of fire. [A word coined by Cavendish (1766) from Gr. hydōr, water, and genēs, producing.]

Hydrography, hī-drog′ra-fi, n. the art of measuring and describing the size and position of waters or seas: the art of making sea-charts.—n. Hydrog′rapher, a maker of sea-charts.—adjs. Hydrograph′ic, -al.—adv. Hydrograph′ically. [Gr. hydōr, water, graphein, to write.]

Hydrokinetics, hī-dro-ki-net′iks, n.pl. used as sing., a branch of Hydrodynamics (q.v.).

Hydrology, hī-drol′o-ji, n. the science which treats of water.—adjs. Hydrolog′ic, -al.—n. Hydrol′ogist. [Gr. hydōr, water, logia, a discourse.]

Hydrolysis, hī-drol′i-sis, n. a kind of chemical decomposition by which a compound is resolved into other compounds by taking up the elements of water.—adj. Hydrolyt′ic. [Gr. hydōr, water, lysis—lyein, to loose.]

Hydromancy, hī′dro-man-si, n. divination by water.—adj. Hydromant′ic. [Gr. hydōr, water, manteia, divination.]

Hydromania, hī-dro-mā′ni-a, n. an insatiable craving for water, as in diabetes: a morbid propensity to suicide by drowning.

Hydromechanics, hī-dro-me-kan′iks, n. the mechanics of fluids.

Hydromel, hī′dro-mel, n. a beverage made of honey and water. [Gr. hydōr, water, meli, honey.]

Hydrometamorphism, hī-dro-met-a-mor′fizm, n. a kind of metamorphism of igneous rocks brought about by water, in opposition to Pyrometamorphism, that brought about by means of heat.

Hydrometeorology, hī-dro-mē-te-or-ol′o-ji, n. the branch of meteorology which treats of water in the atmosphere, as rain, clouds, snow, &c.—n. Hydromē′teor, any one of the aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere. [Gr. hydōr, water, meteōron, a meteor.]

Hydrometer, hī-drom′et-ėr, n. an instrument for measuring the density or specific gravity of solids and liquids by flotation, consisting of a weighted glass bulb or hollow metal cylinder with a long stem: a current-gauge.—adjs. Hydromet′ric, -al.—n. Hydrom′etry. [Gr. hydōr, water, metron, a measure.]

Hydromotor, hī-dro-mō′tor, n. a form of motor for propelling vessels by means of jets of water ejected from the sides or stern.

Hydromys, hī′dro-mis, n. an Australasian genus of rodents, known as water-rats and beaver-rats. [Gr. hydōr, water, mys, mouse.]

Hydronette, hī′dro-net, n. a syringe: a garden force-pump.

Hydropathy, hī-drop′a-thi, n. the treatment of disease by cold water.—adjs. Hydropath′ic, -al.—adv. Hydropath′ically.—n. Hydrop′athist, one who practises hydropathy.—Hydropathic establishment or (coll.) simply Hydropath′ic, a temperance hotel where the guests can have hydropathic treatment if desired. [Gr. hydōr, water, pathos, suffering, pathein, to suffer.]

Hydrophane, hī′dro-fān, n. a partly translucent variety of opal which becomes transparent when wetted.—adj. Hydroph′anous. [Gr. hydōr, water, phainein, to shine.]

Hydrophidæ, hī-drof′i-dē, n.pl. a family of venomous sea-snakes. [Gr. hydōr, water, ophis, snake.]

Hydrophobia, hī-dro-fō′bi-a, n. an unnatural dread of water, a symptom of a disease known as Rabies, usually resulting from the bite of a mad dog—hence the disease itself.—adj. Hydrophob′ic. [Gr. hydōr, water, phobos, fear.]

Hydrophone, hī′dro-fōn, n. a marine electric apparatus for detecting the approach of a torpedo-boat, &c.

Hydrophore, hī′dro-fōr, n. an apparatus for obtaining specimens of water from any required depth.

Hydrophthalmia, hī-drof-thal′mi-a, n. an increase in quantity of the aqueous or the vitreous humour.

Hydrophyte, hī′dro-fīt, n. a plant living in water.—n. Hydrophytog′raphy, the branch of botany which describes such—also Hydrophytol′ogy. [Gr. hydōr, water, phyton, a plant, logia, discourse.]

Hydropsy, hī′drop-si, n. dropsy.—adjs. Hydrop′ic, Hydrop′tic, dropsical: thirsty.

Hydropult, hī′dro-pult, n. a hand force-pump.

Hydrosaurus, hī-dro-saw′rus, n. a genus of monitor-lizards, of aquatic habit, found in the Malay Peninsula, &c. [Gr. hydōr, water, sauros, a lizard.]

Hydroscope, hī′dro-skōp, n. a kind of water-clock, consisting of a cylindrical graduated tube, from which the water escaped through a hole in the bottom. [Gr. hydōr, water, skopein, to view.]

Hydrosoma, hī-dro-sō′ma, n. the entire organism of any hydrozoon:—pl. Hydrosō′mata.—adjs. Hydrosō′mal, Hydrosō′matous.

Hydrostatics, hī-dro-stat′iks, n.pl. used as sing., a branch of Hydrodynamics (which see).—n. Hy′drostat, an electrical contrivance for detecting a leakage or overflow of water: an apparatus devised to guard against the explosion of steam boilers.—adjs. Hydrostat′ic, -al.—adv. Hydrostat′ically.—Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing bodies in water to determine their specific gravity; Hydrostatic bellows, a device for illustrating the law that fluid pressure is proportional to area; Hydrostatic paradox, the principle that (disregarding molecular forces) any quantity of fluid, however small, may balance any weight, however great, as in the hydrostatic bellows; Hydrostatic press, the same as Hydraulic Press.

Hydrosulphuric, hī-dro-sul-fū′rik, adj. formed by a combination of hydrogen and sulphur.

Hydrotelluric, hī-dro-tel-lū′rik, adj. pertaining to hydrogen and tellurium.

Hydro-therapeutics, hī-dro-ther-a-pū′tiks, n.pl. remedial treatment of disease by water in various modes and forms—also Hydrother′apy.—adj. Hydrotherapeu′tic.

Hydrothermal, hī-dro-ther′mal, adj. pertaining to, or produced by, action of heated or super-heated water, esp. in dissolving, transporting, and redepositing mineral matter.

Hydrothorax, hī-dro-thō′raks, n. a term applied to dropsical collections in the pleura. [Gr. hydōr, water, thōrax, chest.]

Hydrotropism, hī-dro-trop′izm, n. the habit induced in a growing organ by the influence of moisture, of turning toward, or away from, the moisture.—adj. Hydrotrop′ic. [Gr. hydōr, water, tropos, a turn.]

Hydrous, hī′drus, adj. watery, containing hydrogen.

Hydroxide, hī-droks′īd, n. a metallic or basic radical combined with one or more hydroxyl groups.—n. Hydrox′yl, a compound radical not yet isolated, but found in many chemical compounds.

Hydrozoa, hī-dro-zō′a, n.pl. (sing. Hydrozō′on) one of the main divisions of the sub-kingdom Cœlenterata, the other two being Ctenophora and Anthozoa or Actinozoa; they are chiefly marine organisms, soft and gelatinous, free or fixed, existing everywhere, endlessly varied in form and complexity of structure, including such great groups as hydroids, acalephs, medusans, jelly-fish, sea-blubbers, &c.—adjs. Hydrozō′an, Hydrozō′ic. [Gr. hydōr, water, zōon, an animal.]

Hydruret. Same as Hydrid.

Hyena, hī-ē′na, Hyen, hī′en, n. (Shak.) a hyæna.

Hyetal, hī′e-tal, adj. rainy.—n. Hy′etograph, a chart showing the average rainfall of the earth or any of its divisions.—adjs. Hyetograph′ic, -al.—ns. Hyetog′raphy; Hyetol′ogy; Hyetom′eter; Hyetomet′rograph. [Gr. hyetos, rain.]

Hygeian, hī-jē′an, adj. relating to health and its preservation.—ns. Hygeia (hī-jē′a), goddess of health, daughter of Æsculapius; Hy′giēne, Hygien′ics, Hy′gienism, the science which treats of the preservation of health.—adj. Hygien′ic.—adv. Hygien′ically.—n. Hy′gienist, one skilled in hygiene; Hygiol′ogy, art of the preservation of health. [Gr. hygieia—hygiēs, healthy.]

Hygrodeik, hī′gro-dīk, n. a form of hygrometer in which the atmospheric humidity is indicated by an index controlled by the heights of a wet-bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer, supported on each side of a frame on which is described a scale. [Gr. hygros, wet, deik-nynai, to show.]

Hygrometer, hī-grom′et-ėr, n. an instrument for measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, or its relative humidity.—n. Hygrom′etry, the art of measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies generally.—adjs. Hygromet′ric, -al. [Gr. hygros, wet, metron, a measure.]

Hygroscope, hī′gro-skōp, n. an instrument for indicating the humidity of the atmosphere.—adjs. Hygroscop′ic, -al.—ns. Hygroscopic′ity; Hygrostat′ics, the art of measuring degrees of moisture. [Gr. hygros, wet, skopein, to view.]

Hyksos, hik′sos, n. the shepherd kings, apparently a Tartar race who overthrew the reigning dynasty of Lower Egypt about 2000 B.C., and reigned until overturned by the Egyptian rulers of Upper Egypt about 1700 B.C.

Hyleg, hī′leg, n. the planet which rules at the hour of one's birth, in that sign of the zodiac immediately above the eastern horizon. [Ar.]

Hylism, hī′lizm, n. materialism—also Hy′licism.—ns. Hy′licist; Hylogen′esis, the origin of matter; Hy′lotheism, the doctrine that there is no God but matter and the universe.—adjs. Hylozō′ical, Hylozois′tic.—ns. Hylozō′ism, the doctrine that all matter is endowed with life; Hylozō′ist.

Hylopathism, hī-lop′a-thizm, n. the doctrine that matter is sentient.—n. Hylop′athist, one who maintains this. [Gr. hylē, matter, pathos, suffering.]

Hymen, hī′men, n. (myth.) the god of marriage: marriage: a thin membrane partially closing the virginal vagina.—adjs. Hymenē′al, Hymenē′an.—n. Hymē′nium, the fructifying surface in fungi. [L.,—Gr. hymēn; cf. Gr. hymnos, a festive song.]

Hymenopteral, hī-men-op′tėr-al, adj. pertaining to the Hymenop′tera, an order of insects having four membranous wings.—Also Hymenop′terous. [Gr. hymēn, a membrane, pteron, a wing.]

Hymenotomy, hī-men-ot′o-mi, n. the cutting or dissection of membranes.

Hymn, him, n. a song of praise, a metrical formula of public worship.—v.t. to celebrate in song: to worship by hymns.—v.i. to sing in adoration.—ns. Hym′nal, Hym′nary, a hymn-book.—adj. Hym′nic, relating to hymns.—ns. Hym′nody, hymns collectively: hymnology; Hymnog′rapher; Hymnog′raphy, the art of writing hymns; Hymnol′ogist; Hymnol′ogy, the study or composition of hymns. [Gr. hymnos.]

Hyoid, hī′oid, adj. having the form of the Greek letter upsilon (υ), applied to a bone at the base of the tongue. [Gr. hyoeidēs—the letter υ, and eidos, form.]

Hyoscyamine, hī-ō-skī′a-mīn, n. a very poisonous alkaloid found in the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, or henbane. [Gr. hyoskyamos, henbane.]

Hyp. See Hip (3).

Hypæthral, hip-ē′thral, adj. roofless, open to the sky.—n. Hypæ′thron, an open court. [Gr. hypo, beneath, aithēr, air.]

Hypalgesia, hip-al-jē′si-a, n. diminished susceptibility to painful impressions—also Hyperal′gia.—adj. Hyperalgē′sic. [Gr. hypo, under, algos, pain.]

Hypallage, hi-pal′a-jē, n. (rhet.) a figure in which the relations of things in a sentence are mutually interchanged, but without obscuring the sense. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. hypallassein, to interchange—hypo, under, alassein, to change.]

Hyperacute, hī-per-a-kūt′, adj. excessively acute.—n. Hyperacute′ness.

Hyperæsthesia, hī-per-es-thē′si-a, n. (path.) excessive sensibility.—adj. Hyperæsthet′ic.

Hyperbaton, hī-per′ba-ton, n. (rhet.) a figure by which words are transposed from their natural order.—adj. Hyperbat′ic.—adv. Hyperbat′ically. [Gr.,—hyperbainein—hyper, beyond, bainein, to go.]

Hyperbola, hī-per′bo-la, n. (geom.) one of the conic sections or curves formed when the intersecting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.—adjs. Hyperbol′ic, -al.—adv. Hyperbol′ically.—adjs. Hyperbol′iform; Hyper′boloid. [L.,—Gr. hyperbolē, from hyperballein—hyper, beyond, ballein, to throw.]

Hyperbole, hī-per′bo-le, n. a rhetorical figure which produces a vivid impression by representing things as much greater or less than they really are—not expecting to be taken literally: an obvious exaggeration.—adjs. Hyperbol′ic, -al.—adv. Hyperbol′ically.—v.t. Hyper′bolise, to represent hyperbolically.—v.i. to speak hyperbolically or with exaggeration.—n. Hyper′bolism. [A doublet of the above.]

Hyperborean, hī-per-bō′rē-an, adj. belonging to the extreme north.—n. an inhabitant of the extreme north. [Gr. hyperboreos—hyper, beyond, Boreas, the north wind.]

Hypercatalectic, hī-per-kat-a-lek′tik, adj. (pros.) having an additional syllable or half-foot after the last complete dipody.—n. Hypercatalex′is.

Hypercritic, hī-per-krit′ik, n. one who is over-critical.—adjs. Hypercrit′ic, -al, over-critical.—adv. Hypercrit′ically.—v.t. Hypercrit′icise, to criticise with too much nicety.—n. Hypercrit′icism.

Hyperdulia, hī-per-dū-lī′a, n. the special kind of worship paid by Roman Catholics to the Virgin Mary, being higher than that paid to other saints (dulia), and distinct from that paid to God alone (latria). [Gr. hyper, beyond, douleia, service.]

Hyperemesis, hī-per-em′e-sis, n. excessive vomiting.—adj. Hyperemet′ic. [Gr. hyper, over, emesis, vomiting.]

Hyperemia, Hyperæmia, hī-per-ē′mi-a, n. an excessive accumulation of blood in any part of the body.—adjs. Hyperem′ic, Hyperæ′mic. [Gr. hyper, over, haima, blood.]

Hyperesthetic, hī-per-es-thet′ik, adj. morbidly sensitive.—Also Hyperesthē′sic.

Hypericum, hī-per′i-kum, n. a large genus of plants, of which St John's wort is a typical species. [Gr. hypo, under, ereikē, heath.]

Hyperinosis, hī-per-i-nō′sis, n. excess of fibrin in the blood:—opp. to Hypinosis.—adj. Hyperinot′ic.

Hyperion, hī-pēr′i-on, n. a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Helios, Selene, and Eos: Helios himself, the incarnation of light and beauty.

Hypermetrical, hī-per-met′rik-al, adj. beyond or exceeding the ordinary metre of a line: having a syllable too much.—n. Hyper′meter.

Hypermetropia, hī-per-me-trō′pi-a, n. long-sightedness, the opposite of Myopia—-also Hyperop′ia.—adj. Hypermetrop′ic. [Gr. hyper, beyond, metron, measure, ōps, eye.]

Hyperorthodox, hī-per-or′thō-doks, adj. extremely orthodox—n. Hyperor′thodoxy.

Hyperphasia, hī-per-fā′zi-a, n. (path.) lack of control of the organs of speech.—adj. Hyperphā′sic.

Hyperphysical, hī-per-fiz′ik-al, adj. beyond physical laws: supernatural.

Hyperplasia, hī-per-plā′si-a, n. (path.) overgrowth of a part due to excessive multiplication of its cells.—adjs. Hyperplas′ic, Hyperplas′tic. [Gr. hyper, over, plasis, a forming—plassein, to form.]

Hypersarcosis, hī-per-sar-kō′sis, n. (path.) proud or fungous flesh.—Also Hypersarcō′ma.

Hypersensitive, hī-per-sen′si-tiv, adj. excessively sensitive.—n. Hypersen′sitiveness.

Hypersthene, hī-per-sthēn′, n. a rock-forming mineral which crystallises in orthorhombic forms, an anhydrous magnesian silicate, generally dark green or raven-black in colour.—adj. Hypersthē′nic.—n. Hypersthē′nite, a more or less coarsely crystalline igneous rock, allied to gabbro—an aggregate of labradorite (feldspar) and hypersthene, of plutonic origin. [Gr. hyper; above, sthenos, strength.]

Hypersthenia, hī-per-sthē′ni-a, n. (path.) a morbid condition marked by excessive excitement of all the vital phenomena.—adj. Hypersthē′nic. [Gr. hyper, above, sthenos, strength.]

Hyperthesis, hī-per′the-sis, n. a transfer of a letter from its own to the syllable immediately before or after.—adj. Hyperthet′ic. [Gr. hyper, over, thesis—tithenai, to put.]

Hypertrophy, hī-per′tro-fi, n. over-nourishment: the state of an organ or part of the body when it grows too large from over-nourishment.—adjs. Hypertroph′ic, -al, Hyper′trophied, Hyper′trophous. [Gr. hyper, above, trophē, nourishment.]

Hyphen, hī′fen, n. a short stroke (-) joining two syllables or words.—adj. Hyphen′ic. [Gr. hypo, under, hen, one.]

Hypnotism, hip′no-tizm, n. a sleep-like condition induced by artificial means: a nervous sleep like the condition under mesmerism.—n. Hypnogen′esis, production of hypnotism—also Hypnog′eny.—adj. Hypnogenet′ic.—adv. Hypnogenet′ically.—adjs. Hypnogen′ic, Hypnot′ic, having the property of producing sleep; Hypnog′enous.—ns. Hypnol′ogy, the sum of knowledge about sleep; Hypnō′sis, the production of sleep: the hypnotic state; Hypnot′ic, a medicine that induces sleep; Hypnotisabil′ity.—adj. Hyp′notisable.—n. Hypnotisā′tion.—v.t. Hyp′notīse, to subject to hypnotism, to produce hypnotic sleep in any one.—n. Hyp′notīser.—adjs. Hypnotis′tic; Hyp′notoid, like hypnotism. [Coined in 1843 from Gr. hypnos, sleep.]

Hypnum, hip′num, n. the largest genus of mosses, order Bryineæ, having archegonia and capsules borne on special lateral branches.

Hypobole, hip-pob′o-lē, n. (rhet.) the mention in argument of things apparently damaging to one's side, with the successive refutation of each. [Gr.]

Hypocaust, hip′o-kawst, n. among the ancients, a vaulted chamber from which the heat of stoves was distributed to baths or rooms above: now applied to the fireplace of a stove or hothouse. [Gr. hypokauston—hypo, under, kaiein, to burn.]

Hypochondria, hip-o-kon′dri-a, n. a nervous malady, often arising from indigestion, and tormenting the patient with imaginary fears—more correctly, Hypochondrī′asis—also Hypochonrī′acism, Hypochondrī′asis, Hypochon′driasm.—n. Hypochon′driac, one suffering from hypochondria—also Hypochon′driast.—adjs. Hypochon′driac, -al, relating to or affected with hypochondria: melancholy.—n. Hypochon′drium (anat.), that region of the abdomen situated on either side, under the costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.,—Gr., from hypo, under, chrondos, a cartilage.]

Hypocist, hī′po-sist, n. an inspissated juice from a parasitic plant of the cytinus family.

Hypocrisy, hi-pok′ri-si, n. a feigning to be what one is not: concealment of true character. [Gr. hypokrisis—hypokrinesthai, to play on the stage, from hypo, under, krinein, to decide.]

Hypocrite, hip′o-krit, n. one who practises hypocrisy.—adj. Hypocrit′ical, practising hypocrisy.—adv. Hypocrit′ically. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. hypokritēs.]

Hypocycloid, hī-po-sī′kloid, n. a curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls on the inside of another circle.—adj. Hypocyoloid′al.

Hypodermic, hī-po-der′mik, adj. relating to the parts under the skin, subcutaneous, esp. of a method of injecting a drug in solution under the skin by means of a fine hollow needle to which a small syringe is attached—also Hypoder′mal.—n. Hypoder′ma, the layer of colourless cells immediately beneath the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr. hypo, under, derma, the skin.]

Hypogastric, hip-o-gas′trik, adj. belonging to the lower part of the abdomen.—ns. Hypogas′trium, the lower part of the belly; Hypogas′trocele, a hernia through the walls of the lower belly. [Gr. hypo, under, gastēr, the belly.]

Hypogene, hī′po-jēn, adj. (geol.) of or pertaining to rocks which have assumed their present structure under the surface, plutonic:—opp. to Epigene.—adj. Hypog′enous (bot.), produced below the surface, of fungi growing on the under side of leaves:—opp. to Epigenous and Epiphyllous. [Gr. hypo, under, genēs, produced.]

Hypogeum, hī-po-jē′um, n. the part of a building below the ground, any underground chamber.—adjs. Hypogē′al, Hypogæ′an, Hypogē′an, subterranean. [Gr. hypo, under, gē, the ground.]

Hypoglossal, hī-po-glos′al, adj. situated under the tongue. [Gr. hypo, under, glōssa, the tongue.]

Hypognathous, hī-pog′nā-thus, adj. (ornith.) having the under mandible longer than the upper, as the black skimmer.—n. Hypog′nathism.

Hypogynous, hī-poj′i-nus, adj. (bot.) growing from beneath the ovary, said of certain parts of plants. [Gr. hypo, under, gynē, a woman.]

Hyponasty, hī′po-nas-ti, n. (bot.) increased growth along the lower surface of an organ or part of a plant, causing the part to bend upward:—opp. to Epinasty.

Hypophosphite, hī-po-fos′fīt, n. (chem.) a salt obtained by the union of hypophosphorous acid with a salifiable base—also Hypophos′phate.—adjs. Hypophosphor′ic, Hypophos′phorous, containing less oxygen than phosphorous acid contains.

Hypophysis, hī-pof′i-sis, n. the pituitary body of the brain: (bot.) an inflated part of the pedicel under the capsule, in mosses; in flowering plants, a cell of the embryo producing the primary root and root-cap. [Gr. hypo, under, phyein, to grow.]

Hypostasis, hī-pos′ta-sis, n. a substance: the essence or real personal subsistence or substance of each of the three divisions of the Godhead.—adjs. Hypostat′ic, -al.—adv. Hypostat′ically.—v.t. Hypos′tatīse. [L.,—Gr. hypostasis—hyphistēmi—hypo, under, histēmi, I make to stand.]

Hypostrophe, hī-pos′tro-fe, n. return of a disease, relapse: (rhet.) use of insertion or parenthesis.

Hypostyle, hī′po-stīl, adj. (archit.) having the roof supported by pillars. [Gr. hypo, under, stylos, a pillar.]

Hyposulphurous, hī-po-sul′fer-us, adj. next in a series below sulphurous.—Also Hyposulphū′ric.

Hypotaxis, hī-po-tak′sis, n. (gram.) dependent construction—opp. to Parataxis.—adj. Hypotac′tic.

Hypotenuse, hī-pot′en-ūs, or hip-, Hypothenuse, hī-poth′en-ūs, n. the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to the right angle. [Fr.,—Gr. hypoteinousa (grammē), lit. (a line) 'which stretches under'—hypo, under, teinein, to stretch.]

Hypothec, hī-poth′ek, n. in Scotch law, a lien or security over goods in respect of a debt due by the owner of the goods.—adj. Hypoth′ecary, pertaining to hypothecation or mortgage.—v.t. Hypoth′ecāte, to place or assign anything as security under an arrangement: to mortgage.—ns. Hypothecā′tion; Hypoth′ecator. [Fr.,—L. hypotheca—Gr. hypothēkē, a pledge.]

Hypothesis, hī-poth′e-sis, n. a supposition: a proposition assumed for the sake of argument: a theory to be proved or disproved by reference to facts: a provisional explanation of anything.—v.i. Hypoth′esize, to form hypotheses.—adjs. Hypothet′ic, -al, belonging to a hypothesis: conditional.—adv. Hypothet′ically. [Gr., hypo, under, tithenai, to place.]

Hypotyposis, hī-po-ti-pō′sis, n. (rhet.) vivid description of a scene.

Hypozoic, hī-po-zō′ik, adj. (geol.) below the limit of life: belonging to the Hypozō′a.—adj. and n. Hypozō′an.

Hypsometry, hip-som′e-tri, n. the art of measuring the heights of places on the earth's surface by means of the Hypsom′eter.—adj. Hypsomet′ric. [Gr. hypsi, on high, metron, a measure.]

Hypural, hī-pū′ral, adj. situated beneath the tail.

Hyrax, hī′raks, n. a genus of mammals of obscure affinities, like rabbits in size and marmots in appearance, living among rocks in Africa and Syria—the Cape Daman, Klippdass, or Rock-badger; the Shaphan (Hyrax syriacus) mistranslated 'cony' of Scripture; and the Abyssinian Ashtok.

Hyson, hī′son, n. a very fine sort of green tea.—n. Hy′son-skin, the refuse of hyson tea. [Chinese.]

Hyssop, his′up, n. an aromatic plant. [Fr.,—L. hyssopum—Gr. hyssōpos—Heb. ēzōph.]

Hysteranthous, his-ter-an′thus, adj. (bot.) having the leaves appearing after the flowers.

Hysteresis, his-te-rē′sis, n. magnetic friction in dynamos, by which every reversal of magnetism in the iron causes dissipation of energy. [Gr. hysterēsis, a deficiency—hysteros, later.]

Hysteric, -al, his-ter′ik, -al, adj. pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with hysterics or hysteria: like hysterics, fitfully and violently emotional.—adv. Hyster′ically.—ns. Hyster′ics, Hystēr′ia, a nervous affection occurring typically in paroxysms of laughing and crying alternately, with a choking sensation in the throat, but often as a counterfeit of some organic disease.—adjs. Hys′teroid, -al, like hysteria.—ns. Hysteromān′ia, hysterical mania, often marked by erotic delusions and an excessive desire to attract attention; Hysterot′omy, the operation of cutting into the uterus. [L. hystericus—Gr. hysterikos—hystera, the womb.]

Hysteron-proteron, his′ter-on-prot′er-on, n. a figure of speech in which what should follow comes first: an inversion. [Gr., lit. 'the last first.']

Hythe, hīth, n. Same as Hithe.

the ninth letter in the alphabet of western Europe, called iota by the Greeks, from its Semitic name yod, in most European languages the sound that of the Latin long i, which we have in the words machine and marine. The normal sound of i in English is that heard in bit, dip, sit, which is the short Latin i.

I, ī, pron. the nominative case singular of the first personal pronoun: the word used by a speaker or writer in mentioning himself: the object of self-consciousness, the ego. [M. E. ich—A.S. ic; Ger. ich, Ice. ek, L. ego, Gr. egō, Sans. aham.]

I, ī, adv. same as Ay.—I', a form of in.

Iambus, ī-am′bus, n. a metrical foot of two syllables, the first short and the second long, as in L. fĭdēs; or the first unaccented and the second accented, as in deduce—also Iamb′.—adj. Iam′bic, consisting of iambics.—n. iambus.—adv. Iam′bically, in the manner of an iambic.—v.i. Iam′bise, to satirise in iambic verse.—n. Iambog′rapher, a writer of iambics. [L.,—Gr. iambos, from iaptein, to assail, this metre being first used by writers of satire.]

Ianthina, ī-an-thī′na, n. a genus of gregarious, pelagic gasteropods, having a snail-like shell, but delicate, translucent, and blue in colour. [Gr. ianthinos—ion, a violet, anthos, a flower.]

Iatric, -al, ī-at′rik, -al, adj. relating to medicine or physicians.—adj. Iatrochem′ical, pertaining to Iatrochem′istry, a system of applying chemistry to medicine introduced by Francis de la Boë of Leyden (1614-72).—n. Iatrol′ogy, a treatise on medicine.

Iberian, ī-bē′ri-an, adj. Spanish.—n. one of the primitive inhabitants of Spain, of whom some think the Basques a remnant. [L. Iberia, Spain.]

Ibex, ī′beks, n. a genus of goats, inhabiting the Alps and other mountainous regions. [L.]

Ibidem, ib-ī′dem, adv. in the same place. [L.]

Ibis, ī′bis, n. a genus of wading birds related to the stork, one species of which was worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. [L.,—Gr.; an Egyptian word.]

Icarian, ī-kā′ri-an, adj. belonging to, or like, Icarus. [L. Icarius—Gr. Ikarios—Ikaros, who fell into the sea on his flight from Crete, his waxen wings being melted by the sun.]

Ice, īs, n. water congealed by freezing: concreted sugar, a frozen confection of sweetened cream or the juice of various fruits.—v.t. to cover with ice: to freeze: to cover with concreted sugar:—pr.p. ic′ing; pa.p. iced.—ns. Ice′-age (geol.), the glacial epoch, its records included in the Pleistocene system, the chief relics morainic materials, boulder-clay or till, believed to have been formed under glacial ice; Ice′-an′chor, an anchor with one arm for securing a vessel to an ice-floe; Ice′-bird, the little auk or sea-dove; Ice′blink, the peculiar appearance in the air reflected from distant masses of ice; Ice′boat, a boat used for forcing a passage through or being dragged over ice.—adj. Ice′-bound, bound, surrounded, or fixed in with ice.—ns. Ice′-brook, a frozen brook; Ice′-cream, Iced′-cream, cream sweetened or flavoured, and artificially frozen.—adj. Iced, covered with ice: encrusted with sugar.—n. Ice′-fall, a glacier.—n.pl. Ice′-feath′ers, peculiar feather-like forms assumed by ice at the summits of mountains.—ns. Ice′-fern, the fern-like encrustation which is found on windows during frost; Ice′field, a large field or sheet of ice; Ice′float, Ice′floe, a large mass of floating ice; Ice′foot, a belt of ice forming round the shores in Arctic regions—also Ice′-belt, Ice′-ledge, Ice′-wall; Ice′house, a house for preserving ice; Ice′-ī′sland, an island of floating ice; Ice′man, a man skilled in travelling upon ice: a dealer in ice: a man in attendance at any frozen pond where skating, &c., are going on; Ice′pack, drifting ice packed together; Ice′-pail, a pail filled with ice for cooling bottles of wine; Ice′-plant, a plant whose leaves glisten in the sun as if covered with ice; Ice′-plough, an instrument for cutting grooves in ice to facilitate its removal; Ice′-saw, a large saw for cutting through ice to free ships, &c.; Ice′-spar, a variety of feldspar remarkable for its transparent ice-like crystals; Ice′-wa′ter, water from melted ice: iced water.—adv. Ic′ily.—ns. Ic′iness; Ic′ing, a covering of ice or concreted sugar.—adjs. Ic′y, composed of, abounding in, or like ice: frosty: cold: chilling: without warmth of affection; Ic′y-pearled (Milt.), studded with pearls or spangles of ice.—Break the ice (see Break). [A.S. is; Ger. eis, Ice., Dan. is.]

Iceberg, īs′bėrg, n. a mountain or huge mass of floating ice. [From Scand., Norw., and Sw. isberg. See ice and berg=mountain.]

Icelander, īs′land-ėr, n. a native of Iceland.—n. Ice′land-dog, a shaggy white dog, sharp-eared, imported from Iceland.—adj. Iceland′ic, relating to Iceland.—n. the language of the Icelanders.—ns. Ice′land-moss, a lichen found in Iceland, Norway, &c., valuable as a medicine and for food; Ice′land-spar, a transparent variety of calcite or calcium carbonate.

Ichneumon, ik-nū′mun, n. a small carnivorous animal in Egypt, destroying crocodiles' eggs: an insect which lays its eggs on the larva of other insects. [L.,—Gr., ichneuein, to hunt after—ichnos, a track.]

Ichnite, ik′nīt, n. a fossil footprint. [Gr. ichnos.]

Ichnography, ik-nog′raf-i, n. a tracing out: (archit.) a ground-plan of a work or building.—adjs. Ichnograph′ic, -al.—adv. Ichnograph′ically. [Gr. ichnographia—ichnos, a track, graphein, to grave.]

Ichnolite, ik′no-līt, n. a stone retaining the impression of an extinct animal's footprint. [Gr. ichnos, a footprint, lithos, a stone.]

Ichnology, ik-nol′o-ji, n. footprint lore: the science of fossil footprints.—Also Ichnolithol′ogy. [Gr. ichnos, a track, a footprint, logia, discourse.]

Ichor, ī′kor, n. (myth.) the ethereal juice in the veins of the gods: a watery humour: colourless matter from an ulcer.—adj. I′chorous. [Gr. ichōr.]

Ichthine, ik′thin, n. an albuminous substance found in fishes' eggs. [Gr. ichthys, a fish.]

Ichthyodorulite, ik′thi-ō-dor′ōō-līt, n. the name given to fossil fish-spines in stratified rocks. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, doru, a spear, lithos, a stone.]

Ichthyography, ik-thi-og′ra-fi, n. a description of fishes. [Gr. ickthys, a fish, graphein, to write.]

Ichthyoid, -al, ik′thi-oid, -al, adj. having the form or characteristics of a fish—also Ich′thyic.—n. Ichthyocol′la, fish-glue, isinglass. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, eidos, form.]

Ichthyolatry, ik-thi-ol′a-tri, n. fish-worship.—adj. Ichthyol′atrous.

Ichthyolite, ik′thi-ō-līt, n. a fossil fish. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, lithos, a stone.]

Ichthyology, ik-thi-ol′o-ji, n. the branch of natural history that treats of fishes.—adj. Ichthyolog′ical.—n. Ichthyol′ogist, one skilled in ichthyology. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, logia, discourse.]

Ichthyophagy, ik-thi-of′a-ji, n. the practice of eating fish.—n. Ichthyoph′agist.—adj. Ichthyoph′agous. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, phagein, to eat.]

Ichthyopsida, ik-thi-op′si-da, n.pl. one of three primary groups of vertebrates in Huxley's classification (the other two, Sauropsida and Mammalia), comprising the amphibians or batrachians and the fish and fish-like vertebrates. [Gr. ichthys, fish, opsis, appearance.]

Ichthyornis, ik-thi-or′nis, n. a fossil bird with vertebræ like those of fishes, and with teeth set in sockets. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, ornis, a bird.]

Ichthyosauria, ik-thi-o-sawr′i-a, n. an order of gigantic extinct marine reptiles, uniting some of the characteristics of the Saurians with those of fishes.—adj. Ichthyosaur′ian.—n. Ich′thyosaurus. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, sauros, a lizard.]

Ichthyosis, ik-thi-ō′sis, n. a disease in which the skin becomes hardened, thickened, rough, and almost horny in severe cases.—adj. Ichthyot′ic. [Gr. ichthys, a fish.]

Icthyotomy, ik-thi-ot′o-mi, n. the anatomy of fishes.—n. Ichthyot′omist.

Ichthys, ik′this, n. an emblem or motto (ΙΧΘΥΣ) supposed to have a mystical connection with Jesus Christ, being the first letters of the Greek words meaning 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.'

Icicle, īs′i-kl, n. a hanging point of ice formed by the freezing of dropping water. [A.S. ísgicel, for isesgicel; ises being the gen. of ís, ice, and gicel, an icicle; cf. Ice. jökull.]

Icon, ī′kon, n. a figure, esp. in the Greek Church, representing Christ, or a saint, in painting, mosaic, &c.—adj. Icon′ic.—n. Iconog′raphy, the art of illustration.—adj. Iconomat′ic, expressing ideas by means of pictured objects.—ns. Iconomat′icism; Iconoph′ilism, a taste for pictures, &c.; Iconoph′ilist, a connoisseur of pictures, &c.; Iconos′tasis, a wooden wall which in Byzantine churches separates the choir from the nave—the icons are placed on it. [L.,—Gr. eikōn, an image.]

Iconoclasm, ī-kon′o-klazm, n. act of breaking images.—n. Icon′oclast, a breaker of images, one opposed to idol-worship, esp. those at the commencement in the Eastern Church, who from the 8th century downwards opposed the use of sacred images, or at least the paying of religious honour to such: any hot antagonist of the beliefs of others.—adj. Iconoclast′ic, pertaining to iconoclasm. [Gr. eikōn, an image, klastēs, a breaker—klan, to break.]

Iconology, ī-kon-ol′o-ji, n. the doctrine of images, especially with reference to worship.—ns. Iconol′ater, an image-worshipper; Iconol′atry, the worship of images; Iconol′ogist; Iconom′achist, one opposed to the cultus of icons; Iconom′achy, opposition to the same. [Gr. eikōn, an image, logia, discourse.]

Icosahedron, ī-kos-a-hē′dron, n. (geom.) a solid having twenty equal sides or faces.—adj. Icosahē′dral. [Gr. eikosi, twenty, hedra, base.]

Icosandria, ī-ko-san′dri-a, n. a class of plants having not less than twenty stamens in the calyx.—adjs. Icosan′drian, Icosan′drous. [Gr. eikosi, twenty, anēr, andros, a male.]

Icterus, ik′te-rus, n. the jaundice: a yellowish appearance in plants.—adjs. Icter′ic, -al, affected with jaundice; Ic′terine, yellow, or marked with yellow, as a bird; Icterit′ious, yellow. [Gr. ikteros, jaundice.]

Ictus, ik′tus, n. a stroke: rhythmical or metrical stress.—adj. Ic′tic, abrupt. [L., 'a blow.']

I'd, īd, contracted from I would, or I had.

Idalian, ī-dā′li-an, adj. pertaining to Idalia, in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred.

Idea, ī-dē′a, n. an image of an external object formed by the mind: a notion, thought, any product of intellectual action—of memory and imagination: an archetype of the manifold varieties of existence in the universe, belonging to the supersensible world, where reality is found and where God is (Platonic); one of the three products of the reason (the Soul, the Universe, and God) transcending the conceptions of the understanding—transcendental ideas, in the functions of mind concerned with the unification of existence (Kantian); the ideal realised, the absolute truth of which everything that exists is the expression (Hegelian).—adjs. Idē′aed, Idē′a'd, provided with an idea or ideas; Idē′al, existing in idea: mental: existing in imagination only: the highest and best conceivable, the perfect, as opposed to the real, the imperfect.—n. the highest conception of anything.—adj. Idē′aless.—n. Idealisā′tion, act of forming an idea, or of raising to the highest conception.—v.t. Idē′alise, to form an idea: to raise to the highest conception.—v.i. to form ideas.—ns. Idē′alīser; Idē′alism, the doctrine that in external perceptions the objects immediately known are ideas, that all reality is in its nature psychical: any system that considers thought or the idea as the ground either of knowledge or existence: tendency towards the highest conceivable perfection, love for or search after the best and highest: the imaginative treatment of subjects; Idē′alist, one who holds the doctrine of idealism, one who strives after the ideal: an unpractical person.—adj. Idealist′ic, pertaining to idealists or to idealism.—n. Ideal′ity, ideal state: ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty and perfection.—adv. Idē′ally, in an ideal manner: mentally.—n. Idē′alogue, one given to ideas: a theorist.—v.i. Idē′ate, to form ideas.—adj. produced by an idea.—n. the correlative or object of an idea.—n. Ideā′tion, the power of the mind for forming ideas: the exercise of such power.—adjs. Ideā′tional, Idē′ative. [L.,—Gr. idea—idein, to see.]

Identify, ī-den′ti-fī, v.t. to make to be the same: to ascertain or prove to be the same:—pa.p. iden′tified.—adj. Iden′tifiable.—n. Identificā′tion.—Identify one's self with, to take an active part in the promotion of. [Fr. identifier—L., as if identicus—idem, the same, facĕre, to make.]

Identity, ī-den′ti-ti, n. state of being the same: sameness.—adj. Iden′tical, the very same: not different.—adv. Iden′tically.—n. Iden′ticalness, identity. [Fr.,—Low L. identitat-em—L. idem, the same.]

Ideography, ī-de-og′ra-fi, n. the representation of things by pictures, and not by sound-symbols or letters.—ns. I′deograph, such a character or symbol as represents an idea without expressing its name—also I′deogram.—adjs. Ideograph′ic, -al, representing ideas by pictures, or directly instead of words.—adv. Ideograph′ically, in an ideographic manner. [Gr. idea, idea, graphein, to write.]

Ideology, ī-de-ol′o-ji, n. the science of ideas, metaphysics.—adjs. Ideolog′ic, -al.—n. Ideol′ogist, one occupied with ideas having no significance: a mere theorist—also Idē′ologue. [Gr. idea, idea, logia, discourse.]

Ideopraxist, ī-de-ō-prak′sist, n. one who is impelled to carry out an idea. [Gr. idea, idea, praxis, doing.]

Ides, īdz, n.sing. in ancient Rome, the 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months. [Fr.,—L. idus, prob. Etruscan.]

Idiocrasy, id-i-ok′ra-si, n. same as Idiosyncrasy.—adj. Idiocrat′ic.

Idiocy. See Idiot.

Idioelectric, id-i-o-e-lek′trik, adj. electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties.

Idiograph, id′i-o-graf, n. a private mark or trademark.—adj. Idiograph′ic.

Idiom, id′i-um, n. a mode of expression peculiar to a language, a peculiar variation of any language, a dialect.—n. Id′iasm, a peculiarity.—adjs. Idiomat′ic, -al, conformed or pertaining to the idioms of a language.—adv. Idiomat′ically.—n. Idiot′icon, a vocabulary of a particular dialect or district. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. idiōma, peculiarity—idios, one's own.]

Idiomorphic, id-i-o-mor′fik, adj. having a peculiar or distinctive form.

Idiopathy, id-i-op′a-thi, n. a peculiar affection or state: (med.) a primary disease, one not occasioned by another.—adj. Idiopath′ic (med.), primary, not depending on or preceded by another disease.—adv. Idiopath′ically. [Gr. idios, peculiar, pathos, suffering—pathein to suffer.]

Idiosyncrasy, id-i-o-sin′kra-si, n. peculiarity of temperament or constitution; crotchet or peculiar view, any characteristic of a person.—adj. Idiosyncrat′ic. [Gr. idios, one's own, syncrasis, a mixing together—syn, together, krasis, a mixing.]

Idiot, id′i-ut, n. one deficient in intellect: a foolish or unwise person.—adj. afflicted with idiocy: idiotic.—v.t. to make idiotic—ns. Id′iocy, Id′iotcy, state of being an idiot: imbecility: folly.—adjs. Idiot′ic, -al, pertaining to or like an idiot: foolish.—adv. Idiot′ically.—adj. Idiot′ish, idiotic.—n. Id′iotism, the state of being an idiot. [Fr.,—L. idiota—idiōtēs, orig. a 'private man,' then a rude person—idios, one's own.]

Idle, ī′dl, adj. vain: trifling: unemployed: averse to labour: not occupied: useless: unimportant: unedifying.—v.t. to spend in idleness.—v.i. to be idle or unoccupied.—adj. I′dle-head′ed, foolish.—ns. I′dlehood, I′dleness; I′dler; Id′lesse, idleness; I′dle-wheel, a wheel placed between two others simply for transferring the motion from one to the other without changing the direction.—n.pl. I′dle-worms, once jocularly supposed to be bred in the fingers of lazy maid-servants.—adv. I′dly. [A.S. idel; Dut. ijdel, Ger. eitel.]

Idocrase, id′o-krāz, n. the mineral vesuvianite. [Gr. eidos, form, krasis, mixture.]

Idol, ī′dul, n. a figure: an image of some object of worship: a person or thing too much loved or honoured: any phantom of the brain, or any false appearance by which men are led into error or prejudice which prevents impartial observation, a fallacy—also Idō′lon, Idō′lum:—pl. Idō′la—Bacon (Novum Organum, i. § 38) makes these four in number—Idols of the nation or tribe; Idols of the den or cave (fallacies due to personal causes); Idols of the forum (those due to the influence of words or phrases); Idols of the theatre (those due to misconceptions of philosophic system or demonstration).—v.t. I′dolīse, to make an idol of, for worship: to love to excess.—ns. Idolīs′er; I′dolism (Milt.), idolatrous worship; I′dolist (Milt.), an idolater; Idol′oclast, a breaker of images.—adj. Idolograph′ical, treating of idols. [O. Fr. idole—L. idolum—Gr. eidōlon—eidos, what is seen—idein, to see.]

Idolater, ī-dol′a-tėr, n. a worshipper of idols: a great admirer:—fem. Idol′atress.—v.t. Idol′atrīse, to worship as an idol: to adore.—adj. Idol′atrous, pertaining to idolatry.—adv. Idol′atrously.—n. Idol′atry, the worship of an image held to be the abode of a superhuman personality: excessive love. [Fr. idolâtre, corr. of L.,—Gr. eidōlolatrēs—eidōlon, idol, latreuein, to worship.]

Idolon, ī-dō′lon, n. same as Idol, an image: a mistaken notion. [Gr. eidōlon, an image.]

Idris, ī′dris, n. a mythical figure in Welsh tradition, giant, prince, and astronomer.

Idyl, Idyll, ī′dil, n. a short pictorial poem, chiefly on pastoral subjects: a narrative poem.—n. Idyl′ist, a writer of idyls.—adj. Idyll′ic, of or belonging to idyls: pastoral. [L. idyllium—Gr. idyllion, dim. of eidos, image.]

If, if, conj. an expression of doubt; whether: in case that: supposing that.—As if, as it would be if. [A.S. gif; Dut. of, Ice. ef, if, efa, to doubt.]

Ignaro, ig-nā′rō, n. (Spens.) an ignorant person. [It.,—L. ignarus. See Ignore.]

Ignatian, ig-nā′shan, adj. of or pertaining to St Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, martyred at Rome under Trajan about 110 A.D.—The famous Ignatian Epistles exist in 3 different forms or recensions—the Short (3 only, in Syriac); the Middle (7, the Greek text first published in 1646—considered by Zahn and Lightfoot to be the original form); the Long (these 7, together with 6 others).

Igneous, ig′ne-us, adj. pertaining to, consisting of, or like fire: (geol.) produced by the action of fire.—adjs. Ignesc′ent, emitting sparks of fire; Ignif′erous, bearing fire; Ignig′enous, engendered in fire.—Igneous rocks, those which have been erupted from the heated interior of the earth—hence also termed Eruptive rocks. [L. igneus—ignis, fire.]

Ignipotent, ig-nip′o-tent, adj. (Pope) presiding over fire. [L. ignis, fire, potens, -entis, powerful.]

Ignis-fatuus, ig′nis-fat′ū-us, n. a light which misleads travellers, often seen over marshy places, also called 'Will-o'-the-Wisp:'—pl. Ignes-fatui (ig′nēz-fat′ū-ī). [L. ignis, fire, fatuus, foolish.]

Ignite, ig-nīt′, v.t. to set on fire, to kindle: to render luminous with heat.—v.i. to take fire: to burn.—n. Ignitibil′ity.—adj. Ignīt′ible, that may be ignited.—n. Igni′tion, act of setting on fire: state of being kindled, and esp. of being made red hot. [L. ignīre, ignītum, to set on fire—ignis, fire.]

Ignoble, ig-nō′bl, adj. of low birth: mean or worthless: dishonourable.—v.i. to degrade.—ns. Ignobil′ity, Ignō′bleness.—adv. Ignō′bly. [Fr.,—L. ignobilis—in, not, gnobilis, nobilis, noble.]

Ignominy, ig′nō-min-i, n. the loss of one's good name: public disgrace: infamy—formerly also Ig′nomy.—adj. Ignomin′ious, dishonourable: marked with ignominy: contemptible: mean.—adv. Ignomin′iously.—n. Ignomin′iousness. [Fr.,—L. ignominia—in, not, gnomen, nomen, name.]

Ignoramus, ig-nō-rā′mus, n. the word formerly written by a grand-jury on the back of an indictment, meaning that they rejected it: an ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to knowledge:—pl. Ignorā′muses. [L., 'We are ignorant,' 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of ignorāre.]

Ignorant, ig′nō-rant, adj. without knowledge: uninstructed: unacquainted with: resulting from want of knowledge: (Shak.) unconscious: (Shak.) undiscovered.—n. Ig′norance, state of being ignorant: want of knowledge—in R.C. theol. vincible or wilful ignorance is such as one might be fairly expected to overcome, hence it can never be an excuse for sin, whether of omission or of commission; while invincible ignorance, which a man could not help or abate, altogether excuses from guilt: (pl.) in Litany, sins committed through ignorance.—adv. Ig′norantly.—n. Ignorā′tion. [Fr.,—L. ignorans, -antis, pr.p. of ignorāre. See Ignore.]

Ignorantines, ig-nō-ran′tīnz, n.pl. (R.C.) name of a religious congregation of men devoted to the instruction of poor children—now better known as the Brothers of Christian Schools.

Ignore, ig-nōr′, v.t. wilfully to disregard: to set aside. [Fr.,—L. ignorāre, not to know—in, not, and gno-, root of (g)noscĕre, to know.]

Iguana, i-gwä′na, n. a genus of thick-tongued arboreal lizards in tropical America. [Sp., prob. Haytian.]

Iguanodon, i-gwä′no-don, n. a large extinct herbivorous reptile, with teeth like those of the iguana. [Iguana, and Gr. odous, odontos, a tooth.]

Ileac, il′e-ak, adj., Ileum, il′e-um, n. See Iliac.

Ilex, ī′leks, n. the scientific name for Holly (which see): the evergreen or holm oak. [L.]

Iliac, il′i-ak, adj. pertaining to the lower intestines.—ns. Il′eum, the lower part of the smaller intestine in man; Il′ium, the upper part of the hip-bone:—pl. Il′ia.—Ileus, Ileac, or Iliac passion, a severe colic with vomiting, &c. [Fr., through a Low L. iliacus—ilia, the flanks, the groin.]

Iliad, il′i-ad, n. an epic poem by Homer, giving an account of the destruction of Ilium or ancient Troy. [L. Ilias, Iliadis—Gr. Ilias, Iliados, a poem relating to Ilium, the city of Ilos, its founder.]

Ilk, ilk, adj. the same.—Of that ilk, of that same, used in connection with a man whose name is the same as that of his ancestral estate—often used erroneously for 'of that kind.' [A.S. ilc, ylc, from y- or i- (base of he), and líc=like.]

Ilka, il′ka, adj. (Scot.) each. [A.S. ǽlc, each.]

Ill, il, adj. (comp. worse; superl. worst) evil, bad: contrary to good: wicked: producing evil: unfortunate: unfavourable: sick: diseased: improper: incorrect: cross, as temper.—adv. not well: not rightly: with difficulty—(rare) Ill′y.—n. evil: wickedness: misfortune.—Ill, when compounded with other words, expresses badness of quality or condition, as 'ill-advised,' 'ill-affected,' 'ill-disposed,' &c.—adj. Ill′-beseem′ing (Shak.), unbecoming.—n. Ill′-blood, ill-feeling: resentment.—adjs. Ill′-bod′ing, inauspicious; Ill′-bred, badly bred or educated: uncivil.—n. Ill′-breed′ing.—adjs. Ill′-condit′ioned, in bad condition: churlish; Ill′-fat′ed, bringing ill-fortune; Ill′-faurd (Scot.), Ill′-fā′voured, ill-looking: deformed: ugly.—n. Ill′-fā′vouredness, state of being ill-favoured: deformity.—adjs. Ill′-got, -ten, procured by bad means; Ill′-haired (Scot.) cross-grained; Ill′-judged, not well judged; Ill′-look′ing, having a bad look; Ill′-manned′, insufficiently provided with men; Ill′-nā′tured, of an ill nature or temper: cross: peevish.—adv. Ill′-nā′turedly.—ns. Ill′-nā′turedness, the quality of being ill-natured; Ill′ness, sickness: disease.—adjs. Ill′-off, in bad circumstances; Ill′-ō′mened, having bad omens: unfortunate; Ill′-starred, born under the influence of an unlucky star: unlucky; Ill′-tem′pered, having a bad temper: morose: fretful: (Shak.) disordered; Ill′-timed, said or done at an unsuitable time.—v.t. Ill′-treat, to treat ill: to abuse.—n. Ill′-turn, an act of unkindness or enmity.—adj. Ill′-used, badly used or treated.—ns. Ill′-will, unkind feeling: enmity; Ill′-wish′er, one who wishes harm to another.—adj. Ill′-wrest′ing, misinterpreting to disadvantage.—Go ill with, to result in danger or misfortune; Take it ill, to be offended. [From Ice. illr, a contraction of the word which appears in A.S. yfel, evil.]

Illapse, il-laps′, n. a sliding in: the entrance of one thing into another.—v.i. to glide. [L. illapsus—illabi—in, into, labi, to slip, to slide.]

Illaqueate, i-lak′wē-āt, v.t. to ensnare.—adj. Illaq′ueable.—n. Illaqueā′tion.

Illation, il-lā′shun, n. act of inferring from premises or reasons: inference: conclusion.—adj. Il′lative, denoting an inference: that may be inferred.—adv. Il′latively. [Fr.,—L. illation-em—inferre, illātum—in, in, into, ferre, to bear.]

Illaudable, il-law′da-bl, adj. not laudable or praiseworthy.—adv. Illau′dably.

Illegal, il-lē′gal, adj. contrary to law.—v.t. Illē′galīse, to render unlawful.—n. Illegal′ity, the quality or condition of being illegal.—adv. Illē′gally.

Illegible, il-lej′i-bl, adj. that cannot be read: indistinct.—ns. Illeg′ibleness, Illegibil′ity.—adv. Illeg′ibly.

Illegitimate, il-le-jit′i-māt, adj. not according to law: not born in wedlock: not properly inferred or reasoned: not genuine.—n. Illegit′imacy.—adv. Illegit′imātely.—n. Illegitimā′tion, the act of rendering, or state of being, illegitimate.

Illiberal, il-lib′ėr-al, adj. niggardly: mean, narrow in opinion.—v.t. Illib′eralise.—n. Illiberal′ity.—adv. Illib′erally.

Illicit, il-lis′it, adj. not allowable: unlawful: unlicensed.—adv. Illic′itly.—n. Illic′itness. [L. illicitus—in, not, licitus, pa.p. of licēre, to be allowable.]

Illimitable, il-lim′it-a-bl, adj. that cannot be bounded: infinite.—n. Illim′itableness.—adv. Illim′itably.—n. Illimitā′tion.—adj. Illim′ited.

Illiquation, il-li-kwā′shun, n. the melting of one thing into another. [L. in, into, liquāre, -ātum, to melt.]

Illision, il-lizh′un, n. the act of striking against. [L. illision-em—illidĕre—in, in, lædĕre, to strike.]

Illiteral, il-lit′ėr-al, adj. not literal.

Illiterate, il-lit′ėr-āt, adj. not learned: uninstructed: ignorant.—n.pl. a term used to designate those persons who are unable to read or write or both.—adv. Illit′erately.—ns. Illit′erateness, Illit′eracy, state of being illiterate: want of learning.

Illogical, il-loj′i-kal, adj. contrary to the rules of logic.—adv. Illog′ically.—n. Illog′icalness.

Illude, il-lūd′, v.t. to play upon by artifice: to deceive. [O. Fr.,—L. illudĕre—in, upon, ludĕre, to play.]

Illume. See Illumine.

Illuminate, il-lū′min-āt, v.t. to light up: to enlighten: to illustrate: to adorn with ornamental lettering or illustrations.—adj. enlightened.—adj. Illū′minable, that may be illuminated.—adj. and n. Illū′minant.—n.pl. Illuminā′tī, the enlightened, a name given to various sects, and especially to a society of German Freethinkers at the end of the 18th century.—n. Illuminā′tion, act of giving light: that which gives light: splendour: brightness: a display of lights: adorning of books with coloured lettering or illustrations: (B.) enlightening influence, inspiration.—adj. Illū′minative, tending to give light: illustrative or explanatory.—n. Illū′minator, one who illuminates, esp. one who is employed in adorning books with coloured letters and illustrations.—vs.t. Illū′mine, Illū′me, to make luminous or bright: to enlighten: to adorn.—ns. Illū′miner, an illuminator; Illū′minism.—adj. Illum′inous, bright. [L. illumināre, -ātum—in, in, upon, lumināre, to cast light—lumen (=lucimen)—lucēre, to shine, light.]

Illusion, il-lū′zhun, n. a playing upon: a mocking: deceptive appearance: false show: error.—n. Illū′sionist, one who is subject to illusions: one who produces illusions, as sleight-of-hand tricks, for entertainment.—adjs. Illū′sive, Illū′sory, deceiving by false appearances: false.—adv. Illū′sively.—n. Illū′siveness. [See Illude.]

Illustrate, il-lus′trāt, or il′us-trāt, v.t. to make distinguished: to make clear to the mind: to explain: to explain and adorn by pictures.—adj. (Shak.) renowned.—n. Illustrā′tion, act of making lustrous or clear: act of explaining: that which illustrates: a picture or diagram.—adjs. Illus′trative, Illus′tratory, having the quality of making clear or explaining.—adv. Illus′tratively.—n. Illus′trator.—adj. Illus′trious, morally bright, distinguished: noble: conspicuous: conferring honour.—adv. Illus′triously.—n. Illus′triousness. [L. illustrāre, -ātum, to light up—illustris, prob. in, in, lux, lucis, light.]

I′m, īm, a contraction of I am.

Image, im′āj, n. likeness: a statue: an idol: a representation in the mind, an idea: a picture in the imagination: (optics) the figure of any object formed by rays of light.—v.t. to form an image of: to form a likeness of in the mind.—adj. Im′ageless, having no image.—ns. Imagery (im′āj-ri, or im′āj-er-i), the work of the imagination: mental pictures: figures of speech: (orig.) images in general; Im′age-wor′ship, honour paid in worship to graven or painted representations of sacred persons or things. [O. Fr.,—L. imago, image; cf. imitāri, to imitate.]

Imagine, im-aj′in, v.t. to form an image of in the mind: to conceive: to think: (B.) to contrive or devise.—v.i. to form mental images: to conceive.—adj. Imag′inable, that may be imagined.—n. Imag′inableness.—adv. Imag′inably.—adj. Imag′inary, existing only in the imagination: not real: (alg.) impossible.—n. Imaginā′tion, act of imagining: the faculty of forming images in the mind: that which is imagined: contrivance.—adj. Imag′inātive, full of imagination: proceeding from the imagination.—ns. Imag′inātiveness; Imag′iner; Imag′ining, that which is imagined. [O. Fr. imaginer—L. imagināri—imago, an image.]

Imago, i-mā′gō, n. the last or perfect state of insect life: an image or optical counterpart of a thing. [L.]

Imâm, i-mam′, Imaum, i-mawm′, n. the officer who in Mohammedan mosques recites the prayers and leads the devotions of the faithful—in Turkey also superintending circumcisions, marriages, and funerals. [Ar. imām, chief.]

Imbank, im-bangk′. Same as Embank.

Imbar, im-bär′, v.t. to exclude.

Imbark, im-bärk′, v.i. Same as Embark.

Imbathe, im-bāth′, v.t. (Milt.) to bathe.

Imbecile, im′be-sēl, adj. without strength either of body or mind: feeble: fatuous.—n. one destitute of strength, either of mind or body.—n. Imbecil′ity, state of being imbecile: weakness of body or mind. [O. Fr. imbecile—L. imbecillis; origin unknown.]

Imbed, im-bed′, v.t. See Embed.

Imbellishing, n. (Milt.). Same as Embellishment.

Imbibe, im-bīb′, v.t. to drink in: to absorb: to receive into the mind.—v.i. to drink, absorb.—ns. Imbib′er; Imbibi′tion. [L. imbibĕre—in, in, into, bibĕre, to drink.]

Imbitter, im-bit′ėr, v.t. See Embitter.

Imblaze, im-blāz′, v.t. obsolete form of emblaze.

Imbody, im-bod′i. See Embody.

Imboil, im-boil′, v.i. Same as Emboil.

Imborder, im-bor′dėr, v.t. Same as Emborder.

Imbosom, im-bōōz′um. See Embosom.

Imbound, im-bownd′, v.t. Same as Embound.

Imbow, im-bō′, v.t. Same as Embow.

Imbrangle. See Embrangle.

Imbricate, im′bri-kāt, v.t. to lay one over another, as tiles on a roof.—adj. bent like a gutter-tile: (bot.) overlapping each other.—n. Imbricā′tion, a concave indenture, as of a tile: an overlapping of the edges: ornamental masonry. [L. imbricāre, -ātum—imbrex, a gutter-tile—imber; a shower.]

Imbrocata, im-bro-kä′tä, n. in fencing, a thrust in tierce. [It.]

Imbroglio, im-brōl′yō, n. an intricate plot in a romance or drama: a perplexing state of matters: a complicated misunderstanding. [It., 'confusion'—imbrogliare, to confuse, embroil.]

Imbrown. See Embrown.

Imbrue, im-brōō′, v.t. to wet or moisten: to soak: to drench.—n. Imbrue′ment. [O. Fr. embruer—bevre (Fr. boire)—L. bibĕre, to drink.]

Imbrute, im-brōōt′, v.t. and v.i. to reduce, or sink, to the state of a brute:—pr.p. imbrut′ing; pa.p. imbrut′ed.

Imbue, im-bū′, v.t. to moisten: to tinge deeply: to cause to imbibe, as the mind. [O. Fr. imbuer—L. imbuĕre—in, and root of bibĕre, to drink.]

Imitate, im′i-tāt, v.t. to copy, to strive to be the same as: to produce a likeness of.—n. Imitabil′ity.—adj. Im′itable, that may be imitated or copied: worthy of imitation.—n. Im′itancy, the tendency to imitate.—adj. Im′itant.—n. Imitā′tion, act of imitating: that which is produced as a copy, a likeness: (mus.) the repeating of the same passage, or the following of a passage with a similar one in one or more of the other parts or voices.—adj. Im′itātive, inclined to imitate: formed after a model.—adv. Im′itātively.—ns. Im′itātiveness, the quality of being imitative; Im′itātor, one who imitates or copies. [L. imitāri, imitātus, ety. unknown.]

Immaculate, im-mak′ū-lāt, adj. spotless: unstained: pure.—adv. Immac′ulately.—n. Immac′ulateness.—Immaculate Conception, the R.C. dogma that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin—first proclaimed in 1854. [L. immaculātus—in, not, maculāre, to stain—macula, a spot.]

Immalleable, im-mal′le-a-bl, adj. not malleable.

Immanacle, im-man′a-kl, v.t. (Milt.) to put in manacles, to fetter or confine.

Immanation, im-ā-nā′shun, n. an easy flow.—v.t. Imm′anate, to flow or issue in. [L. in, in, manāre, -ātum, to flow.]

Immane, i-mān′, adj. huge: cruel, savage.—adv. Immane′ly.—n. Imman′ity (Shak.), inhumanity, cruelty. [L. immanis, huge.]

Immanent, im′ā-nent, adj. remaining within: inherent.—ns. Imm′ānence, Imm′ānency, the notion that the intelligent and creative principle of the universe pervades the universe itself, a fundamental conception of Pantheism. [L. immanens, -entis, pr.p. of immanēre—in, in, manēre, to remain.]

Immantle, im-man′tl, v.t. to envelop in a mantle.

Immanuel, Emmanuel, i-man′ū-el, e-, n. a name given to Jesus (Matt. i. 23) as the son of a virgin (Is. vii. 14). [Heb., lit. 'God-with-us.']

Immarginate, im-ar-jin′āt, adj. having no margin.

Immask, im-mask′, v.t. (Shak.) to mask, disguise.

Immaterial, im-a-tē′ri-al, adj. not consisting of matter: incorporeal: unimportant.—v.t. Immatē′rialise, to separate from matter.—ns. Immate′rialism, the doctrine that there is no material substance; Immatē′rialist, one who believes in this; Immaterial′ity, the quality of being immaterial or of not consisting of matter.—adv. Immatē′rially.

Immature, im-a-tūr′, Immatured, im-a-tūrd′, adj. not ripe: not perfect: come before the natural time.—adv. Immature′ly.—ns. Immature′ness, Immatur′ity.

Immeasurable, im-mezh′ūr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be measured: very great.—n. Immeas′urableness.—adv. Immeas′urably.—adj. Immeas′ured (Spens.), beyond the common measure, immeasurable.

Immediate, im-mē′di-āt, adj. with nothing between two objects: not acting by second causes: direct: present: without delay.—n. Immē′diacy (Shak.), immediate or independent power.—adv. Immē′diātely.—ns. Immē′diāteness; Immē′diatism.

Immedicable, im-med′i-ka-bl, adj. incurable.

Immemorial, im-me-mōr′i-al, adj. beyond the reach of memory.—adj. Immem′orable.—adv. Immemō′rially.

Immense, im-mens′, adj. that cannot be measured: vast in extent: very large.—adv. Immense′ly.—ns. Immense′ness; Immens′ity, an extent not to be measured: infinity: greatness. [Fr.,—L. immensus—in, not, mensus, pa.p,. of metīri, to measure.]

Immensurable, im-mens′ūr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be measured.—n. Immensurabil′ity.

Immerge, im-mėrj′, v.t. to plunge into. [L. in, into, mergĕre, mersum, to plunge.]

Immeritous, im-mer′it-us, adj. (Milt.) undeserving. [L. immeritus—in, not, meritus, deserving.]

Immerse, im-mėrs′, v.t. to plunge into: to dip: to baptise by dipping the whole body: to engage deeply: to overwhelm.—adjs. Immers′able, Immers′ible.—ns. Immer′sion, act of immersing or plunging into: state of being dipped into: state of being deeply engaged; Immer′sionist. [See Immerge.]

Immesh. See Enmesh.

Immethodical, im-me-thod′ik-al, adj. without method or order: irregular.—adv. Immethod′ically.

Immigrate, im′i-grāt, v.i. to migrate or remove into a country.—ns. Imm′igrant, one who immigrates; Immigrā′tion, act of immigrating. [L. immigrāre—in, into, migrare, -ātum, to remove.]

Imminent, im′i-nent, adj. near at hand: threatening: impending.—n. Imm′inence.—adv. Imm′inently. [L. imminens, -entis—in, upon, minēre, to project.]

Immingle, im-ming′gl, v.t. to mingle together, to mix.

Immiscible, im-is′i-bl, adj. not capable of being mixed.

Immit, im-mit′, v.t. to send into: to inject:—pr.p. immit′ting; pa.p. immit′ted.—n. Immiss′ion, act of immitting: injection. [L. immitĕre—in, into, mittĕre, missum, to send.]

Immitigable, im-it′i-ga-bl, adj. incapable of being mitigated.—adv. Immit′igably.

Immix, im-miks′, v.t. (Milt.) to mix.—adj. Immix′able, incapable of being mixed.

Immobility, im-mo-bil′i-ti, n. the character of being immovable.—adj. Immob′ile.

Immoderate, im-mod′ėr-āt, adj. exceeding proper bounds: extravagant.—ns. Immod′eracy, Immod′erateness, the quality of being immoderate: extravagance.—adv. Immod′erately.—n. Immoderā′tion, want of moderation: excess.

Immodest, im-mod′est, adj. wanting restraint: impudent: forward: wanting shame or delicacy.—adv. Immod′estly.—n. Immod′esty, want of modesty.