List of Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary (part 7)

Cloud, klowd, n. a mass of fog, consisting of minute particles of water, often in a frozen state, floating in the atmosphere: (fig.) anything unsubstantial: a great number or multitude of anything, as the New Test. 'cloud of witnesses:' anything that obscures, as a cloud: a dark spot on a lighter material: a great volume of dust or smoke: anything gloomy, overhanging, or bodeful.—v.t. to overspread with clouds: to darken: to defame: to stain with dark spots or streaks.—v.i. to become clouded or darkened.—ns. Cloud′age; Cloud′-berr′y, a low plant related to the bramble, found on elevated moors in Britain, with an orange-red berry of delightful flavour.—adj. Cloud′-built, made of clouds, unsubstantial.—n. Cloud′-burst, a sudden flood of rain over a small area.—adjs. Cloud′-capt (Shak.), capped with or touching the clouds; Cloud′-compel′ling, driving or collecting the clouds, an epithet of Jupiter; Cloud′ed, hidden by clouds: (fig.) darkened: indistinct: variegated with spots, as a 'clouded cane,' &c.—n. Cloud′ery.—adv. Cloud′ily.—ns. Cloud′iness; Cloud′ing, a cloudy appearance.—adj. growing dim.—adjs. Cloud′-kiss′ing (Shak.), touching the clouds; Cloud′less, unclouded, clear.—adv. Cloud′lessly.—n. Cloud′let, a little cloud.—adjs. Cloud′-topped, covered with or touching the clouds; Cloud′y, darkened with, or consisting of, clouds: obscure: gloomy: stained with dark spots: (coll.) 'shady.'—Wait till the clouds roll by, to wait for more favourable circumstances.—Under a cloud, in trouble or disfavour. [A.S. clúd, a hill, then a cloud, the root idea being a mass or ball. Clod and Clot are from the same root.]

Clough, kluf, or klow, n. a ravine: a valley. [Scot. cleuch; ety. dub.]

Clour, klōōr, n. a knock: a swelling caused by a knock.—v.t. to knock: to raise a bump. [Scot.; cf. Ice. klór.]

Clout, klowt, n. a piece of cloth used for mending: a rag: a piece of cloth used by archers to shoot at, then the shot itself: a blow: a cuff.—v.t. to mend with a patch: to cover with a cloth: to cuff.—p.adj. Clout′ed (Shak.), heavy and patched, as shoes having nails in the soles: covered with a clout.—adj. Clout′erly, clownish.—ns. Clout′-nail, a large-headed nail used for the soles of boots; Clout′-shoe, a shoe having the sole protected by clout-nails. [A.S. clút; cf. Ice. klútr, a kerchief; Dan. klud, rag.]

Clouted, klowt′ed, p.adj. clotted, as cream. [See Clot.]

Clove, klōv, pa.t. of Cleave.—n. Clove′-hitch (see Hitch.)

Clove, klōv, n. the unexpanded flower-bud of the clove-tree, a native of the Moluccas, used as a spice.—ns. Clove′-gill′yflower, a clove-scented species of pink; Clove′-pink, a variety of pink which has an odour like that of cloves. [Fr. clou, in full clou de girofle, nail of the girofle, so called from the shape of the bud and its stalk—L. clavus, a nail.]

Cloven, clōv′n, p.adj. split: divided.—adjs. Clov′en-foot′ed, Clov′en-hoofed, having the hoof divided, as the ox or sheep.—The cloven hoof, applied to any indication of devilish agency or temptation, from the early representation of the devil with cloven hoofs—prob. from Pan, some of whose characteristics he shares. [Pa.p. of Cleave, to divide.]

Clover, klōv′ėr, n. a genus of plants containing a great number of species, natives chiefly of temperate climates, affording rich pasturage.—adj. Clov′ered, covered with clover.—n. Clov′er-grass, clover.—adj. Clov′ery, abounding in clover.—Live in clover, to live luxuriously or in abundance. [A.S. cláfre; Dut. klaver; Dan. klöver; Ger. klee.]

Clown, klown, n. a rustic or country-fellow: one with the rough manners of a countryman: an ill-bred fellow: a fool or buffoon.—ns. Clown′ery, a clown's performance; Clown′ing, acting the clown.—adj. Clown′ish, of or like a clown: coarse and awkward: rustic.—adv. Clown′ishly.—ns. Clown′ishness; Clown′ship. [Prob. conn. with Clod, and Clot.]

Cloy, kloi, v.t. to fill to loathing: to satiate: (Spens.) to gore:—pr.p. cloy′ing; pa.p. cloyed.—adjs. Cloyed, clagged: cumbered; Cloy′ing, satiating; Cloy′less (Shak.) that cannot cloy.—n. Cloy′ment (Shak.), satiety, surfeit.—adj. Cloy′some, satiating. [Fr. clouer, to drive a nail into, to spike or stop, as a gun, from L. clavus, a nail.]

Cloy, kloi, v.t. (Shak.) to stroke with a claw. [Perh. a corr. of Claw.]

Club, klub, n. a heavy tapering stick, knobby or massy at one end, used to strike with: a cudgel: a bat used in certain games: an instrument for playing golf, variously with wooden heads, iron heads, and wooden heads with brass soles: a bunch; one of the four suits of cards: a combination: a clique, set: an association of persons for the joint study of literature, politics, &c., or for social ends: an association of persons who possess a building as a common resort for the members: a club-house, or the house occupied by a club.—v.t. to beat with a club: to gather into a bunch: to combine: to throw soldiers into confusion.—v.i. to join together for some common end: to combine together: to share in a common expense.—adjs. Club′bable, sociable; Clubbed, like a club.—n. Club′bing, beating: combination: a disease in some plants.—adj. Club′bish, given to clubs.—ns. Club′bism, the club system; Club′bist, Club′-foot, a deformed foot.—adj. Club′-foot′ed.—n. Club′-grass, a species of grass having a club-shaped articulation.—v.t. Club′-haul, (naut.), to tack by dropping the lee anchor and slipping the cable.—adj. Club′head′ed, having a thick head.—ns. Club′-house, a house for the accommodation of a club; Club′-law, government by violence; Club′-man, one who carries a club: a member of a club; Club′-mas′ter, the manager of, or purveyor for, a club; Club′-moss, one of the four genera of Lycopodiaceæ; Club′-room, the room in which a club meets; Club′-rush, a plant of many varieties of the genus Scripus or rush.—n.pl. Clubs (see Clumps). [Ice. and Sw. klubba; same root as Clump.]

Cluck, kluk, n. the call of a hen to her chickens: any similar sound.—v.i. to make the sound of a hen when calling on her chickens.—n. Cluck′ing, the noise made by a hen when calling her chickens.—adj. that clucks. [From the sound, like Dut. klokken, Ger. glucken, Dan. klukke.]

Clue, klōō (see Clew).—adj. Clue′less, without trace.

Clumber, klumb′ėr, n. a kind of spaniel. [Clumber, in Notts, a seat of the Duke of Newcastle.]

Clump, klump, n. a thick, short, shapeless piece of anything: a cluster of trees or shrubs: a thick sole put on in addition.—v.i. to walk heavily.—v.t. to put in a clump.—n.pl. Clumps, a parlour game of question and answer—also Clubs.—adj. Clump′y, abounding in clumps: heavy. [Prob. Scand.; Dan. klump, a lump. Cf. Ger. klump, and Club.]

Clumsy, klum′zi, adj. shapeless: ill-made: unwieldy: awkward: ungainly.—adj. Clum′sily.—n. Clum′siness. [M. E. clomsen, to be stiff or benumbed; most prob. Scand.; allied to Clamp.]

Clunch, klunsh, n. the miner's name for tough indurated clay, sometimes found in the coal-measures. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to Clump.]

Clung, klung, pa.t. and pa.p. of Cling.

Clunk, klungk, n. the sound of a liquid coming out of a bottle when the cork has been quickly drawn.—v.i. to make such a sound. [Scot.; from the sound.]

Clupeoid, klōō′pē-oid, n. a kind of herring. [L. clupea, a kind of fish.]

Cluster, klus′tėr, n. a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together: a bunch: a mass: a crowd.—v.i. to grow or gather into clusters.—v.t. to collect into clusters; to cover with clusters.—adjs. Clus′tered, grouped; Clus′tering, Clus′tery.—Clustered column, a pier which consists of several columns or shafts clustered together. [A.S. clyster; Low Ger. kluster; cf. Clot.]

Clutch, kluch, v.t. to close the hand: to carry off: to hold firmly: to seize or grasp.—n. a grasp; seizure.—n.pl. Clutch′es, the hands or paws: cruelty: rapacity. [M. E. cloche, cloke, claw; prob. allied to M. E. clechen—A.S. gelæccan. Cf. Latch.]

Clutch, kluch, n. (prov.) a brood of chickens, a 'sitting' of eggs.—v.t. to hatch.

Clutter, klut′ėr, n. confusion: stir: noise.—v.i. to crowd together: to go about noisily.—v.t. to pack. [A variant of Clatter.]

Cly, klī, v.t. (slang) to seize, steal.—ns. Cly′-fak′er, a pickpocket; Cly′-fak′ing, pocket-picking. [Prob. related to Claw; referred by some to Dut. kleed, a garment, 'to fake a cly' = to take a garment.]

Clypeus, klip′ē-us, n. the shield-like part of an insect's head.—adjs. Clyp′ēal, Clyp′ēate, Clyp′ēiform, in the shape or form of a shield. [L. clipeus, clypeus, a shield.]

Clyster, klis′tėr, n. a liquid injected into the intestines to wash them out.—n. Clys′ter-pipe (Shak.), a pipe or syringe for injecting a clyster. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. klyzein, to wash out.]

Cnida, knī′da, n. one of the thread-cells of the Cœlenterata, whence is their power of stinging:—pl. Cnī′dæ. [Late L.,—Gr. knidē, a nettle.]

Co., kō, an abbreviation for Company.

Co-, kō, a common prefix, signifying jointness, accompaniment, connection. [L. cum, with.]

Coach, kōch, n. a large, close, four-wheeled carriage: a private tutor: a professional trainer in athletics.—v.t. to carry in a coach: to tutor, instruct, prepare others for, as an examination or a rowing contest, &c.—v.t. to study under a tutor.—ns. Coach′-box, the seat on which the driver of a coach sits; Coach′dog, a spotted dog, kept chiefly as an attendant on coaches, called also Dalmatian Dog; Coach′ee, Coach′y, a coachman; Coach′-fell′ow, a yoke-fellow, comrade; Coach′-hire, money paid for the use of a hired coach; Coach′-horse, a horse used for drawing a coach; Coach′-house, a house to keep a coach in; Coach′ing, travelling by coach: tutoring: instruction; Coach′man, the driver of a coach; Coach′-off′ice, a booking-office for passengers and parcels by stage-coach; Coach′-stand, a place where coaches stand for hire; Coach′-wheel; Coach′-whip.—adj. Coach′y, pertaining to a coach. [Fr. coche—Hung. kocsi (pron. kot′shi), from Kocs, a place south of Komorn.]

Coact, kō-akt′, v.i. (Shak.) to act together.—adj. Coact′ive (Shak.), acting together.—n. Coactiv′ity.

Coact, kō-akt′, v.t. to compel.—n. Coac′tion, compulsion.—adj. Coact′ive, compulsory. [L. cogĕre, coactum, to compel.]

Coadjacent, kō-ad-jās′ent, adj. contiguous.—n. Coadjac′ency. [Co- and Adjacent.]

Coadjutant, kō-ad-jōō′tant, or ko-ad′joo-tant, adj. mutually helping or assisting.—n. one of several who help another.—ns. Coadju′tor, a helper or assistant: an associate:—fem. Coadju′tress, Coadju′trix; Coadju′torship. [L. co, with, adjutor, a helper—ad, to, juv-āre, to help.]

Coadunate, kō-ad′ū-nāt, v.t. to unite: to combine.—n. Coadunā′tion.—adj. Coad′unātive. [Co-, and L. adunāre, -ātum, to unite.]

Co-agency, kō-ā′jen-si, n. agency with another.—n. Co-ā′gent, one acting with another.

Coagulate, kō-ag′ū-lāt, v.t. to make to curdle or congeal.—v.i. to curdle or congeal.—adj. clotted: congealed.—n. Coagulabil′ity.—adj. Coag′ulable.—ns. Coagū′lant, a substance which causes coagulation, as rennet; Coagulā′tion.—adjs. Coag′ulātive; Coag′ulātory.—n. Coag′ulum, what is coagulated. [L. coagulāre, -ātum, co-, together, ag-ĕre, to drive.]

Coaita, kō-ī′ta, n. a small South American monkey—the red-faced Spider Monkey.

Coal, kōl, n. a solid, black, combustible substance used for fuel, dug out of the earth: cinder.—v.i. to take in coal.—v.t. to supply with coal.—n. Coal′-bed, a stratum of coal.—adj. Coal′-black, black as coal, very black.—ns. Coal′-box, a box for holding coal; Coal′-brass, a name applied to the pyrites in the coal-measures; Coal′field, a field or district containing coal strata; Coal′-fish, a fish of the cod family, so named from the black colour of its back; Coal′-gas, the mixture of gases produced by the destructive distillation of coal, chiefly carburetted hydrogen—giving the gaslight in common use; Coal′-heav′er, one employed in carrying coal; Coal′-house, a covered-in place for keeping coal; Coal′man, one who has to do with coals; Coal′-mas′ter, the owner or lessee of a coalfield; Coal′-meas′ure, a measure by which the quantity of coal is ascertained: (pl.) the group of carboniferous strata in which coal is found (geol.); Coal′-mine, Coal′-pit, a pit or mine from which coal is dug; Coal′-own′er, one who owns a colliery; Coal′-plant, a fossil plant of the carboniferous strata; Coal′-scutt′le, a vessel for holding coal; Coal′-tar, or Gas-tar, a thick, black, opaque liquid which condenses in the pipes when coal or petroleum is distilled; Coal′-trim′mer, one who stores or shifts coal on board vessels; Coal′-whip′per, one employed in unloading coal from vessels at anchor to barges which convey it to the wharves.—adj. Coal′y, of or like coal.—Coaling station, a port at which steamships take in coal; Coal-scuttle bonnet, a woman's bonnet, shaped like a coal-scuttle upside down.—Blind or Anthracite coal, that which does not flame when kindled; Bituminous coal, that which does; Brown coal (see Brown); Caking coal, a bituminous coal which cakes or fuses into one mass in the fire; Cannel or Parrot coal (see Cannel); Cherry or Soft coal, coal breaking off easily into small, irregular cubes, having beautiful shining lustre; Splint, Hard, or Block coal, plentiful in Scotland, hard, breaking into cuboidal blocks.—Blow the coals, to excite passion; Carry coals to Newcastle, to take a thing where it is least needed; Haul over the coals, reprimand—from the discipline applied to heretics; Heap coals of fire on the head, to excite remorse by returning good for evil (Rom. xii. 20). [A.S. col; cog. with Ice. kol, Ger. kohle.]

Coalesce, kō-al-es′, v.i. to grow together or unite into one body: to associate.—adj. Coales′cent, uniting.—n. Coales′cence, union. [L. coalescĕre, co-, together, and alescĕre, to grow up.]

Coalition, kō-al-ish′un, n. act of coalescing, or uniting into one body: a union of persons, states, &c., which agree to sink their differences and act in common: alliance.—v.i. Cō′alise, to make an alliance.—n. Coali′tionist, one of a coalition.

Coamings, kōm′ingz, n.pl. (naut.) raised work about the edges of the hatches of a ship to prevent the water from running into the apartments below. [Der. unknown.]

Coaptation, ko-ap-tā′shun, n. adaptation of parts to each other. [L.]

Coarb. See Comarb.

Coarctate, kō-ark′tāt, adj. compressed.—n. Coarctā′tion. [L. coartāre, -ātum, to compress together.]

Coarse, kōrs, adj. rough: rude: uncivil: vulgar: harsh: gross.—adj. Coarse′-grained, coarse in the grain, as wood: (fig.) inelegant, gross.—adv. Coarse′ly.—v.t. Coars′en, to make coarse.—n. Coarse′ness.—adj. Coars′ish, somewhat coarse. [From phrase 'in course,' hence ordinary.]

Coast, kōst, n. side or border of land next the sea: the seashore: limit or border of a country.—v.i. to sail along or near a coast: to travel downhill on a bicycle with the feet on the foot-rests.—v.t. to sail by or near to.—ns. Coast′er, a vessel that sails along the coast; Coast′-guard, a body of men organised to act as a guard along the coast, originally intended to prevent smuggling.—adj. Coast′ing, keeping near the coast: trading between ports in the same country.—n. the act of sailing, or of trading, along the coast: advances towards acquaintance, courtship: riding downhill on a bicycle with the feet up.—ns. Coast′-line, the line or boundary of a coast: shore-line; Coast′-wait′er, a custom-house officer who waits upon and superintends the cargoes of vessels engaged in the coasting trade.—advs. Coastward, -s, toward the coast; Coast′wise, along the coast.—adj. carried on along the coast. [O. Fr. coste (Fr. côte)—L. costa, a rib, side.]

Coat, kōt, n. a kind of outer garment: the hair or wool of a beast: vesture or habit: any covering: a garment worn by women and children, and hanging from the waist downwards: a membrane or layer, such as paint, &c.: a coat of arms.—v.t. to clothe: to cover with a coat or layer.—ns. Coat′-arm′our, coat of arms: armorial devices; Coat′-card, a card bearing the representation of a coated figure, the king, queen, or knave—now, less correctly, called Court-card; Coatee′, a close-fitting coat with short tails; Coat′ing, a covering: cloth for coats.—Coat of arms, the family insignia embroidered on the surcoat worn over the hauberk, or coat of mail: the heraldic bearings of a gentleman; Coat of mail, a piece of armour for the upper part of the body, made of metal scales or rings linked one with another.—Turn one's coat, to change one's principles, or to turn from one party to another. [O. Fr. cote (Fr. cotte)—Low L. cottus, cotta, a tunic; the further ety. is uncertain.]

Coati, kō-ä′ti, or kō′a-ti, n. an American plantigrade carnivorous mammal allied to the raccoons.—Also Coä′ti-mun′di. [Tupi.]

Coax, kōks, v.t. to persuade by fondling or flattery: to humour or soothe: to pet.—ns. Coax, Coax′er, one who coaxes.—adv. Coax′ingly. [M. E. cokes, a simpleton; of obscure origin.]

Co-axial, kō-ak′si-al, adj. having the same axis.—adv. Coax′ially.

Cob, kob, n. a head of maize: a short-legged strong horse for heavy weights: a male swan—also Cob′-swan.—ns. Cob′loaf, a large loaf: (Shak.) an expression of contempt; Cob′nut, a large variety of the hazel-nut: a game played by children with nuts. [Prob. conn. with Cop.]

Cob, kob, n. a kind of composition of clay and straw for building.—n. Cob′-wall, a wall built of this.

Cob, kob, v.t. to strike, to thump the buttocks.

Cobalt, kō′bawlt, n. a metal the ores of which are sparingly distributed—in the metallic state found in meteoric stones or aerolites, generally occurring combined with arsenic: a blue pigment, prepared from the foregoing—also Cō′balt-blue.—adj. of this deep-blue colour.—adjs. Cobalt′ic; Cobaltif′erous.—n. Cō′baltite, a sulpharsenide of cobalt. [Ger. kobalt, from kobold, a demon, a nickname given by the German miners, because they supposed it to be a mischievous and hurtful metal.]

Cobble, kob′l, n. a stone worn smooth by water.—n. Cobb′le-stone, a rounded stone used in paving.—v.t. to pave with such. [Ety. dub.]

Cobble, kob′l, v.t. to patch up or mend coarsely, as shoes.—ns. Cobb′ler, one who cobbles or mends shoes: a drink made up of wine, sugar, &c., and sucked through a straw; Cobbler's punch, a warm drink made of beer, with the addition of spirit, sugar, and spice. [Der. unknown.]

Co-belligerent, kō-be-lij′e-rent, adj. and n. co-operating in warfare.

Coble, Cobble, kob′l, n. a small flat-bottomed fishing-boat. [Cf. W. ceubal, a hollow trunk, a boat.]

Cobra, Cobra da capello, kō′bra da ka-pel′o, n. a poisonous snake, native of the East Indies, which dilates the back and sides of the neck so as to resemble a hood. [Port., lit. 'snake of the hood.']

Coburg, kō′burg, n. a thin fabric of worsted with cotton or silk, twilled on one side. [Coburg, a town in Germany.]

Cobweb, kob′web, n. the spider's web or net: any snare or device intended to entrap: anything flimsy or easily broken: anything that obscures.—n. Cobweb′bery.—adj. Cob′webby. [Prob. shortened from M. E. atter-cop-web—A.S. átor, poison, and coppa—W. cop, a head, tuft. See also Web.]

Coca, kō′ka, n. a shrub of six or eight feet high, of which the leaves furnish an important narcotic and stimulant.—ns. Cocaine (kō′kä-in), a local anæsthetic made from coca-leaves, and much used in dentistry and surgical operations; Cocainisā′tion.—v.t. Cō′cainise.—n. Cō′cainism, a morbid condition induced by over-use of cocaine. [Sp.,—Peruv.]

Cocagne, Cocaigne. Same as Cockaigne.

Cocciferous, kok-sif′ėr-us, adj. berry-bearing. [L. coccum (—Gr. kokkos), a berry, and ferre, to bear.]

Coccolite, kok′ō-līt, n. a variety of pyroxene: a small rounded body found in deep-sea mud.—Also Cocc′olith. [Gr. kokkos, a berry, lithos, a stone.]

Coccus, kok′us, n. one of the carpels or seed-vessels of a dry fruit: (zool.) a genus of insects in the order Hemiptera, and type of a family including many forms injurious to plants, and a few others useful to man.—n. Cocc′ulus, a tropical genus of climbing plants (Menispermaceæ).—Cocculus Indicus, a drug consisting of the dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus, having narcotic and poisonous properties—yielding picrotoxin. [L.,—Gr. kokkos, a berry.]

Coccyx, kok′siks, n. (anat.) the lower bone of the vertebral column:—pl. Coc′cyges.—adjs. Coccyg′ēal, Coccyg′ian. [Gr. kokkyx, the cuckoo, from its bill.]

Coch, koch, n. (Spens.). Same as Coach.

Cochin, kō′chin, n. a large-sized variety of the domestic hen, with feathered legs, full breast, small tail.—n. Cō′chin-chin′a, a large-sized hen originally from Cochin-China.—adj. Cō′chin-Chinese′.

Cochineal, koch′i-nēl, n. a scarlet dye-stuff consisting of the dried bodies of certain insects gathered from the cactus plant in Mexico, the West Indies, &c.: the insect itself. [Sp. cochinilla, dim. of L. coccinus—Gr. kokkos, a berry, as the cochineal was formerly supposed to be the berry or seed of the plant.]

Cochlea, kok′le-a, n. a spiral-shaped shell, esp. the snail-shell: (anat.) the spiral cavity of the ear.—adjs. Cochlear′iform; Coch′leary, Coch′leāte, Coch′leāted, twisted. [L.,—Gr. kochlias, a snail.]

Cock, kok, n. the male of birds, particularly of the domestic fowl: the time of cock-crowing: a weathercock: a plucky chap, a term of familiarity, as 'Old cock:' a strutting chief or leader: anything set erect: a tap for liquor: part of the lock of a gun, held back by a spring, which, when released by the trigger, produces the discharge.—v.t. to set erect or upright: to set up, as the hat: to draw back the cock of a gun: to turn up to one side: to tilt up knowingly, inquiringly, or scornfully.—v.i. to strut: to swagger.—ns. Cockāde′, a knot of ribbons or something similar worn on the hat as a badge; Cockalō′rum, a bumptious little person: a boy's game; Cock′-broth, the broth made from a boiled cock; Cock′chafer, the May-bug, an insect of a pitchy-black colour, most destructive to vegetation; Cock′-crow, -ing, early morning, the time at which cocks crow.—adj. Cocked, set erect: turned up at one side.—ns. Cock′er, one who follows cock-fighting: a small dog of the spaniel kind employed by sportsmen in pheasant and woodcock shooting; Cock′erel, a young cock: a young man—also Cock′le, whence Cock′le-brained, foolish; Cock′-eye, a squinting eye: the loop by which a trace is attached to the whipple-tree.—adj. Cock′-eyed.—ns. Cock′-fight, -ing, a fight or contest between game-cocks: a fight; Cock′-horse, a child's rocking-horse.—adj. prancing, proud.—adv. properly a-cock-horse = on cock-horse, on horseback: exultingly.—ns. Cock′laird (Scot.), a yeoman; Cock′loft, the room in a house next the roof; Cock′-match, a cock-fight; Cock′pit, a pit or enclosed space where game-cocks fought: a room in a ship-of-war for the wounded during an action; Cock′roach, the common black beetle; Cocks′comb, the comb or crest on a cock's head: a fop: the name of various plants; Cock′shut (Shak.), twilight, probably referring to the time when poultry are shut up; Cock′-shy, a free throw at a thing, as for amusement.—adj. Cock′-sure, quite sure, often without cause.—n. Cock′swain (see Coxswain).—adjs. Cock′sy, Cox′y, bumptious.—n. Cock′tail, a racing horse that is not thoroughbred: one who apes the gentleman: (U.S.) a drink of spirits flavoured with various ingredients.—adjs. Cock′tailed, having the tail cocked or tilted up; Cock′y, impudent.—ns. Cock′y-leek′y, soup made of a fowl boiled with leeks; Cock′yolly, a nursery or pet name for a bird.—Cock-a-doodle-doo, the cry of the cock; Cock-a-hoop, a phrase expressing reckless exultation; Cock and pie, used as an exclamation (see Pie, 2); Cocked hat, the old-fashioned three-cornered hat, the triangular pointed hat worn as part of some full-dress uniforms: a note folded into a three-cornered shape; Cock of the walk, chief of a set; Cock's-foot grass, a genus of grasses very abundant in Britain, and furnishing an important part of both natural and artificial pastures; Cock the eye (coll., humorous), to wink.—A cock-and-bull story, an incredible tale.—Full-cock, when the cock of a gun is drawn full back: when a tap is full open; Half-cock, the position of the cock of a gun when drawn back half the whole distance.—Knock into a cocked hat, 'to lick out of shape:' to give a profound beating. [A.S. coc; Ice. kokkr.]

Cock, kok, n. a small pile of hay.—adj. Cocked, heaped up in cocks. [Sw. koka, a lump of earth; Dut. kogel; Ger. kugel, a ball.]

Cock, kok, n. (Shak.) a cock-boat. Now Cock-boat.

Cock, perversion of the word God.—Cock and pie (see Pie, 2).

Cock-a-bon′dy, kok-a-bon′di, n. a fly for angling. [A corr. of Welsh coch a bon ddu, red, with black stem.]

Cockaigne, Cockayne, kok-ān′, n. an imaginary country of luxury and delight. [Ety. dub.; Fr. cocagne, acc. to some from L. coquĕre, to cook.]

Cockatoo, kok-a-tōō′, n. a popular name for several genera and species of parrots. [Malay, kakatúa, prob. from its cry.]

Cockatrice, kok′a-trīs, n. a fabulous monster like a serpent, often confounded with the Basilisk (q.v.), and regarded as possessing similar deadly powers. [O. Fr. cocatrice.]

Cock-boat, kok′-bōt, n. a small ship's boat: a small frail boat. [See Cog, a small boat.]

Cocker, kok′ėr, v.t. to pamper: to fondle: to indulge. [Ety. dub.; cf. Dut. kokelen, O. Fr. coqueliner, to dandle.]

Cockernony, kok′ėr-non-i, n. (Scot.) the gathering of a young woman's hair, when it is wrapped up in a band or fillet, commonly called a 'snood' (Jamieson).

Cocket, kok′et, n. the custom-house official seal: a document given by the officers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their goods are duly entered: the office where such goods are entered. [Perh. a corr. of the words quo quietus.]

Cockle, kok′l, n. a troublesome weed among corn, with a purple flower. [A.S. coccel.]

Cockle, kok′l, n. a large and typical genus of bivalve molluscs, having a thick, ribbed, heart-shaped, equal-valved shell.—adj. Cock′led, shelled like a cockle.—ns. Cock′le-hat, a hat bearing a scallop-shell, the badge of a pilgrim; Cock′le-shell, the shell of a cockle: a frail boat.—The cockles of the heart, the heart itself. [Fr. coquille—Gr. kongchylion—kongchē, a cockle.]

Cockle, kok′l, v.i. to pucker into wrinkles or ridges.—v.t. to cause to pucker.

Cockle, kok′l, n. the fire-chamber of an air-stove.

Cockney, kok′ne, n. (Shak.) an affected, effeminate person, knowing the manners of the town, but a stranger to what every child else knows: a townsman as opposed to a countryman: one born in London, but strictly in a particular part of London.—ns. Cock′neydom, the domain of Cockneys; Cockneyficā′tion.—v.t. Cock′neyfy, to make Cockney.—adj. Cock′neyish.—n. Cock′neyism, the dialect or manners of a Cockney.—The Cockney school, a school of writers belonging to London, who flourished in the first half of the nineteenth century. [M. E. coken-ey, prob. lit. 'cock's egg;' cf. Fr. coco, an egg, a darling, a chap. Others would connect with Fr. coquin, a rogue—L. coquus, a cook.]

Coco, Cocoa, kō′kō, n. a palm-tree growing in tropical countries, and producing the coco-nut.—ns. Cō′co-nut, Cō′coa-nut, the well-known fruit of the coco-palm: (slang) a man's head. [Port. and Sp. coco, a bugbear; applied to the nut from the three marks at the end of it, which form a grotesque face.]

Cocoa, kō′kō, n. the seed of the cacao or chocolate tree: a beverage made from the seeds crushed and ground. [A corr. of Cacao.]

Cocoon, ko-kōōn′, n. the silken sheath spun by the larvæ of many insects in passing into the pupa or resting stage.—n. Cocoon′ery, a place for keeping silkworms when feeding and spinning cocoons. [Fr. cocon, from coque, a shell—L. concha, a shell.]

Coction, kok′shun, n. the act of boiling or cooking.—adj. Coc′tile, baked: hardened by fire, as a brick. [L. coquĕre, coctum, to boil, to cook.]

Cod, kod, Codfish, kod′fish, n. a species of fish much used as food, found in the northern seas.—ns. Cod′-fisher; Cod′-fish′ery; Cod′-fish′ing; Cod′ling, a small cod.—Cod-liver oil, a medicinal oil extracted from the fresh liver of the common cod. [Ety. dub.]

Cod, kod, n. a husk or shell containing seeds: the scrotum.—adjs. Cod′ded, enclosed in a cod; Cod′ding (Shak.), wanton.—n. Cod′-piece, a baggy appendage worn in front of the tight hose of the middle ages. [A.S. codd, a small bag.]

Cod, kod, n. (Scot.), a pillow. [Old Dan. kodde, Ice. koddi, a pillow.]

Cod, kod, n. (slang) applied to persons, with various meanings: a joke.—v.t. to impose on. [Ety. dub.; conn. with Codger.]

Coddle, kod′l, v.t. to pamper: to fondle: to parboil.—n. an effeminate person. [Ety. dub.]

Code, kōd, n. a collection or digest of laws: a system of rules and regulations: a system of signs used in the army.—ns. Codificā′tion; Codi′fīer, Cod′ist, one who codifies.—v.t. Cod′ify, to put into the form of a code: to digest: to systematise:—pr.p. cod′ifying; pa.p. cod′ified.—Code telegram, a telegram whose text in itself has no meaning, but where the words are merely arbitrary symbols for other words known to the receiver.—The Code, esp. the rules and regulations regarding government schools and teachers. [Fr. code—L. codex.]

Codex, kō′deks, n. a code: a manuscript volume:—pl. Codices (kod′i-sēz). [L. codex or caudex, the trunk of a tree, a set of tablets, a book.]

Codger, koj′ėr, n. a mean fellow: an old person: a chap. [Prob. a variant of Cadger.]

Codicil, kod′i-sil, n. a short writing or note added as a supplement to a will.—adj. Codicill′ary. [L. codicillus, dim. of codex.]

Codilla, kō-dil′a, n. the coarsest part of hemp or flax, sorted out and separated from the rest. [Dim. of It. coda—L. cauda, a tail.]

Codille, kō-dil, n. a term at ombre when the player gets fewer tricks than one of his opponents. [Fr.]

Codling, kod′ling, Codlin, kod′lin, n. a variety of apple.—n. Cod′lin-moth, the moth whose larvæ cause the 'worm-eaten' apples which fall prematurely off. [Ety. dub.]

Coefficient, kō-ef-fish′ent, n. that which acts together with another thing: (math.) the numerical or literal factor prefixed to an unknown quantity in any algebraic term.—n. Coeffi′ciency.—adv. Coeffi′ciently.

Coehorn, Cohorn, kō′horn, n. a small mortar for throwing grenades. [From Baron van Coehoorn (1641-1704).]

Cœlenterata, sē-len-ter-ā′ta, n. the technical name for the second lowest alliance of many-celled animals—radially symmetrical, without any body-cavity distinct from the alimentary tube.—adj. Cœlen′terāte. [Gr. koilos, hollow, and enteron, intestine.]

Cœliac, sē′li-ak, adj. relating to the belly. [L. cœliacus—Gr. koilia, the belly.]

Coemption, ko-emp′shun, n. the purchasing of the whole of a commodity: in Roman law, a mode of marriage under the fiction of a mutual sale. [Co-, and L. emĕre, to buy.]

Cœnesthesis, sē-nes-thē′sis, n. the general bodily consciousness. [Gr. koinos, common, aisthēsis, perception.]

Cœnobite, Cenobite, sen′o-bīt, n. a monk who lives along with others of a like mind with himself, in contradistinction to anchorites or hermits.—adjs. Cœnobit′ic, -al; Cenobit′ic, -al.—ns. Cœn′obitism, Cen′obitism; Cœnō′bium, a religious community. [Gr. koinobion—koinos, common, and bios, life.]

Coequal, ko-ē′kwal, adj. equal with another person or thing: of the same rank or dignity.—n. one of the same rank.—n. Coequal′ity.—adv. Coē′qually.

Coerce, kō-ėrs′, v.t. to restrain by force: to compel.—adj. Coer′cible.—adv. Coer′cibly.—ns. Coer′cion, restraint: government by force; Coer′cionist.—adj. Coer′cive, having power to coerce: compelling.—adv. Coer′cively.—n. Coer′civeness. [L. coercēre—co-, together, arcēre, to shut in.]

Co-essential, kō-es-sen′shal, adj. partaking of the same essence.—n. Co-essential′ity.

Coetaneous, kō-ē-tān′e-us, adj. of the same age: contemporary. [Co-, and L. ætas, ætatis, age.]

Co-eternal, kō-ē-tėr′nal, adj. equally eternal with another.—adv. Co-eter′nally.—n. Co-eter′nity.

Coeval, kō-ē′val, adj. of the same age.—n. one of the same age: a contemporary. [L. coævus, co-, together, and ævum, age.]

Co-exist, kō-egz-ist′, v.i. to exist at the same time.—n. Co-exist′ence.—adj. Co-exist′ent.

Co-extend, kō-eks-tend′, v.i. to extend equally with.—n. Co-exten′sion.—adj. Co-exten′sive.

Coff, kof, v.t. (Scot.) to buy.—pa.p. Coft.

Coffee, kof′ē, n. a drink made from the seeds of the coffee-tree, a native of Arabia: the powder made by roasting and grinding the seeds.—ns. Coff′ee-bean, the seed of the coffee-plant; Coff′ee-berr′y, the fruit of the coffee-tree; Coff′ee-bug, the Lecanium coffeæ, destructive to the coffee-plant; Coff′ee-cup, a cup for coffee; Coff′ee-house, a house where coffee and other refreshments are sold; Coff′ee-mill, a small mill or machine for grinding coffee-beans; Coff′ee-pot, a pot or vessel in which coffee is prepared and served; Coff′ee-room, a room in a hotel where coffee and other refreshments are served. [Turk. qahveh—Ar. qahwah, orig. meaning wine.]

Coffer, kof′ėr, n. a chest for holding money or treasure: (pl.) the whole wealth of a person: a deep panel in a ceiling.—v.t. to hoard up.—n. Coff′erdam, a water-tight structure used in engineering for excluding the water from the foundations of bridges, quay walls, &c., so as to allow of their being built dry.—adj. Coff′ered. [O. Fr. cofre, a chest—L. cophinus, a basket—Gr. kophinos.]

Coffin, kof′in, n. the coffer or chest in which a dead body is enclosed.—v.t. to place within a coffin.—n. Coff′in-ship, a ship that is unsound, and likely to prove fatal to those in it.—Drive a nail in one's coffin, to do something tending to hasten death or ruin. [O. Fr. cofin—L. cophinus—Gr. kophinos.]

Coffle, kof′l, n. a gang, esp. of slaves. [Ar. qāfilah, a caravan.]

Cog, kog, v.t. to cheat or deceive: to wheedle: to cog dice is to manipulate them so that they may fall in a given way.—n. the act of cheating: deception.—p.adj. Cog′ging, cheating. [No doubt from the succeeding word.]

Cog, kog, n. a catch or tooth on a wheel.—v.t. to fix teeth in the rim of a wheel: to stop a wheel by putting a block before it:—pr.p. cog′ging; pa.p. cogged.—n. Cog′-wheel, a toothed wheel, whose teeth fit into and move another. [M. E. cogge; ety. dub.; cf. Sw. kugge.]

Cog, kog, n. formerly a large ship of burden or for war: a small boat: a cock-boat. [M. E. cogge, perh. from O. Fr. cogue, a ship. Cf. Dan. kogge, kog; Ice. kuggi.]

Cogent, kō′jent, adj. powerful: convincing.—ns. Cō′gence, Cō′gency, convincing power.—adv. Cō′gently. [L. cogĕre, co-, together, agĕre, to drive.]

Coggie, Cogie, kog′i, n. (Scot.) a small wooden bowl.—Also Cog. [Dim. of Cogue (q.v.).]

Coggle, kog′gl, v.i. to be unsteady.—n. a cobble, a round stone.—adv. Cog′gly (Scot.), shaky. [Cf. Ger. kugel, and Dut. kogel.]

Cogitate, koj′i-tāt, v.i. to turn a thing over in one's mind: to meditate: to ponder.—adj. Cog′itable, capable of being thought.—n. Cogitā′tion, deep thought: meditation.—adj. Cog′itātive, having the power of thinking: given to cogitating. [L. cogitāre, -ātum, to think deeply, co-, together, and agitāre, to put a thing in motion.]

Cognac, kō′nyak, n. an excellent quality of French brandy, so called because much of it is made near the town Cognac, in Charente.

Cognate, kog′nāt, adj. of the same family, kind, or nature: related or allied to.—n. one related by blood, a kinsman: a person related to another through the mother, as distinguished from an agnate, one related through the father.—n. Cognā′tion. [L. cognatus—co-, together, (g)nasci, (g)natus, to be born.]

Cognition, kog-nish′un, n. certain knowledge: apprehension.—adj. Cog′nisable, that may be known or understood: that may be judicially investigated.—adv. Cog′nisably.—ns. Cog′nisance, Cog′nizance, knowledge or notice, judicial or private: observation: jurisdiction: that by which one is known, a badge.—adj. Cog′nisant, having cognisance or knowledge of.—v.t. Cog′nise, to become conscious of.—adj. Cog′nitive, capable of, or pertaining to, cognition.—Have cognisance of, to have knowledge of. [L., from cognoscĕre, cognitum—co-, together, and noscĕre, gnoscĕre, to know.]

Cognomen, kog-nō′men, n. a surname: a nickname: a name: the last of the three names of an individual among the Romans, indicating the house or family to which he belonged.—adj. Cognom′inal, like-named: relating to a cognomen.—v.t. Cognom′inate, to name.—n. Cognominā′tion. [L.,—co-, together, nomen, gnomen, a name—noscĕre, gnoscĕre, to know.]

Cognosce, kog-nos′, v.t. (Scots law) to examine: to give judgment: to declare to be an idiot.—adj. Cognos′cible. [L. cognoscĕre—co-, together, and noscĕre, to know.]

Cognoscente, ko-nyo-shent′e, n. one professing a critical knowledge of works of art, and of a somewhat more pretentious character than amateurs:—pl. Cognoscenti (ko-nyo-shent′ē). [It.,—L. cognoscĕre.]

Cognovit, kog-nō′vit, n. (law) an acknowledgment by the defendant in an action that the plaintiff's cause is just. [L. cognovit actionem, he has confessed the action.]

Cogue, Cog, kōg, n. (Scot.) a round wooden vessel for holding milk. [Ety. dub.]

Cohabit, kō-hab′it, v.i. to dwell together as husband and wife, often of persons not married.—ns. Cohab′itant, one dwelling with others; Cohabitā′tion. [L. cohabitāre—co-, together, habitāre, to dwell.]

Co-heir, kō-ār′, n. a joint heir:—fem. Co-heir′ess.

Cohere, kō-hēr′, v.i. to stick together: to follow in proper connection: to be consistent.—ns. Coher′ence, a sticking together: a consistent connection between several parts: congruity; Coher′ency.—adj. Coher′ent, sticking together: connected: consistent in thought or speech.—adv. Coher′ently.—n. Coher′er, an apparatus for the reception of the waves in 'wireless' telegraphy.—adj. Cohē′sible, capable of cohesion.—n. Cohē′sion, the act of sticking together: a form of attraction by which particles of bodies stick together: logical connection.—adj. Cohē′sive, having the power of cohering: tending to unite into a mass.—adv. Cohē′sively.—ns. Cohē′siveness, Cohesibil′ity. [L. cohærēre, cohæsum, co-, together, and hærēre, to stick.]

Cohort, kō′hort, n. among the Romans, a body of soldiers from 300 to 600 in number, forming a tenth part of a legion: a band of armed men: any band of men. [Fr.,—L. cohors, an enclosed place, a multitude enclosed, a company of soldiers.]

Cohortative, kō-hor′ta-tiv, adj. encouraging.—n. in Heb. grammar, a lengthened form of the imperfect—also Paragogic future. [See Paragoge.]

Coif, koif, n. a covering for the head, esp. the close-fitting cap of white lawn or silk originally worn by serjeants-at-law: a covering for the head worn by women.—v.t. to provide with a coif: to dress (the hair).—ns. Coiff′eur, a hairdresser; Coiff′ure, a head-dress. [Fr. coiffe—Low L. cofia, a cap, perh. Old High Ger. chuppha, a cap, Ger. kopf.]

Coign, koin, n. a corner or external angle: a corner-stone: a wedge.—Coign of vantage, a position of advantage, either for seeing or acting. [Coin.]

Coil, koil, v.t. to wind in rings as a rope, a serpent, &c.: to twist: to entangle.—v.i. to twist one's self.—n. a rope which has been gathered into rings: one of the rings into which a rope is gathered: a wire wound spirally to conduct electricity.—Coil up, of a serpent, to get into a position for springing: to gather into a ball. [O. Fr. coillir (Fr. cueillir)—L. colligĕre—col, together, legĕre, to gather.]

Coil, koil, n. tumult: hubbub: noise: fuss.—Mortal coil, the toil and trouble of human life. [Der. unknown; prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. goill, war.]

Coin, koin, n. (Shak.) a corner-stone: a piece of metal legally stamped and current as money.—v.t. to convert a piece of metal into money: to stamp; to make, invent, fabricate: (fig.) to make into.—ns. Coin′age, the act of coining money: the currency: the pieces of metal coined: the invention, or fabrication, of something new: what is invented; Coin′er, one who coins money: a maker of counterfeit coins: an inventor; Coin′ing, minting: invention.—Coin money, to make money rapidly.—Pay a man in his own coin, to give tit for tat: to give as good as one got. [Fr. coin, a wedge, also the die to stamp money—L. cuneus, a wedge.]

Coincide, kō-in-sīd′, v.i. to fall in with, or agree, in opinion: to correspond: to be identical.—ns. Coin′cidence, act or condition of coinciding: the occurrence of an event at the same time as another event, without any apparent connection; Coin′cidency.—adjs. Coin′cident, Coincident′al.—adv. Coin′cidently. [L. co-, together, incidĕre—in, in, cadĕre, to fall.]

Co-inhere, kō-in-hēr′, v.i. to inhere together.—n. Co-inher′ence.

Co-inheritor, kō-in-her′it-or, n. a joint heir.—n. Co-inher′itance.

Co-instantaneous, kō-in-stan-tān′e-us, adj. exactly simultaneous.—ns. Co-instantanē′ity, Co-instantan′eousness.—adv. Co-instantan′eously.

Coir, koir, n. the strong fibre of the husk of the coco-nut, used for making door-mats. [Malay, kāyar, cord—kāyaru, to be twisted.]

Coistril, kois′tril, n. a groom: (Shak.) a knave. [See Custrel.]

Coition, kō-ish′un, n. sexual intercourse. [L. coitio—co-, together, īre, ītum, to go.]

Cojoin, kō-join′, v.t. (Shak.). Same as Conjoin.

Coke, kōk, n. a form of fuel obtained by the heating of coal in confined spaces whereby its more volatile constituents are driven off.—v.t. to make into coke. [Ety. dub.; not before 17th century.]

Col, kol, n. (geog.) a depression or pass in a mountain-range. [Fr.,—L. collum, a neck.]

Colander, Cullender, kul′end-ėr, n. a vessel having small holes in the bottom, used as a strainer in cookery.—ns. Colā′tion, Col′ature, straining. [L. colāre, to strain—colum, a strainer.]

Colbertine, kol′ber-tin, n. a kind of lace, so called after Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-83), Minister of Finance to Louis XIV., a great patron of the arts.

Colcannon, kol-kan′on, n. an Irish dish, being a stew of pounded cabbage and potatoes with butter. [Cole, cabbage; cannon unknown.]

Colchicum, kol′chi-kum, n. a genus of Liliaceæ—the meadow saffron, its corm or seed used for gout and rheumatism. [L.,—Gr. colchicon, meadow saffron—Colchicus, relating to Colchis, the native country of the sorceress Medea.]

Colcothar, kol′kō-thar, n. a dark-red iron peroxide formed by calcining copperas.

Cold, kōld, adj. the opposite of hot: shivering: without passion or zeal: spiritless: unfriendly: indifferent: reserved.—n. a relative want of sensible heat: the feeling or sensation caused by the absence of heat: coldness: a spell of cold weather: a disease caused by cold, a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, usually accompanied by hoarseness and coughing: catarrh: chillness.—adj. Cold′-blood′ed, having cold blood, as fishes: without feeling: hard-hearted—of persons or actions.—adv. Cold′-blood′edly.—ns. Cold′-blood′edness; Cold′-Chis′el, a strong and finely-tempered chisel for cutting cold metal, as distinguished from a blacksmith's chisel for cutting hot iron; Cold′-cream, the name applied to a creamy ointment, usually made of almond-oil, spermaceti, white wax, and rose-water, used as a cooling dressing for the skin.—adjs. Cold′-heart′ed, wanting feeling: indifferent; Cold′ish, somewhat cold.—adv. Coldly.—ns. Cold′ness; Cold′-pig (coll.), the application of cold water to wake a person.—adj. Cold′-short, brittle when cold: (fig.) of the temper.—ns. Cold′-wat′er, water at its natural temperature; Cold′-without′, brandy with cold water and no sugar.—Cold as charity, a proverbial phrase expressing ironically great coldness or indifference.—Catch cold, Take cold, to acquire the malady—a cold.—Give the cold shoulder, to show indifference: to give a rebuff.—In cold blood, with deliberate intent, not under the influence of passion.—Leave out in the cold, to neglect, ignore.—Throw cold water on, to discourage. [A.S. ceald; Scot, cauld, Ger. kalt; cog. also with Eng. cool, Ice. kala, to freeze, L. gelidus—gelu, frost.]

Cole, kōl, n. a general name for all sorts of cabbage.—ns. Cole′-garth, a cabbage garden; Cole′-seed, the seed of rape; Cole′-wort, a species of cabbage. [A.S. cáwel; Ger. kohl, Scot. kail; all from L. colis, caulis, a stem, esp. of cabbage; cf. Gr. kaulos.]

Coleoptera, kol-e-op′tėr-a, n.pl. an order of insects having two pairs of wings, the outer pair being hard or horny, serving as wing-cases for the true wings: the beetles.—adjs. Coleop′teral, Coleop′terous.—n. Coleop′terist. [Gr. koleos, a sheath, and pteron (pl. ptera), a wing.]

Coleorhiza, kol-ē-ō-rī′za, n. the root-sheath in endogens. [Gr. koleos, sheath, rhiza, root.]

Colibri, kol′ib-rē, n. a kind of humming-bird. [Sp. and Fr. colibri, said to be the Carib. name.]

Colic, kol′ik, n. a disease attended with severe pain and flatulent distension of the abdomen, without diarrhœa.—adj. Col′icky, suffering or causing colic.—n. Colī′tis (see Colonitis under Colon). [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. kolikos—kolon, the large intestine.]

Colin, kol′in, the American quail or partridge. [Ety. dub.]

Coliseum. See Colosseum.

Coll, kol, v.t. (Spens.) to embrace or fondle by taking round the neck.—n. Coll′ing, embracing. [Fr. col—L. collum, the neck.]

Collaborator, kol-ab′ō-rā-tor, Collaborateur, kol-ab′ō-ra-tār, n. an associate or assistant in labour, particularly literary or scientific.—n. Collaborā′tion. [Coined from L. col, with, and laborāre, -ātum, to labour.]

Collapse, kol-aps′, n. a falling away or breaking down: any sudden or complete breakdown or prostration.—v.i. to fall together, to contract: to fall or break down: to go to ruin: to lose heart.—adj. Collaps′ible, capable of collapsing. [L. collapsus—col, together, and labi, lapsus, to slide or fall.]

Collar, kol′ar, n. something worn round the neck: the part of a garment at the neck: a band round a dog's neck: that part of a horse's harness worn round the neck, to which the traces are attached: a ring: a band.—v.t. to seize by the collar: to put a collar on: to capture.—ns. Coll′ar-beam, a horizontal piece of timber connecting or bracing two opposite rafters, to prevent sagging; Coll′ar-bone, in man and most mammals the only bone directly connecting the upper extremity with the skeleton of the trunk.—p.adj. Coll′ared, having, or ornamented with, a collar: rolled up and bound with a string, as a piece of meat having the bones removed: captured.—ns. Coll′arette, a small collar; Coll′ar-work, hard work against the collar: drudgery. [O. Fr. colier—L. collāre—collum, the neck.]

Collard, kol′ard, n. cole-wort. [See Cole.]

Collate, kol-āt′, v.t. to bring together for comparison: to examine and compare, as books, and esp. old manuscripts: to place in or confer a benefice upon: to place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.—adj. Collā′table.—ns. Collā′tion, act of collating: a bringing together for examination and comparison: presentation to a benefice: a repast between meals, from the habit of reading the collationes or lives of the Fathers during meals in monasteries.—adj. Collā′tive, having the power of conferring: of livings where the bishop and patron are one and the same person.—n. Collā′tor, one who collates or compares: one who bestows or presents. [L. conferre, collatum—con, together, ferre, to bring.]

Collateral, kol-at′ėr-al, adj. side by side: running parallel or together; corresponding; descended from the same ancestor, but not directly, as the children of brothers.—n. a collateral relation: a contemporary: a rival.—adv. Collat′erally. [L. col, and latus, lateris, a side.]

Colleague, kol′ēg, n. one associated with others in some employment—not of partners in business.—n. Coll′eagueship. [Fr. collègue—L. collega—col, together, and legĕre, to choose.]

Colleague, kol′ēg, v.i. to join or unite: to conspire:—pr.p. colleaguing (kol-ēg′ing); pa.p. colleagued (kol-ēgd′). [From O. Fr. colliguer, to join in alliance—L. colligāre, to bind together.]

Collect, kol-ekt′, v.t. to assemble or bring together: to infer: to put one's thoughts in order.—v.i. to run together: to accumulate.—ns. Col′lect, a short form of prayer, peculiar to the liturgies of the Western Church, consisting of a single sentence, conveying one main petition; Collectā′nea, a selection of passages from various authors: a miscellany.—adj. Collect′ed, gathered together: having one's senses gathered together: cool: firm—adv. Collect′edly.—ns. Collect′edness, self-possession: coolness; Collec′tion, act of collecting: collecting of money at a religious or public meeting: the money collected: a number of anything: an assemblage: a book of selections: composure: an examination at the end of the terms in certain colleges.—adj. Collect′ive, considered as forming one mass or sum: congregated: common: (Milt.) inferential: (gram.) expressing a number or multitude.—adv. Collect′ively.—ns. Collect′ivism, the economic theory of socialism, that industry should be carried on with a collective capital; Collect′ivist, a socialist—also adj.; Collect′or, one who collects, as tickets, money, &c.; Collect′orate, Collect′orship. [L. colligĕre, collectum, from col, together, and legĕre, to gather.]

Colleen, kol′ēn, n. a girl. [Irish cailín.]

College, kol′ej, n. an incorporation, company, or society of persons joined together generally for literary or scientific purposes, and often possessing peculiar or exclusive privileges: a member of the body known as the university: (U.S.) often used as the equivalent of university: a seminary of learning: a literary, political, or religious institution: the edifice appropriated to a college.—n. Coll′eger, inmate of a college: one of the seventy foundationers at Eton College.—adj. Collē′gial, pertaining to a college.—ns. Collē′gian, a member or inhabitant of a college: (slang) inmate of a prison; Collē′gianer, a member of a college, a student.—adj. Collē′giate, pertaining to or resembling a college: containing a college, as a town; instituted like a college: corporate.—n. inmate of a prison, &c.—College of Arms, Heralds' College, a collegiate body incorporated in 1483, presided over by the Earl Marshal, and including Garter, principal King-of-arms, Clarenceux, and Norroy, besides six heralds and four pursuivants: College of Justice, in Scotland, a great forensic society, composed of judges, advocates, writers to the signet, and solicitors.—Collegiate church, Collegial church, a church so called from having a college or chapter, consisting of a dean or provost and canons, attached to it (in Scotland, a church occupied by two or more pastors of equal rank—also Collegiate charge). [Fr. collège—L. collegium, from col, and legĕre, to gather.]

Collet, kol′et, n. a ring or collar: the part of a ring which contains the stone. [Fr.,—L. collum.]

Collide, kol-īd′, v.i. to dash together: to clash.—p.adjs. Collid′ed, Collid′ing.—ns. Colli′sion, state of being struck together: conflict: opposition: clashing; Colli′sion-mat; a mat for covering a hole in a ship's side caused by a collision. [L. collidĕre, collisum—col, together, lædĕre, to strike.]

Collie, Colly, kol′i, n. a shepherd's dog. [Ety. dub.]

Collier, kol′yėr, n. one who works in a coal-mine: a ship that carries coal: a sailor in such a ship.—n. Coll′iery, a coal-mine.

Colligate, kol′i-gāt, v.t. to bind together. [L. colligāre, -ātum—col, together, ligāre, to bind.]

Collimation, kol-li-mā′shun, n. the adjustment of the line of sight of a telescope.—v.t. Col′limāte.—n. Collimā′tor, a subsidiary telescope used to detect errors in collimation, when adjusting for transit observations. [L. collimāre for collineāre, to bring into line with—col, together, linea, a line.]

Collinear, ko-lin′e-ar, adj. in the same straight line.

Collieshangie, kol-i-shang′i, n. (Scot.) noisy wrangling or fighting. [Ety. dub.; but perh. from collie, a dog, and shangie, something attached to his tail.]

Collingual, ko-ling′gwal, adj. speaking the same tongue.

Colliquate, kol′i-kwāt, v.t. to melt.—adjs. Colliq′uable, Coll′iquant, melting, wasting; Colliq′uative, profuse in flow. [L. com-, together, liquāre, -ātum, to make melt.]

Collocate, kol′ō-kāt, v.t. to place together: to set: to arrange.—n. Collocā′tion, act of collocating: disposition in place: arrangement. [L. collocāre, -ātum, col, together, locāre, to place.]

Collocutor, Collocutory. See Colloquy.

Collodion, kol-ō′di-on, n. a gluey solution of gun-cotton in alcohol and ether, used in surgery and photography. [Gr. kollōdēs—kolla, glue, eidos, form, appearance.]

Collogue, ko-log′, v.i. to simulate belief: to conspire: to converse confidentially.—v.t. to coax; to flatter. [Prob. from L. colloqui, to speak together.]

Colloid, kol′oid, n. a name given by Graham, in contradistinction to crystalloids, to any soluble substance, which, when exposed to dialysis, does not pass through the porous membrane.—adj. Colloid′al. [Gr. kolla, glue, and eidos, form.]

Collop, kol′op, n. a slice of meat, fried or otherwise: (Shak.) a child.—Collop Monday, the day before Shrove Tuesday, when collops-and-eggs was eaten.—Minced collops (Scot.), minced meat.

Colloquy, kol′o-kwi, n. a speaking together: mutual discourse: conversation.—v.i. (rare) to converse.—n. Colloc′ūtor.—adj. Colloc′ūtory.—v.i. Colloque′, to hold colloquy.—adj. Collō′quial, pertaining to or used in common conversation.—ns. Collō′quialism, a form of expression used in familiar talk; Collō′quialist.—adv. Collō′quially.—v.i. Coll′oquise, to converse.—n. Coll′oquist, a speaker in a colloquy. [L. colloquium, col, together, loqui, to speak.]

Collotype, kol′o-tīp, n. a photographic process much used for book illustrations and advertising purposes. [Gr. kolla, glue, and Type.]

Colluctation, kol-uk-tā′shun, n. strife: opposition. [L. colluctāri—col-, luctāri, to wrestle.]

Collude, kol-ūd′, v.i. to play into each other's hand: to act in concert, esp. in a fraud.—ns. Collud′er; Collū′sion, act of colluding: a secret agreement to deceive: deceit.—adj. Collū′sive, fraudulently concerted: deceitful.—adv. Collū′sively. [L. colludĕre, collusum, from col, and ludĕre, to play.]

Colluvies, ko-lū′vi-ēs., n. filth: a rabble. [L. 'washings'—colluĕre, to wash thoroughly.]

Colly, kol′li, v.t. to begrime with coal-dust: (Shak.) to darken.—p.adj. Col′lied. [See Coal.]

Collyrium, ko-lir′i-um, n. a term for various kinds of eye-salve or eye-wash. [L.,—Gr. kollyrion, eye-salve, dim. of kollyra, a roll of bread.]

Colocynth, kol′ō-sinth, n. the dried and powdered pulp of a kind of cucumber, much used as a purgative. [L.,—Gr. kolokynthis.]

Cologne-earth, ko-lōn′-ėrth, n. a brown earth prepared from lignite, found originally near Cologne, a German city on the Rhine.—Cologne water, or Eau de Cologne, a perfumed spirit first made at Cologne in 1709 by Jean Farina.

Colon, kō′lon, n. the mark (:) used to indicate a distinct member or clause of a sentence. [Gr. kōlon, a limb, member.]

Colon, kō′lon, n. that portion of the large intestine which extends from the cæcum to the rectum, which is the terminal portion of the intestinal canal.—n. Colonī′tis, inflammation of the colon. [L.,—Gr. kolon, the large intestine.]

Colonel, kur′nėl, n. an officer who has command of a regiment;—ns. Col′onelcy, his office or rank; Col′onelling, playing the colonel; Col′onelship, colonelcy: quality of a colonel. [Fr. and Sp. coronel; a corr. of It. colonello, the leader of a colonna, or column—L. columna.]

Colonnade, kol-on-ād′, n. a range of columns placed at regular intervals: a similar row, as of trees. [Fr.,—L. columna.]

Colony, kol′on-i, n. a name somewhat vaguely applied to the foreign dependencies of a state (a Roman colony was a military settlement planted in subject territory; a Greek colony consisted of a band of emigrants impelled to seek a new home, and connected with their mother-city by no stronger tie than that of sentiment): a body of persons who form a fixed settlement in another country: the settlement so formed: the place they inhabit.—adj. Colōn′ial, pertaining to a colony.—n. an inhabitant of a colony, a colonist.—ns. Colōn′ialism, a trait of colonial life or speech; Colonisā′tion, act or practice of colonising: state of being colonised.—v.t. Col′onise, to plant or establish a colony in: to form into a colony.—v.i. to settle.—n. Col′onist, an inhabitant of a colony.—Colonial animals, organisms which cannot be fairly regarded as unities, but consist of numerous individuals united in a common life; Colonial system, the theory that the settlements abroad were to be treated as proprietary domains exploited for the benefit of the mother-country. [L. colonia—colonus, a husbandman—colĕre, to till.]

Colophon, kol′o-fon, n. in early printing, the inscription at the end of a book with name, date, &c. [L. colophon—Gr. kolophōn, the finish.]

Colophony, kol-of′o-ni, n. the dark-coloured resin got from the distillation of turpentine with water. [Gr., from Colophon, in Asia Minor.]

Coloquintida, kol-o-kwin′ti-da, n. the colocynth.

Colossus, kol-os′us, n. a gigantic statue, esp. that of Apollo astride the entrance of the harbour of Rhodes.—adjs. Coloss′al, like a colossus: gigantic; Coloss′alwise, astride (Shak.).—ns. Colossē′um, Colisē′um, Vespasian's amphitheatre at Rome, which was the largest in the world. [L.,—Gr. kolossos.]

Colostrum, ko-los′trum, n. the first milk of a mammal after parturition.—n. Colostrā′tion, a disease of infants due to colostrum.—adjs. Colos′tric, Colos′trous. [L.]

Colour, kul′ur, n. a property of light which causes bodies to have different appearances to the eye: the hue or appearance which bodies present to the eye: appearance of blood in the face: appearance: pretext: tint: paint: false show: kind: (pl.) a flag, ensign, or standard: paints.—v.t. to put colour on: to stain: to paint: to set in a fair light: to exaggerate: to misrepresent.—v.i. to show colour: to blush.—adjs. Colorif′ic, containing or producing colours; Col′ourable, having a fair appearance: designed to conceal.—adv. Col′ourably.—n. Colourā′tion.—adj. Col′our-blind, unable to distinguish between colours.—n. Col′our-blind′ness.—adjs. Col′oured, having colour: (Spens.) having a specious appearance, deceitful: of the complexion, other than white.—ns. Col′ouring, any substance used to give colour: manner of applying colours: specious appearance; Col′ourist, one who colours or paints: one who excels in colouring.—adj. Col′ourless, without colour: transparent: neutral.—ns. Col′ourman, one who prepares and sells colours; Col′our-ser′geant, the sergeant who guards the colours of a regiment.—adj. Col′oury, having much colour.—Colour a pipe, to cause a tobacco-pipe, esp. a meerschaum, to take on a brown or black colour, by smoking.—A person of colour, a person of negro blood.—Change colour, to turn pale: to blush; Come off with flying colours, to do something with great éclat; Come out in one's true colours, to appear in one's real character; Desert one's colours, to abandon one's post or duty; Fast colour, a colour which does not fade when washed; Fight under false colours, to put forward a false pretence as a cover for one's actions; Give colour, to give plausibility: Hang out false colours, to put up another's flag, to pretend to belong to another party than one really does; High colour, pronounced redness of complexion; Lose colour, to lose one's good looks; Nail one's colours to the mast, to commit one's self to some party or plan of action; Off colour, faded: past one's best; Paint in bright colours, to embellish: to exaggerate; Primary colours, the three colours, red, green, and violet, from which the others, called Secondary colours, can be obtained; Show one's colours, to show what are one's inclinations, opinions, or character; Stick to one's colours, to adhere to one's party or opinions; Under colour of, under the pretext of; Without colour, without disguise: colourless: without individuality. [Fr.,—L. color; akin to celāre, to cover, to conceal.]

Colporteur, kol′pōrt-ār, or kol′pōrt-ėr, n. a peddler, esp. one selling tracts and religious books.—n. Col′portāge, the distribution of books by colporteurs. [Fr. colporteur, from col—L. collum, the neck, and porter—L. portāre, to carry.]

Colt, kōlt, n. a young horse: an awkward fellow: an inexperienced youth: (B.) a young camel or ass: (naut.) a rope's end.—v.i. (Spens.) to frisk like a colt.—v.t. (Shak.) to cheat: to give the rope's end, to beat.—adj. Colt′ish, like a colt: frisky: wanton.—ns. Colt's′-foot, a composite plant with large soft leaves once used for asthma and coughing; Colt's′-tooth, one of a horse's first set of teeth; (Shak.) love of youthful pleasures: wantonness. [A.S. colt; Sw. kult, a young boar, a stout boy.]

Colter, Coulter, kōltėr, n. the fore-iron of a plough. [A.S. culter—L. culter, a knife.]

Coluber, kol′ub-ėr, n. a genus of non-venomous snakes, of almost world-wide distribution.—n. Colub′riad (Cowper).—adj. Col′ubrine. [L. coluber, a snake.]

Columbian, kō-lum′bi-an, adj. pertaining to Columbia, a name of America.—ns. Colum′bate, a salt or compound of columbic acid with a base; Colum′bite, the native ore of columbium; Colum′bium, a metallic element now called niobium. [Columbia, America, from Columbus (1447-1506), its discoverer.]

Columbine, kol′um-bīn, adj. of or like a dove: dove-coloured.—n. a genus of plants (Aquilegia) having five coloured sepals, which soon fall off, and five petals, each terminating below in a horn-shaped spur or nectary: in pantomimes, the sweetheart of Harlequin (q.v.).—ns. Columbā′rium, a dovecot or pigeon-house: one of the niches or pigeon-holes in a particular kind of sepulchral chamber in which the urns containing the ashes of dead bodies burned were deposited; Col′umbary, a pigeon-house or dovecot. [L. columba, a dove.]

Columel, Columella. See Column.

Column, kol′um, n. a long, round body, used to support or adorn a building: any upright body or mass like a column: a body of troops drawn up in deep files: a perpendicular row of lines in a book.—ns. Col′ūmel, a small column; Colūmel′la, the central axis of a spiral univalve; the auditory ossicle of the amphibian ear: the central axis of the spore-case of mosses: in the opening of fruits, what remains in the centre after the carpels have split away.—adjs. Colum′nal, Colum′nar, formed in columns.—n. Columna′rity.—adjs. Col′umned, Colum′niāted, Colum′nated, having columns.—n. Colum′niātion. [L. columen, columna, akin to celsus, high; Gr. kolōnē, a hill.]

Colure, kō-lūr′, n. (astron.) one of two great circles supposed to intersect each other at right angles in the poles of the equator. [Gr. kolourus—kolos, docked, oura, tail.]

Colza, kol′za, n. a kind of cabbage whose seeds yield oil for lamps. [Dut. koolzaad, cabbage-seed.]

Coma, kō′ma, n. deep sleep: stupor.—adj. Com′atose, affected with coma: drowsy. [Gr. kōma.]

Coma, kō′ma, n. (bot.) a tuft or bunch of hairy-like appendages as on some seeds: the leafy branches forming the head of a tree: (astron.) the nebulous envelope surrounding the nucleus of a comet. [L.—Gr. komē, hair of the head.]

Comarb, kō′märb, n. the head of one of the families composing an old Irish sept: the successor in an ecclesiastical office, abbot, vicar, &c.—Better Cō′arb. [Ir. comharba, successor.]

Comart, kō′märt, n. (Shak.) an agreement.

Comate, kō′māt, n. (Shak.) a mate or companion.

Comb, kōm, n. a toothed instrument for separating and cleaning hair, wool, flax, &c.: the crest of a cock: the top or crest of a wave or of a hill: an aggregation of cells for honey.—v.t. to separate, arrange, or clean by means of a comb: to dress with a comb: (Shak.) to beat.—v.i. to break with a white foam, as the top of a wave.—adj. Combed.—n. Comb′er, one who or that which combs wool, &c.—n.pl. Comb′ings, hairs combed off.—adjs. Comb′less (Shak.), without a comb; Comb′wise; Comb′y.—n. Crop′-comb, a semicircular comb worn by girls.—Comb off, to remove. [A.S. camb.]

Comb, Combe. See Coomb.

Combat, kom′bat, or kum′bat, v.i. to contend or struggle.—v.t. to beat against: to contest: to oppose: to debate.—n. a struggle: a fight.—adjs. Com′batable, capable of being combated; Com′batant, disposed to combat.—n. one who combats; Com′bative, inclined to quarrel.—n. Com′bativeness.—Combatant officer, one who takes part in the action, as opposed to the medical officers, &c., who are Non-combatant. [Fr. combattre, to fight—com, with, and battre, to beat. See Beat.]

Comber, kom′bēr, n. a name applied to the gaper, a sea-perch, and to a species of wrasse.

Combine, kom-bīn′, v.t. to join two together: to unite intimately.—v.i. to come into close union: to co-operate: (chem.) to unite and form a new compound.—n. a trading syndicate, a trust.—adj. Com′binate, combined: betrothed.—ns. Combinā′tion, the act of combining: union of individual things: persons united for a purpose; Combinā′tion-room, the college-parlour at Cambridge, for the fellows of a college after dinner, a common-room.—n.pl. Combinā′tions, a women's and children's garment consisting of chemise and drawers combined.—adjs. Com′binātive; Combī′natory; Combined′; Combin′ing. [L. combināre, to join—com, together, and bini, two and two.]

Combrous (obs.) = Cum′brous.

Comburgess, kom-bur′jes, n. a fellow-burgess.

Combust, kom-bust′, adj. burned by the sun: in conjunction with the sun, or apparently very near it, so as to be obscured by its light, said of a planet when it is not more than 8½° from the sun.—n. that which is burned.—v.t. to burn up.—adj. Combust′ible, liable to take fire and burn: excitable.—n. anything that will take fire and burn.—ns. Combust′ibleness, Combustibil′ity, quality of being combustible; Combus′tion, a burning: the action of fire on combustible substances: confusion, turmoil: the scientific term for all kinds of consumption through the influence of heat.—adjs. Combust′ious (Shak.), combustible, inflammable: turbulent; Combust′ive, disposed to take fire.—Spontaneous combustion, burning caused by heat generated in the substance itself. [L. comburĕre, combustum, to consume—com, inten., urĕre, to burn.]

Come, kum (Shak.), a shortening of Become.

Come, kum, v.i. to move toward this place (the opposite of go): to draw near: to arrive at a certain state or condition: to issue: to happen: (Shak.) to yield; to become: to turn out:—pr.p. com′ing; pa.t. came; pa.p. come.—n. Com′ing.—adj. Come′-at-able, accessible; Come about, to happen; Come across, to meet; Come and go, to have freedom of action (n. passage to and fro); Come at, to reach; Come by, to come near: to pass: to obtain; Come down, to descend: to be reduced (n. a fall); Come down upon, to be severe with; Come down with, to pay down; Come high, or low, to cost much, or little; Come home, to return to one's house: to touch one's interest or feelings closely (with to): (naut.) to drag or slip through the ground—of an anchor; Come in, to enter: to give in, to yield: (fencing) to get within the opponent's guard (Shak.); Come in for, to have reason to expect or to have a share; Come it strong (coll.), to do or say too much; Come of, to descend from: become of; Come off, to come away: to turn out: to escape (n. a conclusion: an evasion of duty); Come out, to result: to be published: to become evident: to enter society; Come out with, to let be known: to tell; Come over (Shak.), surpass: to befall: (slang) to overreach; Come o' will, something that comes of its own accord: an illegitimate child; Come round, to come by a circuitous path: to happen in due course: to change: to recover from a faint; Come short, to fail; Come short of, to fail to accomplish; Come to, to obtain: to amount to: to recover consciousness or sanity; Come to grief, to meet with disaster or ill-fortune; Come to pass, to happen; Come true, to be found to have been true; Come under, to be included under; Come upon, to attack: to affect; to hold answerable: to meet; Come up with, to overtake: reach.—All comers, any one that likes. [A.S. cuman; Ger. kommen, to come.]

Co-meddle, kō-med′l, v.t. to mix: (Shak.) to temper.

Comedo, kom′e-do, n. a small, black-tipped, worm-like mass which is found on the face of some persons. [L. comedĕre, to eat up.]

Comedy, kom′e-di, n. a dramatic piece of a pleasant or humorous character, originally accompanied with dancing and singing.—ns. Comē′dian, one who acts or writes comedies: an actor:—fem. Comédienne′; Comēdiet′ta, a short comic piece. [L.,—Gr. kōmōdia, kōmos, revel, ōdē, song.]

Comely, kum′li, adj. pleasing: graceful: handsome.—adv. in a comely manner.—n. Come′liness. [A.S. cymlic—cyme, suitable, líc, like.]

Comestibles, kom-est′i-blz, n.pl. eatables. [Fr.,—L. comedĕre, to eat up.]

Comet, kom′et, n. a heavenly body with an eccentric orbit, having a definite point or nucleus, a nebulous light surrounding the nucleus, and a luminous tail preceding or following the nucleus.—adjs. Com′etary, Comet′ic.—ns. Com′et-find′er, a telescope of low power used to search for comets; Cometog′raphy; Cometol′ogy. [Gr. komētēs, long-haired—komē, the hair.]

Comfit, kum′fit, n. a sweetmeat made of fruit and sugar, &c. [A doublet of Confect; from Fr. confit, confiture—L. conficĕre, to make up.]

Comfort, kum′furt, v.t. to relieve from pain or distress: to soothe: to cheer, revive.—n. relief: encouragement: ease: quiet enjoyment: freedom from annoyance: whatever gives ease, enjoyment, &c.: a subject of satisfaction.—adj. Com′fortable, imparting or enjoying comfort.—adv. Com′fortably.—n. Com′forter, one who administers comfort: (B.) the Holy Spirit: a long, narrow woollen tippet.—adj. Com′fortless, without comfort.—n. Com′fortlessness.—Job's comforter, one who, while pretending to comfort, only aggravates the distress. [O. Fr. conforter—L. con, and fortis, strong.]

Comfrey, kum′fri, n. a genus of Boraginaceæ, somewhat coarse perennial herbs. [O. Fr. confirie.]

Comic, kom′ik, adj. relating to comedy: raising mirth: droll.—n. (coll.) an amusing person: (coll.) a comic paper.—adj. Com′ical, funny: queer: ludicrous.—ns. Comical′ity, Com′icalness.—adv. Com′ically.—n. Comique (kō-mēk′), a comic actor or singer. [See Comedy.]

Comitatus, kom-i-tā′tus, n. a prince's escort: a county or shire. [L.]

Comitia, ko-mish′i-a, n. the assemblies of the Romans for electing magistrates, passing laws, &c. [L.,—com, together, īre, ītum, to go.]

Comity, kom′i-ti, n. courteousness: civility.—Comity of nations (comitas gentium), the international courtesy by which effect is given to the laws of one state within the territory of another state. [L. comitas—comis, courteous.]

Comma, kom′a, n. (Shak.) a short part of a sentence: in punctuation, the point (,) which marks the smallest division of a sentence: (fig.) a brief interval.—Inverted commas, marks of quotation ("..", '..'). [L.,—Gr. komma, a section of a sentence, from koptein, to cut off.]

Command, kom-mand′, v.t. to order: to bid: to exercise supreme authority over: (Shak.) to demand: to cause to act: (Shak.) to exact: to have within sight, influence, or control.—v.i. to have chief authority: to govern.—n. an order: authority: message: the ability to overlook or influence: the thing commanded.—ns. Commandant′, an officer who has the command of a place or of a body of troops, Commandant′ship.—v.t. Commandeer′, to compel to military service.—ns. Command′er, one who commands: an officer in the navy next in rank under a captain; Command′er-in-chief, the highest staff appointment in the British army: the officer in supreme command of an army, or of the entire forces of the state; Command′ership; Command′ery, the district under a commander, specially used in connection with the Templars, the Hospitallers, and other religious orders.—adj. Command′ing, fitted to impress or control.—adv. Command′ingly.—n. Command′ment, a command: a precept.—Commander of the Faithful, a title of the caliphs.—At Command, available for use; On command, under orders.—Ten Commandments, the ten Mosaic laws: (slang) the ten finger-nails, used by women in fighting. [Fr. commander—L. commendāre—com, and mandāre, to entrust.]

Commeasure, kom-mezh′ūr, v.t. to equal in measure: to coincide with.—n. Commeas′urable (same as Commen′surable).

Commemorate, kom-em′o-rāt, v.t. to call to remembrance by a solemn or public act: to celebrate: to preserve the memory of.—adj. Commem′orable.—n. Commemorā′tion, preserving the memory of some person or thing by a solemn ceremony: the specification of individual saints in the prayers for the dead: the great festival of the Oxford academic year, usually taking place on the third Wednesday after Trinity Sunday.—adjs. Commem′orative, Commem′oratory, tending or serving to commemorate.—n. Commem′orator. [L. commemoratus, pa.p. of commemorāre, to remember—com, inten., and memor, mindful.]

Commence, kom-ens′, v.i. to begin: to originate: to take rise.—v.t. to begin: to originate: to enter upon: to take a university degree—e.g. 'to commence M.A.'—n. Commence′ment, the beginning: at certain universities the act of taking the degrees: the ceremony when these are conferred. [O. Fr. comencer—L. com, and initiāre, to begin—in, into, and īre, to go.]

Commend, kom-end′, v.t. to give into the charge of: to recommend as worthy: to praise: to adorn, set off.—n. (Shak.) praise.—adj. Commend′able, worthy of being commended or praised.—n. Commend′ableness.—adv. Commend′ably.—ns. Commend′am, a manner of holding an ecclesiastical benefice till a proper pastor was provided for it—it was provisionally commended to the care of a clerk, and was said to be held in commendam; Commendā′tion, the act of commending: praise: declaration of esteem: esp. the act of commending the dying or dead to the favour and mercy of God; Com′mendātor, one who holds a benefice in commendam.—adj. Commend′atory, commending: containing praise or commendation: presenting to favourable notice or reception.—Commend me to, remember me kindly to: give me by preference. [L. commendāre—com, and mandāre, to trust.]

Commensal, ko-men′sal, adj. eating at the same table.—n. a messmate.—n. Commen′salism, the intimate but never parasitic association of two organisms, for the benefit of one, or very often of both. [L. com, together, mensa, a table.]

Commensurable, kom-en′sū-ra-bl, adj. having a common measure.—ns. Commensurabil′ity, Commen′surableness.—adv. Commen′surably.—adj. Commen′surāte, of the same measure with: equal in measure or extent: in proportion with.—adv. Commen′surātely.—ns. Commen′surāteness, Commensurā′tion. [L. com, with, and mensura, a measure—metīri, mensus, to measure.]

Comment, kom′ent, n. a note conveying an illustration or explanation: a remark, observation, criticism.—v.i. (or kom-ent′) to make critical or explanatory notes: to annotate: (Shak.) to meditate.—ns. Comm′entary, a comment: a remark: a book consisting of a regular series of comments or notes on another book; Commentā′tion, annotation; Comm′entātor, Comm′enter (or Comment′er), Comm′entor (or Comment′or).—adj. Commentatō′rial, pertaining to the making of commentaries. [Fr.,—L. commentāri—com, and L. mens, the mind.]

Commerce, kom′ėrs, n. interchange of merchandise on a large scale between nations or individuals: extended trade or traffic: intercourse: fellowship.—v.i. Commerce′, to trade: to have communication with.—adj. Commer′cial, pertaining to commerce: mercantile.—n. commercial traveller.—ns. Commer′cialism; Commer′cialist; Commer′ciality.—adv. Commer′cially.—Commercial room, a room in a hotel set apart for commercial travellers; Commercial traveller, a person who transacts business as the accredited travelling representative of a trading house to other trading houses. [Fr.,—L. commercium—com, with, merx, mercis, merchandise.]

Commerge, ko-mėrj′, v.i. to coincide, agree.

Comminate, kom′in-āt, v.t. to threaten.—n. Comminā′tion, threatening, denunciation: a recital of God's threatenings made on Ash-Wednesday and at other times in the English Church.—adjs. Comm′inative, Comm′inatory, threatening punishment. [L.,—com, inten., and mināri, to threaten.]

Commingle, kom-ing′gl, v.t. to mingle or mix with.—adj. Commin′gled. [L. com, together, and Mingle.]

Comminute, kom′in-ūt, v.t. to reduce to minute particles: to pulverise.—n. Comminū′tion.—Comminuted fracture, the breaking of a bone in several places: a compound fracture. [L. comminuĕre, -ūtum, to break into pieces—com, and minuĕre, to make small—root minus, less.]

Commiserate, kom-iz′ėr-āt, v.t. to feel for the miseries of another: to pity: to condole with.—adj. Commis′erable, requiring commiseration: pitiable.—n. Commiserā′tion, concern for the sufferings of others: pity.—adj. Commis′erative, feeling or expressing sympathetic sorrow.—n. Commis′erātor. [L. com, with, miserāri, to deplore—miser, wretched.]

Commissary, kom′is-ar-i, n. one to whom any charge is committed: a deputy: (Scots law) the judge in a commissary court: a higher officer of police: (eccles.) an officer representing a bishop, and performing his duties in distant parts of the diocese: an officer who furnishes provisions, &c., to an army.—adj. Commissā′rial, pertaining to a commissary.—ns. Commissā′riat, the department charged with the furnishing of provisions, as for an army: the supply of provisions: the office of a commissary; Comm′issary-gen′eral, the head of the department for supplying provisions, &c., to an army; Comm′issaryship.—Commissary Court, a supreme court established in Edinburgh in 1563, with jurisdiction in questions of marriage—its powers conjoined with those of the Court of Session in 1836. [Low L. commissarius—L. committĕre, commissum.]

Commission, kom-ish′un, n. act of committing: that which is committed: a writing conferring certain powers: authority: the percentage paid in a transaction to an active agent who usually incurs some pecuniary and always some moral responsibility: a body of persons appointed to perform certain duties: a warrant from the head of the state for holding various military offices, whether combatant or non-combatant.—v.t. to give a commission to: to empower: to send: to appoint.—ns. Commis′sion-ag′ent, Commis′sion-mer′chant, a person employed to sell goods delivered to him by another (his principal), for a certain percentage—his commission or factorage; Commissionaire′, a messenger, or light porter: one employed about public places and hotels to undertake light commissions.—adj. Commis′sioned.—ns. Commis′sioner, one who holds a commission to perform some business: a member of a commission; Commis′sionership.—Commissioned officer, one appointed by commission—in the navy, the officers from the lieutenant; in the army, from the ensign upwards. [From Commit.]

Commissure, kom′mis-sūr, n. a joint: place where two bodies meet and unite: (anat.) a term applied to nervous connections between adjacent parts of the nervous system.—adj. Commis′sural. [L., commissura, a joining, from root of Commit.]

Commit, kom-it′, v.t. to give in charge or trust: to consign: to do: to endanger: to involve: to pledge:—pr.p. commit′ting; pa.p. commit′ted.—ns. Commit′ment, act of committing: an order for sending to prison: imprisonment; Commit′tal, commitment: a pledge, actual or implied; Commit′tee, a portion, generally consisting of not less than three members, selected from a more numerous body, to whom some special act to be performed, or investigation to be made, is committed; Commit′teeship.—Commit one's self, to compromise one's self: to pledge one's self wittingly or unwittingly to a certain course; Commit to memory, to learn by heart. [L. committĕre—com, with, mittĕre, to send.]

Commix, kom-iks′, v.t. to mix together.—v.i. to mix.—ns. Commix′tion, Commix′ture, act of mixing together: the state of being mixed: the compound formed by mixing: the rite of putting a piece of the host into the chalice, emblematic of the reunion of body and soul at the Resurrection.

Commodious, kom-ō′di-us, adj. suitable or convenient: roomy, spacious: (Shak.) serviceable: comfortable.—n. Commode′, a small sideboard: a large, high head-dress formerly worn by ladies: a box for holding a chamber utensil: a night-stool.—adv. Commō′diously.—ns. Commō′diousness; Commod′ity, convenience: (Shak.) profit: (Shak.) parcel: an article of traffic: (pl.) goods, produce. [L. commodus—com, with, modus, measure.]

Commodore, kom′o-dōr, n. in the royal navy, a rank intermediate between an admiral and a captain: the leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen: the president of a yacht-club, also his vessel at a regatta. [Perh. from Dut. kommandeur.]

Common, kom′un, adj. belonging equally to more than one: public: general: usual: frequent: ordinary: easy to be had: of little value: vulgar: of low degree.—n. (Shak.) the commonalty: a tract of open land, used in common by the inhabitants of a town, parish, &c.—v.i. (Shak.) to share.—adj. Common′able, held in common.—ns. Comm′onage, right of pasturing on a common: the right of using anything in common: a common; Comm′onalty, the general body of the people without any distinction of rank or authority; Comm′oner, one of the common people, as opposed to the nobles: a member of the House of Commons: at Oxford, a student who pays for his commons.—adv. Comm′only.—ns. Comm′onness; Comm′onplace, a common topic or subject: a platitude: a memorandum: a note.—adj. common: hackneyed.—v.i. to make notes: to put in a commonplace-book.—n. Comm′onplace-book, a note or memorandum book.—n.pl. Comm′ons, the common people: their representatives—i.e. the lower House of Parliament or House of Commons: common land: food at a common table: at Oxford, rations served at a fixed rate from the college buttery: food in general, rations.—n. Comm′on-sense, average understanding: good sense or practical sagacity: the opinion of a community: the universally admitted impressions of mankind.—Common Bench, Common Pleas, one of the divisions of the High Court of Justice; Common forms, the ordinary clauses which are of frequent occurrence in identical terms in writs and deeds; Common law, in England, the ancient customary law of the land; Common Prayer (Book of), the liturgy of the Church of England; Common-riding, the Scotch equivalent of Beating the Bounds (see Beat); Common room, in schools, colleges, &c., a room to which the members have common access.—In common, together: equally with others.—Make common cause with, to cast in one's lot with: to have the same interests and aims with.—Philosophy of common-sense, that school of philosophy which takes the universally admitted impressions of mankind as corresponding to the facts of things without any further scrutiny.—Short commons, scant fare, insufficient supply of rations.—The common, that which is common or usual; The common good, the interest of the community at large: the corporate property of a burgh in Scotland; The common people, the people in general. [Fr. commun—L. communis, prob. from com, together, and munis, serving, obliging.]

Commonweal, kom′un-wēl, Commonwealth, kom′un-welth, n. the common or public good: the government in a free state: the public or whole body of the people: a form of government in which the power rests with the people, esp. that in England after the overthrow of Charles I. [See Wealth.]

Commove, kom-mōōv′, v.t. to put in motion: to agitate: to disturb, excite.—n. Commō′tion, a violent motion or moving: excited or tumultuous action, physical or mental: agitation: tumult. [L. com, inten., and movēre, motum, to move.]

Commune, kom′ūn, n. a corporation: in France, a territorial division governed by a mayor.—The Commune at Paris in 1871 was a revolt against the national government, the principle of the revolt being that each city or district should be ruled independently by its own commune or local government.—adj. Commū′nal (also Comm′unal).—ns. Communalisā′tion; Commū′nalism; Commū′nalist. [Fr. commune. See Common.]

Commune, kom-ūn′, v.i. to converse or talk together: to have intercourse: to receive Holy Communion.—ns. Comm′une, converse: talk; Commun′ing, conversing: communion. [O. Fr. comuner, to share—comun, common.]

Communicate, kom-ū′ni-kāt, v.t. to give a share of, impart: to reveal: to bestow.—v.i. to have something in common with another: to have communication: to have intercourse: to partake of Holy Communion.—ns. Communicabil′ity, Commū′nicableness, the state of being communicable.—adj. Commū′nicable, that may be communicated: affable.—adv. Commū′nicably.—ns. Commū′nicant, one who partakes of Holy Communion; Communicā′tion, act of communicating: that which is communicated: intercourse: correspondence: a means of communicating, a connecting passage or channel.—adj. Commū′nicative, inclined to communicate or give information: unreserved.—adv. Commū′nicatively.—n. Commū′nicativeness, the quality of being communicative.—adj. Commū′nicatory, imparting knowledge. [L. communicāre, -ātum, from communis.]

Communion, kom-ūn′yun, n. act of communing: mutual intercourse: fellowship: common possession: interchange of transactions: union in religious service: the body of people who so unite.—n. Commun′ionist, a communicant.—The Communion, Holy Communion, the celebration of the Lord's Supper. [L. communion-em, from communis.]

Communism, kom′ū-nizm, n. a theory or condition of things according to which private property should be abolished, and all things held in common.—n. Comm′unist, one who holds such principles.—adj. Communist′ic, pertaining to communism.

Community, kom-ūn′i-ti, n. common possession or enjoyment: agreement: communion: (Shak.) commonness: people having common rights, &c.: the public in general: a body of persons in the same locality, e.g. 'village community:' a monastic body.—n. Communitā′rian, a member of a community. [O. Fr.,—L. communitas—communis.]

Commute, kom-ūt′, v.t. to exchange: to exchange a punishment for one less severe.—n. Commutabil′ity.—adj. Commut′able, that may be commuted or exchanged.—n. Commutā′tion, the act of commuting: change or exchange of one thing for another: the change of a penalty or rate from a greater to a less.—adj. Commū′tative (or Comm′), relating to exchange: interchangeable.—adv. Commū′tatively.—n. Comm′utātor, an apparatus attached to many electric machines for reversing the currents.—adj. Commut′ual, mutual. [L. commutāre—com, with mutāre, to change.]

Comose, kō′mōs, adj. hairy, comate. [L. comosus.]

Compact, kom-pakt′, adj. fastened or packed together: firm: close: brief.—v.t. to press closely together: to consolidate: (Shak.) to confirm.—adj. Compact′ed, firmly put together: compact.—adv. Compact′edly.—n. Compact′edness.—adv. Compact′ly.—ns. Compact′ness, state of being compact: closeness: solidity: terseness; Compac′ture (Spens.) close union or knitting together; Compāge′, Compā′ges, a structure of many parts. [Fr.,—L. com, pactus, pa.p. of compingĕre—com, together, pangĕre, to fix. Cf. Fang.]

Compact, kom′pakt, n. a mutual bargain or agreement: a league, treaty, or union: (Shak.) league, in bad sense.—adj. united: leagued. [L. compactum—compacisci, from com, with, and pacisci, to make a bargain; cf. pangĕre.]

Compaginate, kom-paj′i-nāt, v.t. to join, connect.—n. Compaginā′tion. [L. compagināre, -ātum—com, together, and pangĕre, to fasten, fix.]

Companion, kom-pan′yun, n. one who keeps company or frequently associates with another: an associate or partner: a higher rank of servant, who, though receiving pay, stands rather in the relation of a friend: fellow, in a bad sense.—v.t. to accompany.—adj. of the nature of a companion: accompanying.—adjs. Compan′iable (obs.), sociable; Compan′ionable, fit to be a companion: agreeable.—n. Compan′ionableness.—adv. Compan′ionably.—adj. Compan′ioned, having a companion.—ns. Compan′ionhood, Compan′ionary.—adj. Compan′ionless, without a companion.—n. Compan′ionship. [Fr. compagnon, from Low L. companium, a mess—L. com, with, and panis, bread.]

Companion, kom-pan′yun, n. (naut.) the skylight or window-frame through which light passes to a lower deck or cabin: companion-ladder.—ns. Compan′ion-ladd′er, the ladder or stair leading from the deck to the officers' cabin; Compan′ion-way, a staircase from the deck to a cabin. [Cf. Dut. kompanje; O. Fr. compagne; It. compagne.]

Company, kum′pa-ni, n. any assembly of persons: a number of persons associated together for trade, &c.: a society: a subdivision of a regiment: the crew of a ship: state of being a companion: fellowship: associates: society: a gathering of people for social intercourse.—v.t. to accompany.—v.i. to associate.—Be good, or bad, company, to have, or to lack, companionable qualities; Keep company, to associate with: to court; Know a man by his company, to determine his character by the quality of his friends. [Fr. compagnie. See Companion.]

Compare, kom-pār′, v.t. to set things together, to ascertain how far they agree or disagree: to liken or represent as similar: (gram.) to inflect an adjective.—v.i. to hold comparison.—n. (obs.) comparison: similitude.—adj. Com′parable, that may be compared.—n. Com′parableness.—adv. Com′parably.—adj. Compar′ative, pertaining to comparison: estimated by comparing with something else: not positive or absolute: (gram.) expressing more.—adv. Compar′atively.—n. Compar′ison, the act of comparing: capacity of being compared: comparative estimate: a simile or figure by which two things are compared: (gram.) the inflection of an adjective.—Beyond compare, without any rival. [Fr.,—L. comparāre, to match, from com, together, parāre, to make or esteem equal—par, equal.]

Compare, kom-pār′, v.t. (Spens.) to get or provide. [L. comparāre—com, inten., parāre, to prepare.]

Compartment, kom-pärt′ment, n. a separate part or division of any enclosed space: a division of a railway carriage: a division of anything.—v.t. Compart′, to divide into parts. [Fr., from compartir—L. com, with, partīre, to part.]

Compass, kum′pas, n. a circuit or circle: space: limit: range, a limit of tones of a voice or instrument: the circumference: girth: an instrument consisting of a magnetised needle, used to steer ships by, &c., the needle indicating on a card the absolute directions at any given time: (pl.) an instrument consisting of two movable legs, for describing circles, &c.—v.t. to pass or go round: to surround or enclose: to besiege: to bring about or obtain: to contrive or plot: to accomplish.—adj. Com′passable, capable of being compassed.—ns. Com′pass-card, the circular card of a compass; Com′passing, contrivance: design; Com′pass-plane, a plane, convex on the under side, for smoothing curved timber; Com′pass-saw, a saw that cuts in a circular manner; Com′pass-sig′nal, a signal denoting a point in the compass; Com′pass-tim′ber, curved timber, used for shipbuilding, &c.; Com′pass-win′dow, a semicircular bay-window.—Box the compass (see Box); Fetch a compass, to go round in a circuit. [Fr. compas, a circle, prob. from Low L. compassus—L. com, together, passus, a step.]

Compassion, kom-pash′un, n. fellow-feeling, or sorrow for the sufferings of another: pity.—v.t. to pity.—adjs. Compas′sionable, pitiable; Compas′sionate, inclined to pity or mercy: merciful.—v.t. to have compassion for: to have pity or mercy upon.—adv. Compas′sionately.—n. Compas′sionateness. [Fr.,—L. compassio—com, with, pati, passus, to suffer.]

Compatible, kom-pat′i-bl, adj. consistent: agreeable: that can be endured together.—ns. Compatibil′ity, Compat′ibleness, the quality of being compatible.—adv. Compat′ibly. [Fr.,—L. com, with, pati, to suffer.]

Compatriot, kom-pā′tri-ot, adj. of the same country.—n. one of the same country.—adj. Compatriot′ic.—n. Compā′triotism. [Fr.,—L. com, with, and Patriot.]

Compear, kom-pēr′, v.i. (Scots law) to appear in court.—ns. Compear′ance; Compear′ant. [L. comparēre—com, together, parēre, to appear.]

Compeer, kom-pēr′, n. one who is equal to another: a companion: an associate.—v.t. (Shak.) to equal. [L. compar—com, with, and par, equal.]

Compel, kom-pel′, v.t. to drive or urge on forcibly: to oblige: to force: to obtain by hard labour:—pr.p. compel′ling; pa.p. compelled′.—adj. Compel′lable. [L. com, inten., pellĕre, pulsum, to drive.]

Compellation, kom-pel-ā′shun, n. style of address: an appellation.—adj. Compel′lative.—n. compellation. [L. compellāre, -atum, to address, freq. of compellĕre.]

Compend, kom′pend, Compendium, kom-pen′di-um, n. a shortening or abridgment: a book or treatise containing the substance of a larger one: an epitome: an abstract.—adj. Compen′dious, short: concise: comprehensive.—adv. Compen′diously.—n. Compen′diousness. [L. compendium, what is weighed together, or saved (opp. to dispendium)—com, together, pendĕre, to weigh.]

Compensate, kom′pen-sāt, or kom-pen′sāt, v.t. to reward suitably: to make amends for: to recompense: to counterbalance.—n. Compensā′tion, act of compensating: reward for service: amends for loss sustained: (phys.) the neutralisation of opposing forces.—adjs. Compen′sative, Compen′satory, giving compensation.—n. Com′pensātor, one who or that which compensates.—Compensation balance, pendulum, a balance-wheel or pendulum so constructed as to counteract the effect of the expansion and contraction of the metal under variation of temperature. [L. com, inten., and pensāre, freq. of pendĕre, to weigh.]

Compesce, kom-pes′, v.t. to restrain. [L. compescĕre—compes, a fetter—com, together, pes, a foot.]

Compete, kom-pēt′, v.i. to seek or strive with others for something: to contend for a prize.—n. Competi′tion, the act of competing: common strife for the same object.—adj. Compet′itive, pertaining to or characterised by competition.—n. Compet′itor, one who competes: a rival or opponent. [L. competĕre—com, together, petĕre, to seek.]

Competent, kom′pe-tent, adj. suitable: sufficient: fit: belonging: legally qualified: legitimate.—ns. Com′petence, Com′petency, fitness: capacity: sufficiency: competent circumstances: legal power or capacity.—adv. Com′petently. [Fr.,—L. competĕre—com, with, petĕre, to seek, to strive after.]

Compile, kom-pīl′, v.t. to write or compose by collecting the materials from other books: to draw up or collect: to compose.—ns. Compilā′tion, the act of compiling: the thing compiled, a literary work made by gathering the material from various authors; Compile′ment, a compilation; Compil′er, Com′pilātor, one who compiles. [Fr. compiler, prob. from L. compilāre—com, together, pilāre, to plunder.]

Complacent, kom-plā′sent, adj. showing satisfaction: pleased: inclined to please.—ns. Complā′cence, Complā′cency, pleasure: satisfaction: complaisance.—adv. Complā′cently. [L. complacēre—com, inten., placēre, to please.]

Complain, kom-plān′, v.i. to express grief, pain, censure: to murmur or express a sense of injury: to accuse: to make a mournful sound: to be ill—e.g. 'to complain of a sore throat.'—n. complaint.—ns. Complain′ant, one who complains: (law) one who raises a suit, a plaintiff; Complain′er, a murmurer: complainant; Complain′ing, the action of the verb complain: complaint.—adv. Complain′ingly.—n. Complaint′, a complaining: an expression of grief: a representation of pains or injuries: a finding fault: the thing complained of: a disease: an ailment. [Fr. complaindre—Low L. complangĕre—L. com, inten., plangĕre, bewail.]

Complaisant, kom′plā-zant, or kom-plā-zant′, adj. desirous of pleasing; obliging.—n. Com′plaisance (or Complaisance′), care or desire to please: an obliging civility.—adv. Com′plaisantly (or Complaisant′ly). [Fr.,—complaire—L. complacēre.]

Complect, kom-plekt′, v.t. to embrace: to interweave.—adj. Complect′ed, interwoven. [L. complecti, to embrace—com, and plectĕre, to twine.]

Complement, kom′ple-ment, n. that which completes or fills up: full number or quantity: (Shak.) politeness.—v.t. Complement′, to supplement: (arch.) to compliment.—adjs. Complement′al, completing: (Shak.) complimental; Complement′ary, completing: together making up a whole.—Complementary angles, angles which together make up a right angle. [L. complementum—com, and plēre, to fill.]

Complete, kom-plēt′, adj. free from deficiency: perfect: finished: entire.—v.t. to finish: to make perfect or entire: to accomplish.—adjs. Complēt′able; Complēt′ed.—adv. Complete′ly.—ns. Complete′ness, the state of being complete; Complē′tion, the act of completing: the state of being complete: fulfilment.—adjs. Complēt′ive; Complēt′ory, fulfilling: completing. [L. complēre, -ētum, to fill up—com, inten., and plēre, to fill.]

Complex, kom′pleks, adj. composed of more than one, or of many parts: not simple: intricate: difficult.—n. a complex whole.—v.t. to complicate.—ns. Complex′edness, Com′plexness, Complex′ity, state of being complex: complication.—adv. Com′plexly.—n. Complex′us, a complicated system: a large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to the head. [L. complex—com, together, and root of plicāre, to fold. See Complicate.]

Complexion, kom-plek′shun, n. disposition: colour: quality: colour or look of the skin, esp. of the face: general appearance, temperament, or texture: (Shak.) bodily constitution.—v.t. to give a colour to.—adjs. Complex′ional, pertaining to the complexion; Complex′ioned, having a certain complexion, or temperament; Complex′ionless, colourless: pale. [Fr.,—L. complexio, a combination, physical structure of body—complecti, complexus, to embrace—plectĕre, to plait.]

Compliance, kom-plī′ans, n. a yielding: agreement: complaisance: assent: submission (in bad sense).—adj. Complī′able, disposed to comply.—n. Complī′ancy, compliance.—adj. Complī′ant, yielding: pliant: civil.—adv. Complī′antly.—In compliance with, in agreement with. [See Comply.]

Complicate, kom′pli-kāt, v.t. to twist or plait together: to render complex: to entangle.—adj. complex: involved.—n. Com′plicacy, the quality or state of being complicated.—adj. Com′plicated, intricate, confused.—n. Complicā′tion, an intricate blending or entanglement.—adj. Com′plicative, tending to complicate.—Complicated fracture, a fracture where there is some other injury (e.g. a flesh wound not communicating with the fracture, a dislocation, a rupture of a large blood-vessel); Complication of diseases, a number of diseases present at the same time. [L. com, together, and plicāre, -ātum, to fold.]

Complice, kom′plis, n. (Shak.) an associate: an accomplice.—n. Complic′ity, state or condition of being an accomplice: complexity.

Compliment, kom′pli-ment, n. an expression of regard or praise: delicate flattery: an expression of formal respect or civility: a present.—v.t. Compliment′, to pay a compliment to: to express respect for: to praise: to flatter: to congratulate: to make a present.—v.i. to make compliments.—adjs. Compliment′al, expressing or implying compliment; Compliment′ary, conveying, or expressive of, civility or praise: using compliments.—n. Compliment′er, one who pays compliments.—Compliments of the season, compliments appropriate to special times, as Christmas and birthdays; Left-handed compliment, a saying intended to seem a compliment, but in reality the reverse; Pay, or Present, one's compliments, to give one's respects or greeting. [Fr. compliment—L. complementum. See Comply.]

Compline, Complin, kom′plin, n. the 7th and last service of the day, at 9 P.M., completing the canonical hours. [O. Fr. conplie (mod. complies)—L. completa (hora).]

Complish, kom′plish, v.t. (Spens.) to accomplish.

Complot, kom′plot, n. a conspiracy.—v.i. Complot′, to plot together, to conspire.—v.t. to plan.—pr.p. complot′ting; pa.p. complot′ted. [Fr.]

Compluvium, kom-plōō′vi-um, n. a quadrangular open space in the middle of a Roman house, which carried the rain-water from the roofs to a basin (impluvium) placed below. [L.]

Comply, kom-plī′, v.i. to yield to the wishes of another: to agree or consent to (with):—pr.p. comply′ing; pa.t. and pa.p. complied′.—n. Complī′er, one who complies.—p.adj. Comply′ing, compliant. [It. complire, to fulfil, to suit, to offer courtesies—L. complēre, to fulfil.]

Compo, kom′pō, n. a mixture of whiting, resin, and glue for ornamenting walls and cornices; a bankrupt's composition. [Abbrev. of Composition.]

Component, kom-pō′nent, adj. making up: forming one of the elements of a compound.—n. one of the elements of a compound.—n. Compō′nency.—adj. Component′al. [L. componĕre.]

Comport, kom-pōrt′, v.i. to agree, suit (with).—v.t. to bear one's self: to behave.—n. manner of acting.—ns. Comport′ance (Spens.); Comport′ment, behaviour. [L. comportāre—com, together, and portāre, to carry.]

Compose, kom-pōz′, v.t. to form by putting two or more parts or things together: to place in proper order, to put together, to arrange artistically the elements of a landscape for painting: to settle or set at rest: to soothe: to set up or place types in order for printing: to originate or write as author, to set to music.—p.adj. Composed′, settled, quiet, calm.—adv. Compos′edly.—ns. Compos′edness; Compos′er, a writer, an author, esp. of a piece of music.—adj. Com′posite, made up of two or more distinct parts: (archit.) a blending of the Ionic and the Corinthian orders: (bot.) belonging to the natural order Compositæ, having compound or composite flowers—heads of flowers composed of a number of florets on a common receptacle, surrounded by bracts forming a leafy involucre, like single flowers.—adv. Com′positely.—ns. Com′positeness; Compos′ing-stick, an instrument with a sliding adjustment, used for holding printing-types before they are put on the galley; Compos′ition, the act of putting together, or that which is put together: the thing composed, as a work in literature, music, or painting: mental constitution: artistic manner, style in writing or painting: a coming together or agreement, an arrangement or compromise: a certain percentage which creditors agree to accept in lieu of the full payment of a bankrupt's debts: (mech.) the compounding of two velocities or forces into a single velocity or force which shall be their equivalent.—adj. Compos′itive.—ns. Compos′itor, one who puts together, or sets up, types for printing; Com′post, Compost′ure (Shak.) a mixture for manure: a kind of plaster; Compō′sure, calmness: self-possession: tranquillity.—Composite candle, one made of a mixture of stearic acid and the stearin of coco-nut oil; Composite carriage, a railway-carriage with compartments of different classes; Composite portrait, a single portrait produced by combining those of a number of persons; Composition of a felony, the act of abstaining from prosecution for some consideration—itself punishable by fine and imprisonment. [Fr. composer, from L. cum, and pausāre, to cease, to rest.]

Compos mentis, kom′pos ment′is, adj. phrase, in one's right mind—sometimes merely Compos. [L.]

Compossible, kom-pos′i-bl, adj. possible in co-existence with something else.—n. Compossibil′ity. [L. com-, and Possible.]

Compot, kom′pot, n. fruit preserved in syrup. [Fr. compote.]

Compotation, kom-po-tā′shun, n. a carouse together.—ns. Compotā′tionship; Com′potator, a bottle-companion.—adj. Compot′atory. [L. compotationem—com, together, potāre, to drink.]

Compound, kom-pownd′, v.t. to mix or combine: to settle or adjust by agreement.—v.i. to agree, or come to terms: to bargain in the lump.—adj. Com′pound, mixed or composed of a number of parts: not simple, dealing with numbers of various denominations of quantity, &c., as in 'compound addition,' &c.; or with processes more complex than the simple process, as in 'compound proportion,' &c.—n. a mass made up of a number of parts: the usual name in India for the enclosure in which a house stands, with its outhouses, yard, and garden: a compounded drug.—n. Compound′er.—Compound engine, a condensing engine in which the mechanical action of the steam is begun in one cylinder, and ended in a larger cylinder; Compound fracture, a broken bone, communicating with a co-existing skin wound; Compound householder, one who pays his rates in his rent, the landlord being immediately chargeable with them; Compound interest, the charge made where—the interest not being paid when due—it is added to the principal, forming the amount upon which the subsequent year's interest is computed; Compound quantity (alg.), a quantity consisting of more than one term, as a + b; Compound time (mus.), time in which each bar is made up of two or more simple bars. [O. Fr., from L. componĕre—com, together, ponĕre, to place.]

Comprehend, kom-pre-hend′, v.t. to seize or take up with the mind, to understand: to comprise or include.—ns. Comprehensibil′ity, Comprehen′sibleness.—adj. Comprehen′sible, capable of being understood.—adv. Comprehen′sibly.—n. Comprehen′sion, power of the mind to understand: (logic) the intension of a term or the sum of the qualities implied in the term: the inclusion of Nonconformists within the Church of England.—adj. Comprehen′sive, having the quality or power of comprehending much: extensive: full.—adv. Comprehen′sively.—n. Comprehen′siveness. [L. comprehendĕre, to seize.]

Compress, kom-pres′, v.t. to press together: to force into a narrower space: to condense or concentrate.—n. Com′press, soft folds of linen, &c., formed into a pad, and used in surgery to apply any requisite pressure to any part: a wet cloth, covered with waterproof, applied to the skin.—adj. Compressed′.—ns. Compressibil′ity, Compres′sibleness, the property that bodies have of being reduced in volume by pressure—the ratio of the amount of compression per unit volume to the compressing force applied.—adj. Compres′sible, that may be compressed.—n. Compres′sion, act of compressing: state of being compressed, condensation.—adjs. Compres′sional; Compres′sive, able to compress.—ns. Compres′sor, anything that compresses; a muscle that compresses certain parts; Compres′sure.—Compressed-air bath, a strong chamber of iron plates in which a patient can sit, and into which air is driven by a steam-engine to any required pressure; Compressed-air motor, any mode of employing air as a motive-power, as in automatic railway-brakes, &c. [L. compressāre, com, together, and pressāre, to press—premĕre, pressum, to press.]

Comprint, kom-print′, v.t. to share in printing—of the former privilege shared with the Stationers' Company and the King's Printer by Oxford and Cambridge.

Comprise, kom-prīz′, v.t. to contain, include: to sum up.—adj. Compris′able.—n. Compris′al, the act of comprising.—p.adjs. Comprised′, included; Compris′ing, including. [Fr. compris, pa.p. of comprendre—L. comprehendĕre. See Comprehend.]

Compromise, kom′prō-mīz, n. a settlement of differences by mutual concession, adjustment of one's theories or principles.—v.t. to settle by mutual agreement and concession: to pledge: to involve or bring into question—to expose one's self to risk of danger or misunderstanding.—p.adj. Com′promised, exposed to danger or discredit. [Fr. compromis—L. compromittĕre, -missum—com, together, promittĕre, to promise.]

Comprovincial, kom-pro-vin′shal, adj. (Spens.) belonging to the same province.

Compt, Compter, Comptible, obs. forms of Count, &c.

Comptroll, Comptroller. See under Control.

Compulse, kom-puls′, v.t. to compel.—adjs. Compul′satory, Compul′sative (Shak.), compulsory.—p.adj. Compulsed′, compelled.—ns. Compul′sion, the act of compelling: force: necessity: violence; Compul′sitor (Scots law), that which compels.—adj. Compul′sive, coercive: with power to compel.—adv. Compul′sively; Compul′sorily.—adj. Compul′sory, compelled: obligatory: compelling. [L. compulsāre, freq. of compellĕre, to compel.]

Compunction, kom-pungk′shun, n. uneasiness of conscience: remorse: regret: pity.—adj. Compunc′tious, feeling or causing compunction: repentant: remorseful.—adv. Compunc′tiously.—Without compunction, with no feeling of sorrow or regret. [O. Fr.,—L. compunctio, -nis—com, inten., and pungĕre, punctum, to prick.]

Compurgation, kom-pur-gā′shun, n. the custom, in Anglo-Saxon law, of permitting the accused to call in witnesses to prove his innocency, by joining their oaths to his: evidence in favour of the accused: vindication.—n. Com′purgator, one who testifies to the innocency or veracity of another.—adjs. Compurgatō′rial, Compur′gatory. [L. compurgāre, to purify wholly. See Purge.]

Compursion, kom-pur′shun, n. a pursing together (Sterne).

Compute, kom-pūt′, v.t. to calculate: to number: to estimate.—adj. Comput′able, calculable.—ns. Com′putant, Comput′er, Com′putist, a calculator; Computā′tion, act of computing: reckoning: estimate.—adj. Comput′ātive, given to computation.—n. Com′putātor. [L. computāre, from com, together, putāre, to reckon.]

Comrade, kom′rād, n. a close companion: an intimate associate—ns. Com′radery; Com′radeship. [Sp. camarada, a roomful, a chamber-mate—L. camera, a chamber.]

Comtism, komt′ism, n. the philosophical system of August Comte, the founder of Positivism (1798-1857).—adj. Com′tian.—n. and adj. Comt′ist.

Comus, kō′mus, n. a god of mirth: a revel. [L.,—Gr. kōmos, a revel.]

Con., kon, a contraction of L. contra, against, as in Pro and con., for and against.

Con, kon, v.t. to study carefully: to commit to memory:—pr.p. con′ning; pa.p. conned.—n. Con′ning, learning by heart; poring over. [A.S. cunnian, to try to know—cunnan, to know.]

Con, Conn, kon, kun, v.t. to direct the steering of a ship.—n. the act of conning.—ns. Con′ning, directing the steering; Con′ning-tow′er, the pilot-house of a war-ship. [Prob. conn. with preceding.]

Con, kon, n. a knock. [Fr. cogner, to knock.]

Conacre, kon′ā-kėr, n. the custom of letting land in Ireland in small portions for a single crop, the rent paid in money or in labour—also Corn′acre.—v.t. to sublet in conacre.—n. Con′acreism.

Conarium, kō-nā′ri-um, n. the pineal gland of the brain.—adj. Conā′rial. [Gr. kōnarion.]

Conatus, ko-nā′tus, n. an effort: an impulse.—n. Conā′tion, the faculty of free agency, including desire and volition.—adj. Conā′tive. [L. conāri, -ātus, to endeavour.]

Concatenate, kon-kat′e-nāt, v.t. to chain or link together: to connect in a series.—n. Concatenā′tion, a series of links united: a series of things depending on each other. [L. con, together, and catena, a chain.]

Concause, kon′kawz, n. a co-operating cause.

Concave, kon′kāv, adj. curved, vaulted, or arched, applied to the inner side of any curved line or rounded body, and opposed to convex, which is applied to the outside.—n. a hollow: an arch or vault.—adv. Con′cavely.—n. Concav′ity, the quality of being concave: the inner surface of a concave or hollow body.—adjs. Concā′vo-con′cave, or Doub′le-con′cave, concave on both sides of a lens; Concā′vo-con′vex, concave on one side, and convex on the other. [L. concavus, from con, inten., and cavus, hollow. See Cave.]

Conceal, kon-sēl′, v.t. to hide completely or carefully: to keep secret; to disguise: to keep from telling.—adjs. Conceal′able, that may be concealed; Concealed′, hidden.—n. Conceal′ment, act of concealing: secrecy: disguise: hiding-place: (Shak.) a mystery. [O. Fr. conceler—L. concelāre, from con, inten., and celāre, to hide.]

Concede, kon-sēd′, v.t. to cede or give up: to quit: to surrender: to admit: to grant.—v.i. to admit or grant.—n. Conced′er. [L. concedĕre, -cessum—con, wholly and cedĕre, to yield.]

Conceit, kon-sēt′, n. over-estimate of one's self: too favourable opinion of one's own good qualities: a pleasant, fantastical, or affected notion: wit: (Spens.) idea: (Shak.) understanding: estimate.—v.t. to conceive: to think.—adj. Conceit′ed, clever, witty, fantastical (obs. uses): having a high opinion of one's self: egotistical.—adv. Conceit′edly.—n. Conceit′edness.—adj. Conceit′less (Shak.), without conceit, stupid.—Out of conceit with, no longer fond of. [Through a Fr. form conceit, from L. conceptus, pa.p. of concipĕre.]

Conceive, kon-sēv′, v.t. to receive into and form in the womb: to form in the mind: to imagine or think: to understand: to express.—v.i. to become pregnant: to think.—ns. Conceivabil′ity, Conceiv′ableness.—adj. Conceiv′able, that may be conceived, understood, or believed.—adv. Conceiv′ably.—adj. Conceived′, imagined, thought. [O. Fr. concever—L. concipĕre, conceptum, from con, and capĕre, to take.]

Concent, kon-sent′, n. a harmony or concord of sounds: concert of voices.—v.i. (Spens.) to harmonise. [L. concentus, pa.p. of concinĕre—con, together, canĕre, to sing.]

Concentrate, kon′sen-trāt, or kon-sen′-, v.t. to bring towards a common centre: to bring into a closer union: to condense, to render more intense the properties of.—adj. Concen′trated (also Con′-).—n. Concentrā′tion, act of concentrating: condensation: the keeping of the mind fixed on something.—adj. Concen′trative, tending to concentrate.—n. Concen′trativeness. [A lengthened form of Concentre.]

Concentre, kon-sent′ėr, v.i. to tend to or meet in a common centre: to be concentric.—v.t. to bring or direct to a common centre or point:—pr.p. concent′ring; pa.p. concent′red or concent′ered.—adjs. Concen′tric, -al, having a common centre.—adv. Concen′trically.—n. Concentric′ity. [Fr. concentrer—L. con, with, centrum, the centre.]

Concept, kon′sept, n. a thing conceived, a general notion.—ns. Concep′tacle, that in which anything is contained, a receptacle: (bot.) a pericarp of one valve, a follicle: a cavity enclosing the reproductive cells in certain plants and animals; Concep′tion, the act of conceiving: the thing conceived; the formation in the mind of an image or idea: a notion: (Shak.) a mere fancy: a plan: a concept; Concep′tionist.—adjs. Concep′tious (Shak.), fruitful; Concept′ive, capable of conceiving mentally; Concep′tual, pertaining to conception.—ns. Consep′tualism, the doctrine in philosophy that universals have an existence in the mind apart from any concrete embodiment; Concep′tualist, one who holds this doctrine.—adj. Conceptualis′tic. [L. concipĕre, -ceptum, to conceive.]

Concern, kon-sern′, v.t. to relate or belong to: to affect or interest: to make uneasy: to trouble: to have to do with: to be affected.—n. that which concerns or belongs to one: interest: regard: anxiety: a business, or those connected with it.—adj. Concerned′, having connection with: interested: anxious.—adv. Concern′edly.—n. Concern′edness.—prep. Concern′ing, regarding: pertaining to.—n. Concern′ment, a thing in which one is concerned: an affair: importance: interest: interference. [Fr.,—L. concernĕre, con, together, cernĕre, to see.]

Concert, kon′sėrt, n. union or agreement in any undertaking: harmony: musical harmony: a musical entertainment.—v.t. Concert′, to frame or devise together: to arrange, adjust.—p.adj. Concert′ed, mutually planned: arranged.—ns. Concertina (kon-ser-tē′na), a musical instrument consisting of a pair of bellows, usually polygonal, the sounds produced by free vibrating reeds of metal, as in the accordion; Concer′to, a musical composition for a solo instrument, with orchestral accompaniments.—Concert pitch (mus.), the pitch at which instruments for concert use are tuned. [Fr. concerter—It. concertāre, to sing in concert.]

Concession, kon-sesh′un, n. the act of conceding: the thing conceded: a grant.—adj. Conces′sible.—n. Concessionaire′, one who has obtained a concession.—adj. Conces′sionary.—n. Conces′sionist.—adj. Conces′sive, implying concession. [Concede.]

Concetto, kon-chet′to, n. an ingenious turn of expression: a conceit:—pl. Concet′ti.—n. Concet′tism, the use of concetti. [It.,—L. conceptum, conceit.]

Conch, kongk, n. a marine shell: a spiral shell used by the Tritons as a trumpet, and still used by some African peoples in war: a name for the native whites of the Bahamas, owing to their use of conchs as food: (archit.) the semidome of an apse; the apse itself.—n. Conchif′era, a term applied by Lamarck to bivalve molluscs and to very different Brachiopods.—adjs. Conchif′erous, having a shell; Conch′iform, conch-shaped.—n. Conch′oid, a plane curve invented to solve the problem of trisecting a plane angle, doubling the cube, &c.—adjs. Conchoid′al, pertaining to a conchoid: shell-like, applied to the fracture of a mineral; Concholog′ical, pertaining to conchology.—ns. Conchol′ogist; Conchol′ogy, that branch of natural history which deals with the shells of molluscs. [L. concha—Gr. kongchē; Sans. cankha, a shell; conn. with Cockle.]

Concha, kong′ka, n. the central cavity of the outer ear: the outer ear: (archit.) conch. [L. concha.]

Concierge, kong-si-erj′, n. a warden: a janitor. [Fr.; der. unknown.]

Conciliar, kon-sil′i-ar, adj. pertaining to a council.—Also Concil′iary.

Conciliate, kon-sil′i-āt, v.t. to gain, or win over: to gain the love or good-will of such as have been indifferent or hostile: to pacify.—v.i. to make friends.—adj. Concil′iable (obs.).—n. Conciliā′tion, act of conciliating.—adj. Concil′iātive.—n. Concil′iātor.—adj. Concil′iatory. [L. conciliāre, -ātum—concilium, council.]

Concinnity, kon-sin′i-ti, n. harmony: congruity: elegance.—adj. Concinn′ous, elegant: harmonious. [L. concinnus, well adjusted.]

Concipient, kon-sip′i-ent, adj. that which conceives.—n. Concip′iency.

Concise, kon-sīs′, adj. cut short: brief.—v.t. (Milt.) to mutilate.—adv. Concise′ly.—ns. Concise′ness, the quality of being concise: terseness [Fr.,—L. concidĕre, concisum, from con, and cædĕre, to cut.]

Concision, kon-sizh′on, n. mutilation: (B.) circumcision: conciseness.

Conclamation, kon-kla-mā′shun, n. a shout of many together.

Conclave, kon′klāv, n. the room in which cardinals meet to elect a pope: the body of cardinals: any close assembly.—n. Con′clavist, an attendant on a cardinal in conclave. [L. conclave, from con, together, clavis, a key.]

Conclude, kon-klōōd′, v.t. to close: to end: to oblige.—v.i. to end: to infer: to form a final judgment.—p.adj. Conclud′ed, finished: settled.—adj. Conclud′ing, final, closing.—n. Conclu′sion, act of concluding: the end, close, or last part: inference: judgment: an experiment: (Shak.) a riddle.—adjs. Conclus′ive, Conclu′sory, final: convincing.—adv. Conclus′ively.—n. Conclus′iveness.—In conclusion, finally.—To try conclusions, to experiment: to engage in a contest. [L. concludĕre, conclusum—con, together, claudĕre, to shut.]

Concoct, kon-kokt′, v.t. to digest: to prepare or mature: to make up a mixture: to plan, devise: to fabricate.—ns. Concoct′er, Concoct′or; Concoc′tion, act of concocting: ripening: preparation of a medical prescription, &c.: a made-up story.—adj. Concoct′ive, pertaining to concoction. [L. concoquĕre, concoctum—con, together, and coquĕre, to cook, to boil.]

Concomitant, kon-kom′i-tant, adj. accompanying or going along with: conjoined with.—n. he who or that which accompanies.—ns. Concom′itance, Concom′itancy, state of being concomitant.—adv. Concom′itantly. [L. con, with, and comitans, pr.p. of comitāri, to accompany—comes, a companion.]

Concord, kon′kord, or kong′-, n. state of being of the same heart or mind: union: harmony: agreement: a combination of notes which is pleasant to the ear.—v.i. to agree: to harmonise.—n. Concord′ance, agreement: an index or dictionary of the leading words or passages of a book, esp. of the Bible.—adj. Concord′ant, harmonious, united.—adv. Concord′antly.—n. Concord′at, a term, though sometimes used of secular treaties, generally employed to denote an agreement made between the pope and a secular government.—adj. Concor′dial, harmonious. [Fr. concorde—L. concordia—concors, of the same heart, from con, together, cor, cordis, the heart.]

Concorporate, kon-kor′por-āt, v.t. to unite in one body.—adj. united in one body. [L. con, together, and Corporate.]

Concourse, kon′kōrs, or kong′-, n. an assembly of persons or things running or drawn together: (Scots law) concurrence of an officer, who has legal right to grant it. [Fr.,—L. concursus—con, together, currĕre, to run.]

Concreate, kon′krē-āt, v.t. to create with or at the same time.

Concremation, kon-krē-mā′shun, n. a burning up or together, cremation.

Concrescence, kon-kres′ens, n. increment: a growing together of cells or other organisms. [L. concrescentia—con, together, crescĕre, to grow.]

Concrete, kon′krēt, adj. formed into one mass: the opposite of abstract, and denoting a particular thing: made of concrete.—n. a mass formed by parts growing or sticking together: a mixture of lime, sand, pebbles, &c., used in building.—v.t. Concrēte′, to form into a solid mass.—v.i. to harden.—adv. Concrēte′ly.—ns. Concrēte′ness; Concrē′tion, a mass concreted: a growth forming in certain parts of the body, as calculi, &c.—adjs. Concrē′tionary; Concrēt′ive, having power to concrete. [L. concretus—con, together, crescĕre, cretum, to grow.]

Concrew, kon-krōō′, v.i. (Spens.) to concrete.

Concubine, kong′kū-bīn, n. a woman who cohabits or lives with a man without being married.—n. Concū′binage, state of living together as man and wife without being married.—adj. Concū′binary. [Fr.,—L. concubina—con, together, cubāre, to lie down.]

Concupiscence, kon-kū′pis-ens, n. violent desire: sexual appetite: lust.—adjs. Concū′piscent, Concū′piscible. [Fr.,—L. concupiscentia—concupiscĕre—con, inten., cupĕre, to desire.]

Concupy, kong′kū-pi, n. (Shak.) concubine, or concupiscence, according to Schmidt.

Concur, kon-kur′, v.i. to run together: to meet in one point: to coincide: to act together: to agree: to assent to:—pr.p. concur′ring; pa.p. concurred′.—ns. Concur′rence, the meeting of lines: union: joint action: assent; Concur′rency.—adj. Concur′rent, of lines meeting in the same point: coming, acting, or existing together: united: accompanying.—n. one that concurs: a competitor: one who accompanies a sheriff's officer as witness.—adv. Concur′rently.—adj. Concur′ring, agreeing. [L. concurrĕre, from con, together, currĕre, cursum, to run.]

Concuss, kon-kus′, v.t. to disturb: to overawe: to coerce.—n. Concus′sion, state of being shaken: a violent shock caused by the sudden contact of two bodies: any undue pressure or force exerted upon any one.—adj. Concuss′ive, having the power or quality of concussion. [L. concussus—con, together, quatĕre, to shake.]

Concyclic, kon-sī′klik, adj. (geom.) lying on the circumference of one circle.

Condemn, kon-dem′, v.t. to pronounce guilty: to censure or blame: to sentence to punishment: to give up to some fate: to pronounce unfit for use.—adj. Condem′nable, blamable.—n. Condemnā′tion, state of being condemned: blame: cause of being condemned.—adj. Condem′natory, expressing or implying condemnation.—p.adj. Condemned′, pronounced to be wrong, guilty, or useless: belonging or relating to one who is sentenced to punishment, e.g. 'condemned cell:' declared dangerous and to be removed, as a house, bridge, &c. [L. condemnāre, from con, inten., and damnāre, to damage.]

Condense, kon-dens′, v.t. to compress or reduce by pressure into smaller compass: to reduce to a denser form, as vapour to liquid.—n. Condensabil′ity, the quality of being condensable.—adj. Condens′able, capable of being compressed.—v.t. Condens′āte, to condense: to compress into a closer form.—v.i. to become dense: to harden:—pr.p. condens′āting; pa.p. condens′āted.—ns. Condensā′tion, act of condensing; Condens′er, an apparatus for reducing vapours to a liquid form: an appliance for collecting or condensing electricity. [L. condensāre—con, inten., and densus, dense.]

Condescend, kon-de-send′, v.i. to descend willingly from a superior position: to act kindly to inferiors: to deign: to comply: to lower one's self.—n. Condescend′ence, condescension: (Scots law) an articulate statement annexed to a summons, setting forth the allegations in fact upon which an action is founded.—adj. Condescend′ing, yielding to inferiors: courteous: obliging: patronising.—adv. Condescend′ingly.—n. Condescens′ion, affability to inferiors: courtesy: graciousness.—Condescend upon, to specify: to mention. [L. con, inten., and descendĕre, to descend.]

Condiddle, kon-did′l, v.t. (Scot.) to steal.

Condign, kon-dīn′, adj. well merited: adequate (of punishment).—adv. Condign′ly.—n. Condign′ness. [L. condignus—con, wholly, dignus, worthy.]

Condiment, kon′di-ment, n. a seasoning used at table to give a flavour to the ordinary solid or liquid food.—v.t. to pickle. [L. condimentum—condīre, to preserve, to pickle.]

Condition, kon-dish′un, n. state in which things exist: a particular manner of being: quality: rank, as 'a person of condition:' pre-requisite: temper: a term of a contract: proposal: arrangement: (logic) that which must precede the operation of a cause: (law) a provision that upon the occurrence of an uncertain event an obligation shall come into force, or shall cease, or that the obligation shall not come into force until a certain event.—v.i. to make terms.—v.t. to agree upon: to restrict, limit: to determine.—adj. Condi′tional, depending on conditions.—n. Conditional′ity.—adv. Condi′tionally.—v.t. Condi′tionate, to condition: to qualify.—adj. Condi′tioned, having a certain condition, state, or quality: circumstanced: depending: relative—the opposite of absolute.—Conditioning House, an establishment in which the true weight, length, and condition of articles of trade and commerce are determined scientifically—the first in England established at Bradford in 1891. [L. condicio, -nis, a compact (later false spelling conditio)—condicĕre—con, together, dicĕre, to say.]

Condole, kon-dōl′, v.i. to grieve with another: to sympathise in sorrow: (Shak.) to grieve.—adj. Condol′atory, expressing condolence.—ns. Condole′ment, Condol′ence, expression of grief for another's sorrow.—adj. Condol′ent, sympathetic. [L. con, with, dolēre, to grieve.]

Condone, kon-dōn′, v.t. to forgive: to pass over.—n. Condonā′tion, forgiveness: in the legal phraseology of Britain and the United States, forgiveness granted by the injured party, which may be urged by the guilty party as a defence against an action of divorce on the ground of adultery. [L. con, inten., donāre, to give. See Donation.]

Condor, kon′dor, n. a large vulture found among the Andes of South America. [Sp.,—Peruv. cuntur.]

Condottiere, kon-dot-ti-ā′re, n. a leader of a band of military adventurers who sold their services to any party in any contest:—pl. Condottieri (-ā′rē). [It.,—condotto, way—L. con, and ducĕre, to lead.]

Conduce, kon-dūs′, v.i. to tend to some end: to contribute.—ns. Conduce′ment (Milt.), Conduc′ibleness, Conduc′iveness.—adjs. Conduc′ible, Conduc′ive, leading or tending: having power to promote: advantageous.—advs. Conduc′ibly, Conduc′ively. [L. con, together, ducĕre, ductum, to lead.]

Conduct, kon-dukt′, v.t. to lead or guide: to convey (water): to direct: to manage: to behave: (elect.) to carry or transmit.—ns. Con′duct, act or method of leading or managing: guidance: escort: guide: management: behaviour; Conductibil′ity.—adjs. Conduct′ible, capable of conducting heat, &c.: capable of being conducted or transmitted.—n. Conduc′tion, act or property of conducting or transmitting: transmission by a conductor, as heat.—adj. Conduct′ive, having the quality or power of conducting or transmitting.—ns. Conductiv′ity, a power that bodies have of transmitting heat and electricity; Conduct′or, the person or thing that conducts: a leader: a manager: a leader of an orchestra: one in charge of a bus, &c.: that which has the property of transmitting electricity, heat, &c.—n.fem. Conduct′ress. [L. conductus—conducĕre. See Conduce.]

Conduit, kun′dit, or kon′-, n. a channel or pipe to lead or convey water, &c.: a kind of fountain. [Fr. conduit—L. conductus—conducĕre, to lead.]

Condyle, kon′dil, n. a protuberance at the end of a bone serving for articulation with another bone, esp. that by which the occipital bone of the skull is articulated to the spine.—adj. Con′dyloid.—n. Condylō′ma, a growth about the anus or generative organs. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. kondylos, knuckle.]

Cone, kōn, n. a solid pointed figure with a circular base: fruit shaped like a cone, as that of the pine, fir, &c.: anything shaped like a cone.—ns. Cone′-shell, a family of Gasteropod molluscs, with substantial conical shells; Cone′-wheat, a variety of wheat, with conical-shaped spike.—adjs. Conic, -al, having the form of or pertaining to a cone.—adv. Con′ically.—ns. Con′icalness, Conic′ity.—adj. Con′ico-cylin′drical.—n. Con′ics, that part of geometry which deals with the cone and its sections.—adj. Cō′niform, in the form of a cone.—Conic section, a figure made by the section of a cone by a plane. [Fr. cone—L.,—Gr. kōnos, a peak, a peg.]

Coney. See Cony.

Confab, kon-fab′, v. and n. coll. forms of Confab′ulāte, Confabulā′tion.—adj. Confab′ular.—n. Confab′ulātor.—adj. Confab′ulātory.

Confabulate, kon-fab′ū-lāt, v.i. to talk familiarly together: to chat.—n. Confabulā′tion. [L. con, together, fabulāri, to talk—fabula, a tale, fable.]

Confarreation, kon-far-re-ā′shun, n. a Roman mode of marriage, made in the presence of the high-priest and ten witnesses, at which bread made of spelt was eaten together.—adj. Confar′reate. [L. confarreatio—confarreāre, to unite by bread, to marry—con, with, far, a species of grain.]

Confect, kon′fekt, n. fruit, &c., prepared with sugar: a sweetmeat: a comfit.—v.t. Confect′, to prepare: to preserve.—n. Confec′tion, composition, compound: a composition of drugs: a sweetmeat: the French word for a ready-made article of dress for women's wear.—v.t. to make a confection, in its various uses.—ns. Confec′tionary (B.), a confectioner: a sweetmeat: a place where confections are made: confectionery; Confec′tioner, one who makes confections; Confec′tionery, a confectioner's shop: the business of a confectioner: sweetmeats in general. [L. conficĕre, confectum, to make up together—con, together, facĕre, to make.]

Confederate, kon-fed′ėr-āt, adj. leagued together: allied.—n. one united in a league: an ally: an acomplice.—v.i. and v.t. to league together or join in a league.—ns. Confed′eracy, a league or mutual engagement: persons or states united by a league: a conspiracy; Confederā′tion, a league: alliance, esp. of princes, states, &c.—adj. Confed′erātive, of or belonging to a confederation. [L. confœderāre, -ātum—con, together, fœdus, fœdĕris, a league.]

Confer, kon-fėr′, v.t. to give or bestow: to compare (notes), collate—abbrev. cf.—v.i. to talk or consult together:—pr.p. confer′ring; pa.p. conferred′.—ns. Conferee′, one conferred with; Con′ference, the act of conferring: an appointed meeting for instruction or discussion.—adjs. Conferen′tial; Confer′rable.—n. Confer′rer, one who confers. [Fr.,—L. conferre—con, together, ferre, to bring.]

Conferva, kon-fėr′va, n. a genus of lower fresh-water Algæ, forming slimy masses or tufts in ponds and stagnent pools, easily recognised by their unbranched filaments.—adj. Confer′void. [L. conferva, a kind water-plant.]

Confess, kon-fes′, v.t. to acknowledge fully, esp. something wrong: to own or admit: to make known, as sins to a priest: to hear a confession, as a priest.—v.i. to make confession.—ns. Confes′sion, acknowledgment of a crime or fault: avowal; a statement of one's religious belief: acknowledgment of sin to a priest; Confes′sional, the seat or enclosed recess where a priest hears confessions.—adj. pertaining to confession.—ns. Confes′sionalism; Confes′sionalist.—adj. Confes′sionary, of or belonging to confession.—n. a confessional.—ns. Confess′or, one who professes the Christian faith, or a priest who hears confessions and grants absolution: one who endures persecution but not death:—fem. Confess′oress; Confess′orship.—adjs. Confessed′, Confest′, admitted: avowed: evident.—advs. Confess′edly, Confest′ly.—Confession of Faith, a formulary embodying the religious beliefs of a church or sect: a creed.—Confess to, to admit, acknowledge; Stand confessed, to be revealed. [Fr. confesser—L. confitēri, confessus—con, sig. completeness, and fatēri—fāri, to speak.]

Confide, kon-fīd′, v.i. to trust wholly or have faith (with in): to rely.—v.t. to entrust, or commit to the charge of.—ns. Confidant′, one confided in or entrusted with secrets: a bosom-friend:—fem. Confidante′; Con′fidence, firm trust or belief: faith: self-reliance: firmness: boldness: presumption; Con′fidency.—adj. Con′fident, trusting firmly: having full belief: positive: bold.—n. a confidential friend.—adj. Confiden′tial, (given) in confidence: admitted to confidence: private.—advs. Confiden′tially; Con′fidently.—n. Confid′er, one who confides.—adj. Confid′ing, trustful.—adv. Confid′ingly.—n. Confid′ingness.—Confidence trick, a swindler's trick, whereby a person is induced to hand over money as a mark of confidence in the swindler; Confidant person, in Scots law, a confidential person, partner, agent, &c. [L. confidĕre—con, sig. completeness, and fidĕre, to trust.]

Configuration, kon-fig-ū-rā′shun, n. external figure or shape: outline: relative position or aspect, as of planets.—vs.t. Config′urate, Config′ure, to shape. [L. configuratio—con, together, and figurāre, to form. See Figure.]

Confine, kon′fīn, n. border, boundary, or limit—generally in pl.: (kon-fīn′) confinement: (Shak.) a prison.—v.t. Confine′, to border; to be adjacent to: to limit, enclose: to imprison.—adjs. Confin′-able; Confined′, limited: imprisoned: narrow; Confine′less (Shak.), without bound: unlimited.—ns. Confine′ment, state of being shut up: restraint: imprisonment: restraint from going abroad by sickness, and esp. of women in childbirth; Confin′er. one within the confines: (Shak.) an inhabitant.—adj. Confin′ing, bordering: limiting.—Be confined, to be limited: to be in child-bed. [Fr. confiner—L. confinis, bordering—con, together, finis, the end.]

Confirm, kon-fėrm′, v.t. to strengthen: to fix or establish: to ratify: to verify: to assure: to admit to full communion.—adj. Confirm′able.—n. Confirmā′tion, a making firm or sure: convincing proof: the rite by which persons are admitted to full communion in the R.C., Greek, Lutheran, Anglican, and other Churches.—adjs. Confirm′ative, tending to confirm; Confirm′atory, giving additional strength to: confirming; Confirmed′, settled: inveterate.—ns. Confirmee′, one to whom anything is confirmed; Confirm′er; Confirm′ing. [O. Fr. confermer—L. confirmāre—con, inten., and firmāre—firmus, firm.]

Confiscate, kon′fis-kāt, or kon-fis′-, v.t. to appropriate to the state, as a penalty: to take possession of.—adj. forfeited to the public treasury.—adjs. Confis′cable, Confis′catory, of the nature of confiscation.—ns. Confiscā′tion, the act of confiscating; Con′fiscātor, one who confiscates. [L. confiscāre, -ātum—con, together, fiscus, a basket.]

Confit, kon′fit, n. (obs.). Same as Comfit.

Confiteor, kon-fit′ē-or, n. a form of prayer or confession used in the Latin Church. [L. confiteor, I confess.]

Confiture, kon′fit-ūr, n. (obs.). Same as Comfiture.

Confix, kon-fiks′, v.t. (Shak.) to fix firmly. [L. configĕre, -fixum—con, inten., figĕre, to fix.]

Conflagrate, kon′fla-grāt, v.t. and v.i. to burn up.—adj. Conflag′rant (Milt.) burning.—n. Conflagrā′tion, a great burning or fire. [L. conflagrāre—con, inten., and flagrāre, to burn. See Flagrant.]

Conflate, kon-flāt′, v.t. to blow together: to produce: to combine two variant readings of a text into one.—n. Conflā′tion. [L. conflatus—conflāre, to blow together—con, and flāre, to blow.]

Conflict, kon′flikt, n. violent collision: a struggle or contest: a battle: a mental struggle.—v.i. Conflict′, to fight: contend: to be in opposition: to clash.—adj. Conflict′ing, clashing: contradictory.—n. Conflic′tion.—adj. Conflict′ive, tending to conflict. [L. confligĕre—con, together, and fligĕre, to strike.]

Confluence, kon′floo-ens, n. a flowing together: the place of meeting, as of rivers: a concourse: the act of meeting together.—adj. Con′fluent, flowing together: uniting.—n. a stream uniting and flowing with another.—adv. Con′fluently.—n. Con′flux, a flowing together. [L. confluĕre, confluxum, from con, together, fluĕre, to flow.]

Conform, kon-form′, v.t. to make like or of the same form with: to adapt.—v.i. to be of the same form; to comply: to obey.—n. Conformabil′ity, state of being conformable.—adj. Conform′able, corresponding in form: suitable: compliant.—adv. Conform′ably.—ns. Conformā′tion, particular form, shape, or structure: adaptation; Conform′er, Conform′ist, one who conforms, esp. with the worship of the Established Church; Conform′ity, likeness: compliance: consistency.—In conformity with, in accordance with. [L. conformāre—con, with, and formāre—forma, form.]

Confound, kon-fownd′, v.t. to overthrow, defeat: to mingle so as to make the parts indistinguishable: to throw into disorder: to perplex: to astonish.—p.adj. Confound′ed, confused: astonished: (coll.) consummate, egregious (a term of disapprobation).—advs. Confound′edly (coll.), hatefully, shamefully: cursedly; Confound′ingly, astonishingly.—Confound you, an execration or curse. [O. Fr. confondre—L. confundĕre, -fusum—con, together, fundĕre, to pour.]

Confraternity, kon-fra-tėr′ni-ti, n. a brotherhood: clan: brotherly friendship.

Confrère, kong-frār, n. a colleague: a fellow-member or associate. [Fr.,—L. con, together, frater, a brother.]

Confront, kon-frunt′, v.t. to stand in front of: to face: to oppose: to bring face to face: to compare.—n. Confrontā′tion, the bringing of people face to face. [Fr. confronter—Low L.,—L. con, together, and frons, the front. See Front.]

Confucian, kon-fū′shyan, adj. of or belonging to Confucius, the Chinese philosopher (551-479 B.C.).—ns. Confū′cianism; Confū′cianist.

Confuse, kon-fūz′, v.t. to pour or mix together so that things cannot be distinguished: to throw into disorder: to perplex.—v.i. to be confused.—adj. Confused′, perplexed: disordered.—adv. Confus′edly, in a confused manner: disorderly.—ns. Confus′edness, state of being confused: disorder; Confū′sion, the state of being confused: disorder: shame: overthrow: perplexity: embarrassment: turmoil.—adj. Confū′sive. [A doublet of Confound.]

Confute, kon-fūt′, v.t. to prove to be false: to refute: to put an end to.—adj. Confūt′able.—n. Confutā′tion.—adj. Confūt′ative, tending to confute.—n. Confute′ment. [L. confutāre—con, inten., and futis, a water-vessel, from fundĕre, to pour: to overthrow. See Futile.]

Congé. See Congee.

Congeal, kon-jēl′, v.t. to freeze: to change from fluid to solid by cold: to solidify, as by cold.—v.i. to pass from fluid to solid, as by cold: to stiffen: to coagulate.—adj. Congeal′able.—ns. Congeal′ableness; Congeal′ment, Congelā′tion, act or process of congealing: anything congealed. [L. congelāre, from con, and gelu, frost.]

Congee, kon′jē, Congé, kong′jā, n. a bow: dismissal: leave to depart.—v.i. to take leave: to bow.—Congé d'élire (Fr.), permission to elect: permission given by the crown to a dean and chapter to elect a bishop. [Fr. congé—L. commeatus, leave of absence—com, together, and meāre, to go.]

Congener, kon′je-nėr, or kon-jē′nėr, n. a person or thing of the same kind or nature.—adj. akin.—adjs. Congener′ic, -al, of the same genus, origin, or nature; Congen′erous, of the same nature or kind; Congenet′ic, alike in origin. [L.,—con, with, and genus, generis, kind.]

Congenial, kon-jē′ni-al, adj. of the same genius, spirit, or tastes: kindred, sympathetic: suitable.—n. Congenial′ity.—adv. Congē′nially. [L. con, with, and genialis, genial. See Genial.]

Congenital, kon-jen′i-tal, adj. begotten or born with, said of diseases or deformities dating from birth.—adv. Congen′itally. [L. congenitus, from con, together, gignĕre, genitum, to beget.]

Conger, kong′gėr, n. a marine bony fish in the eel family, 3 to 6 feet long—also Con′ger-eel: a company of co-operating booksellers. [L.,—Gr. gongros.]

Congeries, kon-jē′ri-ēz, n. a collection of particles or small bodies in one mass. [L.,—con, together, gerĕre, gestum, to bring.]

Congest, kon-jest′, v.t. to bring together, or heap up: to accumulate.—adjs. Congest′ed, affected with an unnatural accumulation of blood: overcrowded; Congest′ible.—n. Congest′ion, an accumulation of blood in any part of the body: fullness: an overcrowded condition.—adj. Congest′ive, indicating or tending to congestion. [L. congerĕre, congestum—con, together, and gerĕre, gestum, to bring.]

Congiary, kon′ji-ar-i, n. a gift to the Roman people or soldiery, originally in corn, oil, &c., each receiving a congius or gallon—afterwards given in money. [L. congiarium—congius, the Roman gallon.]

Conglobe, kon-glōb′, v.t. or v.i. to collect together into a globe or round mass:—pr.p. conglōb′ing; pa.p. conglōbed′.—adj. Conglob′ate, formed into a globe or ball.—v.t. to form into a globe or ball.—n. Conglobā′tion.—v.i. Conglob′ūlate, to gather into a globule or small globe. [L. con, together, and globāre, -ātum—globus, a ball, globe.]

Conglomerate, kon-glom′ėr-āt, adj. gathered into a clew or mass.—v.t. to gather into a ball.—n. a rock composed of pebbles cemented together.—n. Conglomerā′tion, state of being conglomerated: a collection of things. [L. conglomerāre, -ātum—con, together, and glomus, glomeris, a clew, akin to globus.]

Conglutinate, kon-glōō′tin-āt, v.t. to glue together: to heal by uniting.—v.i. to unite or grow together.—p.adj. Conglu′tinant.—n. Conglutinā′tion, a joining by means of some sticky substance: healing.—adj. Conglu′tinātive, having power to conglutinate.—n. Conglu′tinātor. [L. conglutināre, -ātum—con, together, and gluten, glue.]

Congou, kong′gōō, n. a kind of black tea.—Also Congo. [Chinese kung-fu, labour, referring to the labour expended in producing the tea.]

Congratulate, kon-grat′ū-lāt, v.t. to wish joy to on any fortunate event: to felicitate: to consider one's self fortunate in some matter.—adj. Congrat′ulant, expressing congratulation.—n. a congratulator.—ns. Congratulā′tion, act of congratulating: an expression of joy or sympathy; Congrat′ulator.—adj. Congrat′ulatory. [L. congratulāri, -ātus—con, inten., gratulāri—gratus, pleasing.]

Congree, kon-grē′, v.i. (Shak.) to agree together: to accord. [L. con, together, and Fr. gré, good-will—L. gratus, pleasing.]

Congreet, kon-grēt′, v.t. (Shak.) to salute mutually. [L. con, together, and Greet.]

Congregate, kong′gre-gāt, v.t. to gather together: to assemble.—v.i. to flock together.—p.adj. Congregat′ed, assembled: aggregated.—n. Congregā′tion, the act of congregating: an assemblage of persons or things: (O.T.) a name given to the children of Israel: a body of people united to worship in a particular church: the name given to the body of Protestant Reformers in Scotland in the time of Mary.—adj. Congregā′tional, pertaining to a congregation.—ns. Congregā′tionalism, a form of church government in which each congregation is independent in the management of its own affairs—also called Independency; Congregā′tionalist, adherent of Congregationalism. [L. congregāre, -ātum—con, together, and grex, gregis, a flock.]

Congress, kong′gres, n. a meeting together or assembly, as of ambassadors, &c., for political purposes: the federal legislature of the United States.—v.i. to meet in congress.—adj. Congres′sional.—n. Con′gressman, a member of congress. [L. con, together, and gradi, gressus, to step, to go.]

Congreve, kong′grēv, n. a rocket for use in war, invented by Sir William Congreve (1772-1828).—n. Con′greve-match, a kind of lucifer match, invented by Congreve.

Congrue, kong-grōō′, v.i. (Shak.) to agree.—ns. Cong′ruence, Cong′ruency, agreement: suitableness.—adj. Cong′ruent, agreeing: suitable: congruous: used of two numbers which, when divided by the same number, give the same remainder.—n. Congru′ity, agreement between things: consistency: fitness.—adj. Cong′ruous, suitable: fit: consistent.—adv. Cong′ruously.—n. Cong′ruousness. [L. congruĕre, to run together.]

Conia. See Conium.

Conic, -al; Conics. See Cone.

Coniferæ, kon-if′ėr-ē, n.pl. an order of exogenous plants, including pines, firs, &c., which bear cones, in which the seed is contained.—n. Con′ifer, one of the foregoing.—adj. Conif′erous, cone-bearing, as the fir, &c. [Cone, and L. ferre, to bear.]

Coniform. See Cone.

Conima, kon′i-ma, n. a fragrant resin for making pastilles.

Conine, kō′nin, n. an alkaloid forming the poisonous principle of hemlock.—Also Cō′nia, Cō′nicine. [Gr. kōneion, hemlock.]

Conirostral, kōn-i-ros′tral, adj. having a strong conical beak.—n.pl. Coniros′tres, a group of insessorial birds with such. [Cone, and L. rostralis—rostrum, a beak.]

Conject, kon-jekt′, v.i. (Shak.) to conjecture.

Conjecture, kon-jekt′ūr, n. a forecast: an opinion formed on slight or defective evidence: an opinion without proof: a guess: an idea.—v.t. to make conjectures regarding: to infer on slight evidence: to guess.—adjs. Conject′urable, that may be conjectured; Conject′ural, involving conjecture: given to conjecture.—adv. Conject′urally. [L. conjicĕre, conjectum, to throw together—con, together, and jacĕre, to throw.]

Conjee, Congee, kon′jē, n. water in which rice has been boiled, much used for invalids. [Anglo-Indian—Tamil kañji. Origin unknown.]

Conjoin, kon-join′, v.t. to join together: to combine.—v.i. to unite.—adjs. Conjoined′, united: in conjunction; Conjoint′, joined together: united.—adv. Conjoint′ly. [Fr. conjoindre—L. con, together, and jungĕre, junctum, to join. See Join.]

Conjugal, kon′joo-gal, adj. pertaining to marriage.—n. Conjugal′ity.—adv. Con′jugally. [L. conjugalis—conjux, one united to another, a husband or wife—con, and jugum, a yoke.]

Conjugate, kon′joo-gāt, v.t. (gram.) to give the various inflections or parts of a verb.—adj. joined: connected.—n. a word agreeing in derivation with another word.—adjs. Con′jugated, Conjugā′tional, Con′jugative, conjugate.—ns. Con′jugateness; Con′jugating; Conjugā′tion, the act of joining: union: (gram.) a term applied to a connected view or statement of the inflectional changes of form that a verb undergoes in its various relations: a class of verbs inflected in the same manner.—Conjugate axes, two axes in a conic section, such that each is parallel to the tangent at the extremity of the other; Conjugate foci (see Focus); Conjugate mirrors, two mirrors set face to face so that the rays emitted from the focus of one are first reflected from it to the and thence to its focus; Conjugation of cells, a mode of reproduction in which two apparently similar cells unite, as in Amœba, Diatoms, &c. [L. conjugāre, -ātum—con, together, and jugāre—jugum, a yoke.]

Conjunct, kon-junkt′, adj. conjoined: concurrent.—n. Conjunc′tion, connection, union: (gram.) a word that connects sentences, clauses, and words: one of the aspects of the planets, when two heavenly bodies have the same longitude—i.e. when the same perpendicular to the ecliptic passes through both.—adj. Conjunc′tional, relating to a conjunction.—adv. Conjunc′tionally.—adj. Conjunc′tive, closely united: serving to unite: connective: (gram.) introduced by a conjunction.—adv. Conjunc′tively.—n. Conjunc′tiveness.—adv. Conjunc′tly, conjointly: in union.—n. Conjunc′ture, combination of circumstances: important occasion, crisis.—Grand conjunctions, those where several planets or stars are found together. [L.,—conjungĕre. See Conjoin.]

Conjure, kun′jėr and kon-jōōr′ (con′jure, generally of the art of legerdemain, &c.; conjure′, of actions treated as religious or solemn), v.i. to practise magical arts: to make an invocation: (obs.) to conspire.—v.t. to call on or summon by a sacred name or in a solemn manner: to implore earnestly: to compel (a spirit) by incantations: to enchant: to raise up or frame needlessly; to effect by jugglery:—pr.p. con′juring; pa.p. con′jured.—ns. Conjurā′tion, act of summoning by a sacred name or solemnly: enchantment; Con′jurātor, a conspirator; Conjure′ment, adjuration; Con′jurer, -or, one who practises magic: an enchanter: (kon-jōō′ror) one bound by oath with others; Con′juring, magic-working: the production of effects apparently miraculous by natural means; Con′jury, magic. [Fr.,—L. con, together, and jurāre, to swear.]

Conk, kongk, n. the nose.—n. Conk′y (slang), a person with a large nose. [Mr F. Hindes Groome suggests that it may be back slang, conk being the illiterate spelling of the Gipsy knoc, nose.]

Connascent, kon-nas′ent, adj. born or produced at the same time.—ns. Connas′cence, Connas′cency. [L. con, with nasci, to be born.]

Connate, kon′āt, adj. born with one's self: innate: allied: congenial.—adj. Connat′ural, of the same nature with another.—v.t. Connat′uralise.—n. Connat′urality.—adv. Connat′urally.—ns. Connat′uralness; Connā′ture. [L. con, with, and nasci, natus, to be born.]

Conne, kon, v.t. (Spens.) form of Con, to know.

Connect, kon-ekt′, v.t. to tie or fasten together: to establish a relation between: to associate.—p.adj. Connect′ed, joined: united.—adv. Connect′edly, in a connected manner.—ns. Connect′er, -or, one who or that which connects.—adj. Connect′ible, capable of being connected.—ns. Connec′tion, Connex′ion, act of connecting: that which connects: a body or society held together by a bond: coherence: intercourse: context: relation: intimacy: a relative.—adjs. Connect′ive, Connex′ive (obs.), binding together.—n. a word that connects sentences and words.—adv. Connect′ively.—Connective tissue, one of the four sets of the commonest classification of animal tissues, including a great variety—e.g. bone, cartilage, ligaments, and enswathing membranes. [L. con, together, and nectĕre, to tie.]

Connictation, kon-ik-tā′shun, n. the act of winking. [L. con, and nictare, -ātum, to wink.]

Connive, kon-īv′, v.i. to wink at a fault: to take no notice: to have a private understanding.—ns. Conniv′ance, Conniv′ancy, Conniv′ence, Conniv′ency.—adj. Conniv′ent.—n. Conniv′er. [Fr.,—L. connivēre, to wink.]

Connoisseur, kon-es-sehr′, or kon-is-ūr′, n. one who knows a subject well; a critical judge in art, music, &c.—n. Connoisseur′ship, the skill of a connoisseur. [Fr. connoître—L. cognoscĕre, to know.]

Connote, kon-ōt′, v.t. to signify secondarily: to imply along with an object the inherent attributes: to include.—v.t. Con′notāte, to connote.—n. Connotā′tion, implication of something more than the denotation of an object: the aggregation of attributes connoted by a term.—adjs. Connot′ātive, Connō′tive. [L. con, with, and Note.]

Connubial, kon-ū′bi-al, adj. pertaining to marriage or to the marriage state: nuptial.—n. Connubial′ity.—adv. Connū′bially. [L. con, and nubĕre, to marry. See Nuptial.]

Connumerate, kon-nū′me-rāt, v.t. to count conjointly.—n. Connumerā′tion.

Connusance, kon′ū-sans, n. an obs. form of Cognisance.

Conoid, kōn′oid, n. anything like a cone in form.—adjs. Conoid′ic, -al, Con′oid, Conoid′al. [Gr. kōnos, a cone, eidos, form.]

Co-nominee, kō-nom-i-nē′, n. a joint-nominee.

Conquadrate, kon-kwod′rāt, v.t. to square with another.

Conquassate, kon-kwas′āt, v.t. to shake.

Conquer, kong′kėr, v.t. to gain by force or with an effort: to overcome or vanquish.—v.i. to be victor.—adj. Con′querable, that may be conquered.—n. Con′querableness.—adj. Con′quering, victorious.—adv. Con′queringly.—ns. Con′queror, one who conquers: a victor:—fem. Con′queress; Con′quest, the act of conquering: that which is conquered or acquired by physical or moral force: the act of gaining the affections of another.—Make a conquest, to conquer.—The Conqueror, William I. of England (L. Conques′tor); The Conquest, the acquisition of the throne of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066. [O. Fr. conquerre—L. conquirĕre,—con, inten., quærĕre, to seek.]

Conquistador, kong-kwis′ta-dōr, n. a conqueror, applied to the conquerors of Mexico and Peru. [Sp.,—L. conquirĕre. See Conquer.]

Consanguine, kon-sang′gwin, adj. related by blood: of the same family or descent—also Consanguin′eous.—n. Consanguin′ity, relationship by blood: opposed to affinity or relationship by marriage. [L. consanguineus—con, with, sanguis, blood.]

Conscience, kon′shens, n. the knowledge of our own acts and feelings as right or wrong: sense of duty: scrupulousness: (Shak.) understanding: the faculty or principle by which we distinguish right from wrong.—adjs. Con′science-proof, unvisited by any compunctions of conscience; Con′science-smit′ten, stung by conscience; Conscien′tious, regulated by a regard to conscience: scrupulous.—adv. Conscien′tiously.—n. Conscien′tiousness.—adj. Con′scionable, governed or regulated by conscience.—n. Con′scionableness.—adv. Con′scionably.—Conscience clause, a clause in a law, affecting religious matters, to relieve persons of conscientious scruples, esp. one to prevent their children being compelled to undergo particular religious instruction; Conscience money, money given to relieve the conscience, by discharging a claim previously evaded; Case of conscience, a question in casuistry.—Good, or Bad, conscience, an approving or reproving conscience.—In all conscience, certainly: (coll.) by all that is right and fair.—Make a matter of conscience, to act according to conscience: to have scruples about.—My conscience! a vulgar exclamation of astonishment, or an asseveration.—Speak one's conscience (Shak.), to speak frankly: to give one's opinion. [Fr.,—L. conscientia, knowledge—conscīre, to know well—con, and scīre, to know.]

Conscious, kon′shus, adj. having the feeling or internal knowledge of something: aware: having the faculty of consciousness.—adv. Con′sciously.—n. Con′sciousness, the waking state of the mind: the knowledge which the mind has of its own acts and feelings: thought. [L. conscius—conscīre, to know.]

Conscribe, kon-′skrīb′, v.t. to enlist by conscription.—adj. Con′script, enrolled, registered.—n. one enrolled and liable to serve as a soldier or sailor.—v.t. to enlist.—n. Conscrip′tion, a compulsory enrolment for naval or military service: the obtaining recruits by compulsion.—adj. Conscrip′tional.—Conscript fathers (patres conscripti), the senators of ancient Rome. [L. conscribĕre, to enrol—con, together, scribĕre, to write.]

Consecrate, kon′se-krāt, v.t. to set apart for a holy use: to render holy or venerable; to hallow; to devote.—adj. consecrated: devoted: sanctified.—ns. Con′secratedness; Consecrā′tion, the act of devoting to a sacred use; Con′secrator.—adj. Con′secratory, making sacred. [L. consecrāre, -ātum, to make wholly sacred—con, and sacrāre, to set apart as sacred—sacer, sacred.]

Consectaneous, kon-sek-tā′nē-us, adj. following as a natural consequence.

Consectary, kon-sek′ta-ri, n. a deduction, corollary. [L. consectāri, freq. of consequi. See Consecution.]

Consecution, kon-se-kū′shun, n. a train of consequences or deductions: a series of things that follow one another: (mus.) succession of similar intervals in harmony.—adj. Consec′utive, following in regular order: succeeding or resulting.—adv. Consec′utively—n. Consec′utiveness. [L. consequi—con, and sequi, secutus, to follow.]

Consenescence, kon-sē-nes′ens, n. the state of growing old.—Also Consenes′cency.

Consensus, kon-sen′sus, n. agreement of various parts: agreement in opinion: unanimity.—n. Consen′sion, mutual consent.—adj. Consen′sual, relating to consent.—adv. Consen′sually.—Consensual contract, a contract requiring merely the consent of the parties. [L. consentīre. See Consent.]

Consent, kon-sent′, v.i. to be of the same mind: to agree: to give assent: to yield: to comply.—v.t. (Milt.) to allow.—n. agreement: accordance with the actions or opinions of another: concurrence: advice, counsel.—adj. Consentā′neous, agreeable or accordant: consistent with.—adv. Consentā′neously—ns. Consentā′neousness, Consentanē′ity.—n. Consen′tience, state of being consentient: imperfect consciousness.—adj. Consen′tient, agreeing in mind or in opinion.—adv. Consent′ingly.—Age of consent, the age at which a person is considered in the eyes of the law competent to give consent to certain acts; Be of consent (Shak.), to be accessory; With one consent, unanimously. [L. consentīre—con, with, sentīre, to feel, to think.]

Consequence, kon′se-kwens, n. that which follows or comes after as a result: effect: influence: importance: (pl.) a round game describing the meeting of a lady and gentleman and its consequences, each player in turn writing a part of the story, not knowing what the others have written.—v.i. (Milt.) to draw inferences.—adj. Con′sequent, following as a natural effect or deduction.—n. that which follows: the natural effect of a cause.—adj. Consequen′tial, following as a result: casual: pompous.—advs. Consequen′tially; Con′sequently. [Fr.,—L. consequi—con, together, and sequi, to follow.]

Consertion, kon-ser′shun, n. junction, adaptation.

Conserve, kon-sėrv′, v.t. to keep entire: to retain: to preserve: (obs.) to preserve in sugar.—n. something preserved, as fruits in sugar.—adj. Conser′vable.—n. Conser′vancy, a court having authority to preserve the fisheries, &c., on a river: the act of preserving.—p.adj. Conser′vant.—n. Conservā′tion, the act of conserving: the keeping entire.—adj. Conservā′tional.—n. Conser′vatism, the opinions and principles of a Conservative.—adj. Conser′vative, tending or having power to conserve.—n. (politics) one who desires to preserve the institutions of his country against innovation and change: one averse to change and progress.—ns. Conser′vativeness; Conservatoire (kon-ser-va-twär′), Conservatō′rium, a name given by the Italians to schools instituted for the purpose of advancing the study of music and maintaining its purity; Con′servātor, one who preserves from injury or violation: a guardian, custodian:—fem. Conser′vatrix; Conser′vatorship; Conser′vatory, a storehouse: a greenhouse or place in which exotic plants are kept: a school of music.—adj. preservative.—n. Conser′ver.—Conservation of energy, the law that the total amount of energy in a material system cannot be varied, provided the system neither parts with energy to other bodies nor receives it from them; Conservation of matter, the experimentally ascertained fact that no process at the command of man can either destroy or create even a single particle of matter.—Conservators of the peace, a title usually applied to knights elected in each shire, from the 12th century onwards, for the conservation of the peace. [L. conservāre—con, together, and servāre, to keep.]

Consider, kon-sid′ėr, v.t. to look at closely or carefully: to think or deliberate on: to take into account: to attend to: to reward.—v.i. to think seriously or carefully: to deliberate.—adj. Consid′erable, worthy of being considered: important: more than a little.—n. Consid′erableness.—adv. Consid′erably.—n. Consid′erance (Shak.), consideration.—adjs. Consid′erāte, Consid′erative (obs.), thoughtful: serious: prudent: thoughtful for the feelings of others.—adv. Consid′erately.—ns. Consid′erateness, thoughtfulness for others; Considerā′tion, deliberation: importance: motive or reason: compensation, reward: the reason or basis of a compact: (law) the thing given or done or abstained from by agreement with another, and in view of that other giving, doing, or abstaining from something.—prep. Consid′ering, in view of: seeing that.—adv. Consid′eringly, with consideration. [Fr.—L. considerāre, supposed to have been orig. a term of augury—con, and sidus, sideris, a star.]

Consign, kon-sīn′, v.t. to give to another: to sign or seal: to transfer: to entrust: to commit: to transmit for sale or custody.—adj. Consign′able.—ns. Consignā′tion; Consig′natory, one who signs a document jointly.—adj. Consigned′, given in trust.—ns. Consig′nature, complete signature: joint signing; Consignee′, one to whom anything is consigned or entrusted; Consign′er, Consign′or; Consign′ment, the act of consigning: the thing consigned: the writing by which anything is made over: in Mercantile Law, goods placed in the hands of an agent or factor for sale, or for some other specified purpose. [Fr.,—L. consignāre, to attest.]

Consignify, kon-sig′ni-fī, v.t. to signify or indicate in connection with something else.—n. Consignificā′-tion.—adj. Consignif′icative.

Consilience, kon-sil′i-ens, n. concurrence: coincidence.—adj. Consil′ient, agreeing. [L. con, together, and salīre, to leap.]

Consimilar, kon-sim′i-lar, adj. like each other.—ns. Consimil′itude, Consimil′ity. [L. consimilis.]

Consist, kon-sist′, v.i. to exist, subsist: to co-exist: to agree.—ns. Consist′ence, Consist′ency, a degree of density: substance: agreement: the quality of being self-consistent.—adj. Consistent, fixed: not fluid: agreeing together: uniform in thought or action.—adv. Consist′ently.—adjs. Consistō′rial, Consistō′rian.—n. Consist′ory, properly a place of assembly: the particular place where the privy-council of the Roman emperor met, the council itself: an assembly or council: a spiritual or ecclesiastical court in the R.C. Church, consisting of the pope and cardinals, and determining all such matters as the appointment of cardinals, bishops, &c.; in the Lutheran Church, exercising a supervision over religion and education, over the clergy, schoolmasters, and theological candidates; in the Reformed Church, the kirk-session, or the presbytery.—Consist in, to lie in: to depend upon: to be composed of; Consist of, to be made up of. [L. consistĕre—con, together, sistĕre, to stand.]

Consociate, kon-sō′shi-āt, v.t. and v.i. to associate together.—p.adj. Consō′ciated.—n. Consociā′tion, companionship (with): association: alliance. [L. consociāre, -ātum—con, with, sociāre, to associate—socius, a companion.]

Console, kon-sōl′, v.t. to give solace or comfort: to cheer in distress.—adj. Consol′able, that may be comforted.—v.t. Con′solate (Shak.), to console.—ns. Consolā′tion, solace: alleviation of misery: a comforting circumstance; Consolā′tion-match, -race, &c., a race, &c., in which only those who have been previously unsuccessful may compete.—adj. Consol′atory.—n. Con′soler:—fem. Con′-solātrix. [L. con, inten., and solāri, to comfort.]

Console, kon′sōl, n. (archit.) a projection resembling a bracket, frequently in the form of the letter S, used to support cornices, or for placing busts, vases, or figures on: the key-desk of an organ.—n. Con′sole-ta′ble, a table having one of its sides supported against a wall by consoles or brackets. [Fr. console; prob. conn. with Consolidate.]

Consolidate, kon-sol′i-dāt, v.t. to make solid: to form into a compact mass: to unite into one.—v.i. to grow solid or firm: to unite.—adj. made firm or solid: united.—p.adj. Consol′idated.—n. Consolidā′tion, act of making or becoming solid: confirmation.—adj. Consol′idative, tending to consolidate: having the quality of healing.—n. Consol′idator, one who or that which consolidates.—Consolidation Acts, acts of parliament which combine into one general statute several special enactments. [L. consolidāre, -ātum—con, inten., and solidus, solid.]

Consols, kon′solz, n.pl. (short for Consolidated Annuities) that part of the British national debt which consists of several stocks consolidated into one fund.

Consommé, kon-so-mā′, n. a kind of soup made from meat by slow boiling. [Fr.,—L. consummāre, to consummate.]

Consonant, kon′son-ant, adj. consistent: suitable: harmonious.—n. an articulation which can be sounded only with a vowel: a letter of the alphabet other than a vowel.—ns. Con′sonance, a state of agreement: agreement or unison of sounds: (mus.) a combination of notes which can sound together without the harshness produced by beats: concord; Con′sonancy, harmony.—adj. Consonant′al.—adv. Con′sonantly.—adj. Con′sonous, harmonious. [L. consonans, -antis, pr.p. of consonāre, to harmonise—con, with, and sonāre, to sound.]

Consort, kon′sort, n. a partner: a companion: a wife or husband: an accompanying ship: (obs.) a number of people: an orchestra: former spelling for concert.—v.t. Consort′ (Shak.), to accompany: to associate (with).—v.i. to associate or keep company: to agree.—p.adj. Consort′ed, associated.—n. Con′sortship.—In consort, in company: in harmony. [L. consors, from con, with, and sors, sortis, a lot.]

Conspecies, kon-spē′shēz, n. (zool.) a subspecies or variety.—adj. Conspecif′ic.

Conspectus, kon-spek′tus, n. a comprehensive survey: a synopsis.—n. Conspectū′ity (Shak.), sight: the eye. [L. conspectus—conspicĕre, to look at.]

Conspicuous, kon-spik′ū-us, adj. clearly seen: visible to eye or mind: prominent.—ns. Conspicū′ity, Conspic′uousness.—adv. Conspic′uously. [L. conspicuus—conspicĕre—con, inten., spicĕre, to look.]

Conspire, kon-spīr′, v.i. to plot or scheme together: to agree: to concur to one end.—v.t. to plan, devise.—n. Conspir′acy, the act of conspiring: a banding together for an evil purpose: a plot: concurrence.—adj. Conspir′ant, conspiring.—ns. Conspirā′tion, conspiracy; Conspir′ator, one who conspires:—fem. Conspir′atress.—adj. Conspiratō′rial.—n. Conspir′er (Shak.), conspirator.—adv. Conspir′ingly. [L. conspirāre—con, together, spirāre, to breathe.]

Conspissate, kon-spis′āt, v.t. to inspissate.—n. Conspissā′tion.

Conspurcation, kon-spur-kā′shun, n. (obs.) defilement. [L. conspurcāre, -ātum, to defile.]

Constable, kun′sta-bl, n. formerly a state-officer of the highest rank: the warden of a castle: a peace-officer: a policeman.—ns. Con′stablery, the charge of a constable; Con′stableship; Con′stablewick, the district of a constable; Con′stabling, acting as a constable or policeman; Constab′ulary, the body of constables of a district, town, &c.—adj. of or pertaining to constables, or peace-officers.—Constable of France, chief of the household under the old French kings, then commander-in-chief of the army, judge in questions of chivalry, tournaments, and martial displays.—High Constable, one of two constables ordained in every hundred or franchise, to make the view of armour, and to see to the conservation of the peace; High Constable of Scotland, the first subject in Scotland after the blood-royal; Lord High Constable of England, the seventh great officer of the crown, and formerly a judge in the court of chivalry.—Outrun the constable, to go too fast: to get into debt.—Special constable, a person sworn in by the justices to preserve the peace, or to execute warrants on special occasions. [O. Fr. conestable (Fr. connétable)—L. comes stabuli, count of the stabulum, stable.]

Constant, kon′stant, adj. fixed: unchangeable: firm: continual: faithful.—n. (math.) a term or quantity which does not vary throughout a given investigation: that which remains unchanged.—n. Con′stancy, fixedness: unchangeableness: faithfulness: (Shak.) perseverance: (Shak.) certainty.—adv. Con′stantly. [L. constans, -antis, from constāre, to stand firm—con, inten., stāre, to stand.]

Constantia, kon-stan′shi-a, n. a wine produced around Constantia in Cape Colony.

Constantinian, kon-stan-tin′yan, adj. pertaining to the Roman emperor, Constantine the Great (A.D. 274-337).

Constantinopolitan, kon-stan′ti-no-pol′it-an, adj. of or pertaining to Constantinople.

Constat, kon′stat, n. a certificate of what appears (constat) on record touching a matter given by the auditors of the Exchequer: an attested copy of the enrolment of letters patent.

Constellate, kon′stel-āt, or kon-stel′āt, v.t. to cluster.—v.i. to be fated, according to the position of the stars: to cluster together.—n. Constellā′tion, a group of stars: an assemblage of persons distinguished in some way: (astrol.) a particular disposition of the planets, supposed to influence the course of human life or character.—adj. Constel′latory. [L. constellatus, studded with stars—con, with, stellāre—stella, a star.]

Consternate, kon′ster-nāt, v.t. to fill with dismay.—n. Consternā′tion, terror which throws into confusion: astonishment: dismay. [L. consternāre, -ātum, from con, wholly, sternĕre, to strew.]

Constipate, kon′stip-āt, v.t. to stop up: to make costive: (obs.) to press together.—n. Constipā′tion, costiveness, an irregular and insufficient action of the bowels. [L. con, together, stipāre, -ātum, to pack.]

Constitute, kon′stit-ūt, v.t. to set up: to establish: to form or compose: to appoint: to determine.—n. Constit′uency, the whole body of voters for a member of parliament.—adj. Constit′uent, constituting or forming: essential: elemental: component.—n. an essential or elemental part: one of those who elect a representative, esp. in parliament.—n. Constitū′tion, the act of constituting: the natural condition of body or mind: disposition: a system of laws and customs established by the sovereign power of a state for its own guidance: the established form of government: a particular law or usage.—adj. Constitū′tional, inherent in the natural frame: natural: agreeable to the constitution or frame of government: essential: legal: of a sovereign who rules subject to fixed laws.—n. a walk for the sake of one's health.—v.t. Constitū′tionalise, to make constitutional.—ns. Constitū′tionalism, adherence to the principles of the constitution; Constitū′tionalist, Constitū′tionist, one who favours the constitution; Constitutional′ity, the state or quality of being constitutional.—adv. Constitū′tionally.—adj. Con′stitutive, that constitutes or establishes: having power to enact, &c.: essential. [L. constituĕre, constitutum, from con, together, and statuĕre, to make to stand, to place.]

Constrain, kon-strān′, v.t. to urge with irresistible power: to force, compel: to distress: to confine: to limit: to cause constraint.—adj. Constrain′able.—p.adj. Constrained′, forced, compelled: embarrassed.—adv. Constrain′edly.—n. Constraint′, irresistible force: compulsion: confinement: repression of one's feelings: embarrassment. [O. Fr. constraindre—L. constringĕre—con, together, stringĕre, to press. See Strain.]

Constrict, kon-strikt′, v.t. to press together: to contract: to cramp.—p.adj. Constrict′ed, narrowed: cramped: (bot.) contracted or tightened, so as to be smaller in some parts than in others.—n. Constric′tion, a pressing together: contraction: tightness.—adj. Constrict′ive.—n. Constrict′or, that which constricts or draws together: a large serpent which crushes its prey in its folds—the Boa-constrictor (q.v.). [L. constringĕre, constrictum.]

Constringe, kon-strinj′, v.t. to draw together: to cause to contract.—v.i. to contract.—n. Constrin′gency.—adj. Constrin′gent, having the quality of contracting. [L. constringĕre.]

Construct, kon-strukt′, v.t. to build up: to compile: to put together the parts of a thing: to make: to compose.—adj. constructed.—adjs. Construct′able, Construct′ible, able to be constructed.—ns. Construct′er, Construct′or; Construc′tion, the act of constructing: anything piled together, building: manner of forming: (gram.) the arrangement of words in a sentence: interpretation: meaning.—adjs. Construc′tional, pertaining to construction; Construct′ive, capable of constructing: not direct or expressed, but inferred.—adv. Construct′ively.—ns. Construct′iveness, the faculty of constructing; Construct′ure.—Construct state, in Hebrew and other Semitic languages, the state of a noun depending on another noun, which in Aryan languages would be in the genitive case—e.g. House of God—house being in the construct state.—Bear a construction, to allow of a particular interpretation. [L. construĕre, -structum—con, struĕre, to build.]

Construe, kon′strōō, or kon-strōō′, v.t. to exhibit the arrangement in another language: to translate: to explain: to interpret: to infer.—v.i. to admit of grammatical analysis.—Con′ster, an old form. [L. construĕre, constructum, to pile together.]

Constuprate, kon′stū-prāt, v.t. (obs.) to deflower.—n. Constuprā′tion.

Consubsist, kon-sub-sist′, v.i. to subsist together.

Consubstantial, kon-sub-stan′shal, adj. of the same substance, nature, or essence, esp. of the Trinity.—ns. Consubstan′tialism, the doctrine of consubstantiation; Consubstan′tialist, one who believes in consubstantiation; Consubstantial′ity.—adv. Consubstan′tially, with sameness of substance.—v.t. Consubstan′tiāte, to unite in one common substance or nature.—v.i. to become so united.—adj. united in one common substance.—ns. Consubstantiā′tion (theol.), the Lutheran doctrine of the actual, substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ co-existing in and with the bread and wine used at the Lord's Supper; Consubstantiā′tionist. [L. con, with, and Substantial.]

Consuetude, kon′swe-tūd, n. custom: familiarity.—adj. Consuetū′dinary, customary.—n. an unwritten law established by usage, derived by immemorial custom from antiquity: a ritual of customary devotions. [L. consuetudo, custom.]

Consul, kon′sul, n. one of the two chief-magistrates in the Roman republic: one commissioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent for, or representative of, a government.—n. Con′sulage, duty paid to a consul for protection of goods.—adj. Con′sular, pertaining to a consul.—n. a man of consular rank.—ns. Con′sulate, the office, residence, or jurisdiction of a consul; Con′sulship, the office, or term of office, of a consul. [L.]

Consult, kon-sult′, v.t. to ask advice of: to decide or act in favour of: to look up to for information or advice: to discuss: to consider: to take measures for the advantage of any one.—v.i. to consider in company: to take counsel.—n. (kon-sult′, or kon′sult) the act of consulting: a meeting for consultation: a council: a meeting for conspiracy or intrigue.—ns. Consul′ta, a meeting of council; Consultā′tion, deliberation, or a meeting for such, esp. of physicians or lawyers.—adj. Consult′ative, of or pertaining to consultation, esp. of bodies taking part in a consultation without voting on the decision.—ns. Consultee′, the person consulted; Consult′er, one who consults.—adjs. Consult′ing, of a physician or lawyer who gives advice; Consult′ive, pertaining to consultation; Consult′ory, Consult′atory. [L. consult-āre, inten. of consul-ĕre, to consult.]

Consume, kon-sūm′, v.t. to destroy by wasting, fire, evaporation, &c.: to use up: to devour: to waste or spend: to exhaust.—v.i. to waste away.—adj. Consum′able.—adv. Consum′edly, exceedingly—originally a fantastic variant of confoundedly, and prob. influenced in meaning by consummately.—ns. Consum′er, as opposed to producer, he who uses an article produced; Consum′ing, wasting or destroying. [L. consum-ĕre, to destroy—con, sig. completeness, sum-ĕre, sumptum, to take.]

Consummate, kon′sum-āt, or kon-sum′āt, v.t. to raise to the highest point: to perfect or finish: to make marriage legally complete by sexual intercourse.—adj. complete, supreme, perfect of its kind.—adv. Consumm′ately, perfectly.—n. Consummā′tion, act of completing: perfection: conclusion of life or of the universe: the subsequent intercourse which makes a marriage legally valid.—adj. Consumm′ative.—n. Con′summator.—adj. Consumm′atory. [L. consummare, to perfect—con, with, and summus, highest, perfect.]

Consumption, kon-sum′shun, n. the act of using up or consuming—the converse of production—also Consumpt′; pulmonary consumption, a more or less rapidly advancing process of lung destruction, with progressive emaciation—phthisis, tuberculosis.—adj. Consump′tive, wasting away: inclined to the disease consumption.—adv. Consump′tively.—ns. Consump′tiveness, a tendency to consumption; Consumptiv′ity. [See Consume.]

Consute, kon′sūt, adj. (entom.) marked as if with stitches, as the wing-covers of some beetles.—adj. Consū′tile (obs.), stitched together. [L. consuĕre, -sutum, to sew together.]

Contabescent, kon-tab-es′ent, adj. wasting away, atrophied.—n. Contabes′cence. [L. contabescentem—contabescĕre, to waste away.]

Contabulate, kon-tab′ū-lāt, v.t. to floor with boards.—n. Contabulā′tion. [L., con, with, tabula, a board.]

Contact, kon′takt, n. touching or close union: meeting: (math.) coincidence, as of two curves, in two or more successive points.—adj. Contact′ual, pertaining to contact.—Be in contact (with), to be touching anything; Make contact, to complete an electrical current. [L. conting-ĕre, contactum, to touch—con, wholly, tangĕre, to touch.]

Contadina, kon-ta-dē′na, n. an Italian peasant woman:—pl. Contadi′ne (-ne), Contadi′nas. [It.]

Contagion, kon-tā′jun, n. transmission of a disease from the sick to the healthy, either by direct contact of a part affected with the disease, or through the medium of the excretions or exhalations of the body.—n. Contā′gionist, one who believes that certain diseases are contagious.—adj. Contā′gious, that may be communicated by contact.—adv. Contā′giously.—ns. Contā′giousness; Contā′gium, the supposed morbific matter by means of which disease spreads.—Contagious Diseases Acts, a series of laws passed in 1865 and succeeding years for the better regulation of prostitutes in certain seaport and military towns. [L. contagion-em—con, together, tangĕre, to touch.]

Contain, kon-tān′, v.t. to comprise, to include: (B.) to restrain, esp. the sexual appetite.—adj. Contain′able, that may be contained.—ns. Contain′ant, Contain′er. [Through Fr. from L. continēre—con, together, tenēre, to hold.]

Contaminate, kon-tam′i-nāt, v.t. to defile by touching or mixing with: to pollute: to corrupt: to infect.—adj. Contam′inable.—n. Contaminā′tion, pollution.—adj. Contam′inative. [L. contamināre, -ātum—contamen (for contagmen), pollution. See Contact.]

Contango, kon-tang′go, n. a percentage paid by the buyer to the seller of stock for keeping back its delivery to the next settling-day, continuation—opp. to Backwardation. [From Continue.]

Conteck, kon′tek, n. (Spens.). Same as Contest. [O. Fr. contek, prob. conn. with contekier, to touch.]

Contemn, kon-tem′, v.t. to despise: to neglect, to disregard.—n. Contem′ner. [Fr.,—L. contemnĕre, -temptum, to value little—con, inten., temnĕre, to slight.]

Contemper, kon-temp′ėr, v.t. to blend together, to qualify by mixture: to adapt to anything.—ns. Contemperā′tion (obs.), Contem′perature. [L. contemperāre.]

Contemplate, kon′tem-plāt, or kon-tem′plāt, v.t. to consider or look at attentively: to meditate on or study: to intend.—v.i. to think seriously: to meditate (with on, upon).—adj. Contemp′lable.—ns. Contem′plant, Contemp′latist; Contemplā′tion, continued study of a particular subject: a meditation written, or a subject for such.—adj. and n. Contem′plative, given to contemplation.—adv. Contem′platively.—ns. Contem′plativeness; Con′templātor, one who contemplates: a student. [L. contemplāri, -ātus, to mark out carefully a templum or place for auguries—con, sig. completeness, and templum. See Consider and Temple.]

Contemporaneous, kon-tem-po-rā′ne-us, adj. living, happening, or being at the same time.—n. Contemporanē′ity (geol.), does not imply that two systems were precisely synchronous, but merely that each occupies the same relative position in the succession of systems.—adv. Contemporā′neously.—ns. Contemporā′neousness; Contem′porariness.—adj. Contem′porary, contemporaneous, occupying the same period (with).—n. one who lives at the same time: a rival newspaper or magazine.—v.t. Contem′porise, to make contemporary in mind. [L. con, together, and temporaneus—tempus, time.]

Contempt, kon-tempt′, n. scorn: disgrace: (law) disregard of the rules or an offence against the dignity of a court (with of, for).—ns. Contemptibil′ity, Contempt′ibleness.—adj. Contempt′ible, despicable.—adv. Contempt′ibly.—adj. Contempt′uous, haughty, scornful.—adv. Contempt′uously.—n. Contempt′uousness. [See Contemn.]

Contend, kon-tend′, v.i. to strive: to struggle in emulation or in opposition: to dispute or debate (with against, for, with, about): to urge one's course.—ns. Contend′ent, Contend′er, one who contends.—p.adj. Contend′ing, striving.—n. Conten′tion, a violent straining after any object: strife: debate.—adj. Conten′tious, quarrelsome.—adv. Conten′tiously.—n. Conten′tiousness. [L. contendĕre, -tentum—con, with, tendĕre, to stretch.]

Contenement, kon-ten′ē-ment, n. land connected with a tenement.

Content, kon-tent′, or kon′tent, n. that which is contained: the capacity or extent of anything: the substance: (pl.) the things contained: the list of subjects treated of in a book. [See Contain.]

Content, kon-tent′, adj. having the desires limited by present enjoyment: satisfied.—n. satisfaction—often 'heart's content.'—interj. = I am content, agreed!—the formula of assent in the House of Lords.—v.t. to make content: to satisfy the mind: to make quiet: to please.—n. Contentā′tion (obs.).—adj. Content′ed, content.—adv. Content′edly.—ns. Content′edness, Content′ment.—adj. Content′less, without content: discontented. [Fr.,—L. contentus, contained, hence satisfied—con, and tenēre, to hold.]

Conterminous, kon-tėr′min-us, adj. having a common boundary: coincident with: co-extensive with in time, substance, &c.—Also Conter′minable, Conter′minal, Conter′minant, Conter′minate. [L. conterminus, neighbouring—con, together, and terminus, a boundary.]

Contest, kon-test′, v.t. to call in question or make the subject of dispute: to strive for.—n. Con′test, a struggle for superiority: strife: debate.—adj. Contest′able.—ns. Contest′ant, one who contests; Contestā′tion, the act of contesting: contest: strife: emulation.—p.adj. Contest′ed.—adv. Contest′ingly, by contest.—Contested election, an election for a member of parliament or the like, where more than one competitor offer themselves. [Fr.,—L. contestāri, to call to witness—con, and testāri, to be a witness—testis, a witness.]

Context, kon′tekst, n. the parts of a discourse or treatise which precede and follow a special passage and fix its true meaning.—adj. Context′ual—adv. Context′ually.—n. Context′ure, the interweaving of parts into a whole: the structure or system of anything: any interwoven fabric: the composition of a writing.—v.t. (Carlyle) to weave. [L. contextus, contexĕre—con, together, texĕre, textum, to weave.]

Conticent, kon′tis-ent, adj. (Thackeray) silent. [L. conticent-em, con, and tacēre, to be silent.]

Contignation, kon-tig-nā′shun, n. joining together: any structure so joined: a framework or stage. [L. contignation-em—contignāre—con, tignum, wood.]

Contiguous, kon-tig′ū-us, adj. touching, adjoining: near.—ns. Contigū′ity, Contig′uousness.—adv. Contig′uously. [L. contiguus—contingĕre, to touch on all sides—con, wholly, tangĕre, to touch.]

Continent, kon′ti-nent, n. a large extent of land not broken up by seas: the mainland of Europe: one of the great divisions of the land surface of the globe.—adj. restraining the indulgence of pleasure, esp. sexual: temperate: virtuous.—ns. Con′tinence, Con′tinency, the restraint imposed by a person upon his desires and passions: self-restraint in sexual indulgence, often absolute: chastity.—adj. Continent′al, characteristic of a continent, as of climate, &c.: pertaining to the European continent, or to the colonies of North America at the period of independence.—n. Continent′alism, anything peculiar to the usage of the Continent.—adv. Con′tinently.—Continental system, the name given to Napoleon's plan for shutting out England from all commercial connection with Europe. [L. continentem—continēre, to contain—con, together, tenĕre, to hold.]

Contingent, kon-tin′jent, adj. dependent on something else: liable but not certain to happen: accidental.—n. an event which is liable but not certain to occur: a share or proportion, esp. of soldiers.—ns. Contin′gence, Contin′gency.—adv. Contin′gently. [L. contingent-em—con, tangĕre, to touch.]

Continue, kon-tin′ū, v.t. to draw out or prolong: to extend or increase in any way: to unite without break: to persist in.—v.i. to remain in the same place or state: to last or endure: to persevere.—adjs. Contin′uable, that may be continued; Contin′ual, without interruption: unceasing.—adv. Contin′ually.—n. Contin′uance, duration: uninterrupted succession: stay.—adjs. Contin′uant; Contin′uāte, close united: (Shak.) unbroken.—ns. Continuā′tion, constant succession: extension; Continuā′tion-day, the same as Contango-day, that on which contangoes are fixed.—adj. Contin′uātive, continuing.—n. Contin′uātor, one who continues or keeps up a series or succession.—adj. Contin′ued, uninterrupted: unceasing: extended.—adv. Contin′uedly.—ns. Contin′uedness; Contin′uer, one who continues, or has the power of persevering; Continū′ity, state of being continuous: uninterrupted connection.—adj. Contin′uous, joined together without interruption.—adv. Contin′uously.—ns. Contin′uousness; Contin′ūum, a continuous thing:—pl. Contin′ua. [Fr.,—L. continuāre—continuus, joined, connected, from continēre.]

Contline, kont′līn, n. in the stowage of casks the space between them: the spiral intervals formed between the strands of a rope, by their being twisted together. [Prob. cant.]

Conto, kont′o, n. a Portuguese money of account, a million reis = £220.

Contorniate, kon-tor′ni-āt, n. a coin or medal with a deep groove round the disc.—adj. having this.

Contorno, kon-tor′no, n. contour or outline. [It.]

Contort, kon-tort′, v.t. to twist or turn violently: to writhe.—adj. Contort′ed, twisted: folded or twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants.—ns. Contor′tion, a violent twisting; Contor′tionist, a gymnast who practises contorted postures: one who twists words and phrases.—adj. Contort′ive, expressing contortion. [L. con, inten., and torquēre, tortum, to twist.]

Contour, kon′tōōr, or kon-tōōr′, n. the outline: the line which bounds the figure of any object.—v.t. to mark with contour lines.—Contour lines, lines drawn in a map through points all at the same height above sea-level—usually on the British Ordnance Survey maps at intervals of 50 feet. [Fr. con, and tour, a turning—L. tornus—Gr. tornos, a lathe.]

Contra, kon′tra, adv. and prep. against, opposite: in front of: to the contrary: a doublet of Counter- (mus.), signifying an octave lower than the typical form, as in contrabass, &c. See Appendix.

Contraband, kon′tra-band, adj. contrary to law: prohibited.—n. illegal traffic: prohibition: prohibited goods.—ns. Con′trabandism, trafficking in contraband goods; Con′trabandist, a smuggler.—Contraband of war, a name applied to certain commodities, as military stores, and even coal in an age of war steamers, not to be supplied by neutral to belligerent powers. [Sp. contrabanda—It. contrabbando—L. contra, against, L. L. bandum, ban.]

Contrabass, kon′tra-bās, n. the double-bass viol, giving the lower octave to the bass in the orchestra.—adj. applied to other instruments taking a similar part.—Also Contrabas′so and Count′erbase.

Contract, kon-trakt′, v.t. to draw together: to lessen: to shorten: to acquire: to incur: to bargain for: to betroth.—v.i. to shrink: to become less.—n. Con′tract, an agreement on fixed terms: a bond: a betrothment: the writing containing an agreement.—adj. Contract′ed, drawn together: narrow: mean.—adv. Contract′edly.—ns. Contract′edness; Contractibil′ity, Contract′ibleness.—adjs. Contract′ible, capable of being contracted; Contract′ile, tending or having power to contract.—ns. Contractil′ity; Contrac′tion, act of contracting: a word shortened by rejecting a part of it: a symbol for shortening in palæography, &c.—adj. Contract′ive, tending to contract.—n. Contract′or, one of the parties to a bargain or agreement: one who engages to execute work or furnish supplies at a fixed rate.—adj. Contract′ual.—Contract one's self out of, to get rid of some general obligation by making a special contract; Contract work, work done for a fixed sum estimated beforehand and paid down for the whole job. [L. contractus—con, together, trahĕre, to draw.]

Contra-dance. See Country-dance.

Contradict, kon-tra-dikt′, v.t. to oppose by words: to assert the contrary: to deny: to be contrary to in character.—adj. Contradict′able.—n. Contradic′tion, act of contradicting: a speaking against: denial: inconsistency.—adj. Contradic′tious.—advs. Contradic′tiously (rare), Contradic′torily.—adjs. Contradict′ive, Contradict′ory, affirming the contrary: inconsistent.—n. Contradict′oriness, the quality of being contradictory, [L. contradicĕre, -dictum.]

Contradistinction, kon-tra-dis-tingk′shun, n. distinction by contrast.—adj. Contradistinct′ive, distinguishing by opposite qualities.—v.t. Contradistin′guish, to mark the difference between two things by contrasting their different qualities.

Contrafissure, kon′tra-fish-ūr, n. (surg.) a fracture or contusion of the skull at a place opposite that on which the blow was received.

Contrahent, kon′tra-hent, adj. entering into a contract.—n. a contracting party. [L. contrahent-em—contrahĕre.]

Contra-indicate, kon′tra-in′di-kāt, v.t. of a disease, to show symptoms adverse to a particular treatment.—ns. Con′tra-in′dicant, Con′tra-indicā′tion.

Contraire, kon-trār, adj. an obsolete form of Contrary.

Contralateral, kon-tra-lat′e-ral, adj. occurring on the opposite side.

Contralto, kon-tral′tō, n. the deepest or lowest species of musical voice in boys, in eunuchs, and best of all in women. [See Alto and Counter (1).]

Contraplex, kon′tra-pleks, adj. (teleg.) having two currents or messages passing in opposite directions at the same time.

Contraposition, kon′tra-po-zish′un, n. opposition, contrast: (logic) an immediate inference, which consists in denying the original subject of the contradictory of the original predicate.—adj. Con′tra-pos′itive.

Contraption, kon-trap′shun, n. (U.S.) a contrivance.

Contrapuntal. See Counterpoint.

Contra-rotation, kon′tra-rō-tā′shun, n. rotation in a contrary direction.

Contrary, kon′tra-ri, adj. opposite: contradictory—Contra′riant (rare).—n. a thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities.—n.pl. Con′traries, things opposite in quality: (logic) propositions which destroy each other.—n. Contrarī′ety, opposition: inconsistency.—adv. Con′trarily.—n. Con′trariness.—adj. Contrā′rious, showing contrariety: repugnant: opposite.—advs. Contrā′riously, contrarily; Con′trariwise, on the contrary way or side: on the other hand. [L. contrarius—contra, against.]

Contrast, kon-trast′, v.i. to stand in opposition to.—v.t. to set in opposition, in order to show superiority or give effect.—n. Con′trast, opposition or unlikeness in things compared: exhibition of differences.—adj. Contrast′ive. [Fr. contraster—L. contra, opposite to, stāre, to stand.]

Contrate, kon′trāt, adj. having cogs or teeth arranged in a manner contrary to the usual one, or projecting parallel to the axis.

Contra-tenor. Same as Counter-tenor (q.v. under Counter, 1).

Contravallation, kon-tra-val-ā′shun, n. a fortification built by besiegers about the place invested. [L. contra, opposite, vallāre, ātum, to fortify.]

Contravene, kon-tra-vēn′, v.t. to oppose.—n. Contraven′tion, act of contravening: opposition: obstruction. [L. contra, against, venīre, to come.]

Contrayerva, kon-tra-yėr′va, n. a stimulating and tonic aromatic root of tropical America. [Sp. contrayerba—L. contra, against, herba, a herb.]

Contretemps, kon-tr-tang′, n. something happening inopportunely or at the wrong time, anything embarrassing, a hitch. [Fr. contre—L. contra, against, and Fr. temps—L. tempus, time.]

Contribute, kon-trib′ūt, v.t. to give along with others: to give for a common purpose: to furnish an article to a newspaper, &c.: to pay a share.—v.i. to give or bear a part.—adj. Contrib′utary, paying a share, contributable, subject to contribution.—n. Contribū′tion, a collection: a levy or charge imposed upon a people: anything furnished to a common stock: a written composition supplied to a jointly written book, newspaper, &c.—adjs. Contrib′utive, Contrib′utory, giving a share: helping.—n. Contrib′utor. [L. con, with, tribuĕre, -utum, to give.]

Contrist, kon-trist′, v.t. (obs.) to sadden.—n. Contristā′tion. [Fr.,—L. contristāre—con, inten., and tristis, sad.]

Contrite, kon′trīt, adj. broken-hearted for sin: penitent.—adv. Con′tritely.—ns. Con′triteness; Contri′tion, deep sorrow for sin: remorse. [L. contritus—conter-ĕre—con, wholly, ter-ĕre, to bruise.]

Contriturate, kon-trit′ū-rāt, v.t. to pulverise together.

Contrive, kon-trīv′, v.t. to plan: to invent: to bring about or effect: to plot.—adj. Contriv′able, that may be contrived.—ns. Contriv′ance, Contrive′ment, act of contriving: the thing contrived: invention: design: artifice; Contriv′er, a schemer, a manager. [O. Fr. controver—con-, trover, to find—L. turbāre, to disturb.]

Contrive, kon-triv′, v.t. (obs.) to spend, as time. [L. conter-ĕre, contritum, perf. contrīvi, to wear out.]

Control, kon-trōl′, n. restraint: authority: command.—v.t. to check: to restrain: to govern:—pr.p. contrōl′ling; pa.p. contrōlled′.—Formerly Comptroll′, Countrol′, Controul′.—adj. Control′lable, capable of, or subject to, control.—ns. Control′ler, Comptrol′ler, one who checks the accounts of others by a counter-roll; Control′lership; Control′ment, act or power of controlling: state of being controlled: control. [Fr. contrôle, from contre-rôle, a duplicate register—L. contra, against, rotulus, a roll.]

Controvert, kon′tro-vėrt, v.t. to oppose: to argue against: to refute.—adj. Controver′sial, relating to controversy.—n. Controver′sialist, one given to controversy.—adv. Controver′sially.—ns. Con′troversy, a debate: contest: resistance.—adj. Controvert′ible.—adv. Controvert′ibly.—n. Con′trovertist. [L. contra, against, and vert-ĕre, to turn.]

Contumacious, kon-tū-mā′shus, adj. opposing lawful authority with contempt: obstinate: stubborn.—adv. Contumā′ciously.—ns. Contumā′ciousness; Con-tumac′ity; Con′tumacy, obstinate disobedience or resistance. [L. contumax, -acis, insolent, from con, and tum-ēre, to swell, or temn-ĕre, to despise.]

Contumely, kon′tū-mel-i, n. rudeness: insolence: reproach.—adj. Contumē′lious, haughtily reproachful: insolent.—adv. Contumē′liously.—n. Contumē′liousness. [L. contumelia, which is prob. from the same source as contumacy.]

Contund, kon-tund′, v.t. to bruise or pound.—v.t. Contūse′, to beat or bruise: to crush.—n. Contū′sion, act of bruising; state of being bruised; a bruise.—adj. Contū′sive, apt to bruise. [L. contundĕre, contusum—con, and tundĕre, to bruise.]

Conundrum, kon-un′drum, n. a sort of riddle containing some odd or fanciful resemblance between things quite unlike: any puzzling question. [Ety. dub.]

Convalesce, kon-val-es′, v.i. to regain health.—ns. Convales′cence, Convales′cency, gradual recovery of health and strength.—adj. Convales′cent, gradually recovering health.—n. one recovering health. [L. con, and valesc-ĕre—val-ēre, to be strong.]

Convallaria, kon-va-lā′ri-a, n. a genus of Liliaceæ, its only species the Lily-of-the-valley. [L. convallis, a sheltered valley.]

Convection, kon-vek′shun, n. the process of transmission of heat or electricity through liquids or gases by means of currents.—adj. Convec′tive, occasioned by convection. [L.,—con, and vehĕre, to carry.]

Convenance, kong′ve-nangs, n. what is suitable or proper: (pl.) the conventional usages or social proprieties. [Fr.]

Convene, kon-vēn′, v.i. to come together: to assemble.—v.t. to call together.—adj. Convē′nable.—n. Conven′er, one who convenes a meeting: the chairman of a committee. [Fr.,—L. conven-īre, from con, together, and venīre, to come.]

Convenient, kon-vēn′yent, adj. suitable: handy: commodious.—adj. Conven′able (obs.), fitting.—ns. Conven′ience, Conven′iency, suitableness: an advantage: any particular domestic accommodation, as a closet, &c.—adv. Conven′iently. [L. convenīre.]

Convent, kon′vent, n. an association of persons secluded from the world and devoted to a religious life: the house in which they live, a monastery or nunnery.—adj. Convent′ual, belonging to a convent.—n. a monk or nun; a member of one of the two divisions of the Franciscans, following a mitigated rule—the other being the Observants. [Through Fr. from L. convent-um, convenīre, to come together.]

Conventicle, kon-vent′i-kl, n. applied in contempt to a meeting for worship of dissenters from the Established Church, applied esp. to the field-preachings of the Presbyterian ministers in the persecutions under Charles II. and James II.: any private, clandestine, or irregular meeting.—v.i. to hold such.—n. Conven′ticler. [L. conventiculum, a secret meeting of monks, dim. of conventus.]

Convention, kon-ven′shun, n. an assembly, esp. of representatives or delegates for some common object: any extraordinary assembly called upon any special occasion: any temporary treaty: an agreement: established usage: fashion.—adj. Conven′tional, formed by convention: growing out of tacit agreement or custom: customary: not spontaneous.—v.t. Conven′tionalise.—ns. Conventionalism, that which is established by tacit agreement, as a mode of speech, &c.; Conven′tionalist, one who adheres to a convention, or is swayed by conventionalism; Conventional′ity, state of being conventional: that which is established by use or custom.—adv. Conven′tionally.—adj. Conven′tionary, acting under contract.—ns. Conven′tioner, Conven′tionist. [Fr.,—L. convention-em. See Convene.]

Converge, kon-vėrj′, v.i. to tend to one point.—ns. Conver′gence, Conver′gency, act or quality of tending to one point.—adjs. Conver′gent, Conver′ging, tending to one point. [L. con, together, and vergĕre, to bend, to incline.]

Conversazione, kon-vėr-sat-se-ō′ne, n. a meeting for conversation, particularly on literary subjects:—pl. Conversaziō′ni (-nē). [It.]

Converse, kon-vėrs′, v.i. to have intercourse: to talk familiarly.—n. Con′verse, familiar intercourse: conversation.—adj. Convers′able, disposed to converse: sociable.—adv. Convers′ably.—ns. Con′versance, Con′versancy, state of being conversant: familiarity.—adj. Con′versant, acquainted by study: familiar; (B.) walking or associating with.—n. Conversā′tion, intercourse: talk: familiar discourse; (B.) behaviour or deportment.—adj. Conversā′tional.—ns. Conversā′tionalist, Conversā′tionist, one who excels in conversation; Conversā′tionism, a colloquialism.—adj. Conver′sative, ready to talk. [Fr.,—L. conversāri, to live with—con, inten., and versāre, to turn much—vertĕre, to turn.]

Convert, kon-vert′, v.t. to change or turn from one thing, condition, or religion to another: to change from an irreligious to a holy life: to alter one thing into another: to apply to a particular purpose.—n. Con′vert, one converted: one who has become religious, or who has changed his religion.—adj. Con′verse, reversed in order or relation.—n. that which is the opposite of another: a proposition converted or turned about—i.e. one in which the subject and predicate have changed places.—adv. Con′versely.—ns. Conver′sion, change from one thing, state, or religion to another: (theol.) the conscious change of heart impelling the repentant sinner to a new life: appropriation to a special purpose: (logic) act of interchanging the terms of a proposition; Con′vertend, the proposition to be converted; Convert′er, one who converts: a vessel in which materials are changed from one condition to another; Convertibil′ity, Convert′ibleness.—adjs. Convert′ible, Conver′sive (obs.), that may be converted: equivalent.—adv. Convert′ibly.—n. Con′vertite, a convert, a reformed woman. [L. convertĕre, conversum—con, and vertĕre, to turn.]

Convex, kon′veks, adj. rising into a round form on the outside, the reverse of concave.—n. the vault of heaven, &c.—adj. Convexed′, made convex.—adv. Convex′edly.—ns. Convex′ity, Con′vexness, roundness of form on the outside.—adv. Con′vexly.—adjs. Convex′o-con′cave, convex on one side, and concave on the other; Convex′o-con′vex, convex on both sides. [L. convexus—conveh-ĕre—con, together, and vehĕre, to carry.]

Convey, kon-vā′, v.t. to carry: to transmit: to impart: to steal: to communicate, as ideas: to make over in law.—adj. Convey′able.—ns. Convey′al; Convey′ance, the means of conveying: a vehicle of any kind: (law) the act of transferring property: the writing which transfers it; Convey′ancer, one whose business is the preparation of deeds for the transference of property; Convey′ancing, the business of a conveyancer; Convey′er. [O. Fr. conveier—L. con, along with, and O. Fr. veie—L. via, a way.]

Convicinity, kon-vi-sin′i-ti, n. neighbourhood.

Convict, kon-vikt′, v.t. to prove guilty: to pronounce guilty.—n. Con′vict, one convicted or found guilty of crime, esp. one who has been condemned to penal servitude.—ns. Convic′tion, act of convincing: strong belief: a proving guilty: (theol.) the condition of being consciously convicted of sin; Con′victism, the convict system.—adj. Convict′ive, able to convince or convict.—Carry conviction, to bear irresistibly the stamp or proof of truth; Under conviction, in such a state of awakened consciousness. [From root of Convince.]

Convince, kon-vins′, v.t. to subdue the mind by evidence: to satisfy as to truth or error: (B.) to convict: to refute.—n. Convince′ment.—adjs. Convinc′ible; Convinc′ing, producing conviction.—adv. Convinc′ingly. [L. convincĕre, con, sig. completeness, and vincĕre, victum, to conquer.]

Convivial, kon-viv′i-al, adj. feasting in company: relating to a feast: social: jovial.—v.i. Convive′ (Shak.), to feast together.—n. a companion at table.—ns. Conviv′ialist, a convivial fellow; Convivial′ity.—adv. Conviv′ially. [L.,—convivium, a living together, a feast—con, together, and vivĕre, to live.]

Convoke, kon-vōk′, v.t. to call together: to assemble—also Con′vocāte.—n. Convocā′tion, act of convoking: a provincial synod of clergy, the ancient ecclesiastical council of the archbishop, esp. those of the provinces of Canterbury and York in the Church of England: the great legislative assembly of the university at Oxford and elsewhere.—adj. Convocā′tional.—n. Convocā′tionist. [L. convocāre—con, together, and vocāre, -ātum, to call.]

Convolve, kon-volv′, v.t. to roll together, or one part on another.—adjs. Con′volute, -d, rolled together, or one part on another.—n. Convolū′tion, a twisting: a fold. [L. con, together, volvĕre, -utum, to roll.]

Convolvulus, kon-vol′vū-lus, n. a genus of twining or trailing plants, called also Bindweed. [L.,—convolvĕre.]

Convoy, kon-voy′, v.t. to accompany for protection.—n. Con′voy, the act of convoying: protection: that which convoys or is convoyed, esp. a ship or ships of war guarding a fleet of merchant-vessels, also the ships so protected: an honourable escort: a supply of stores, &c., under escort. [Fr. convoyer. See Convey.]

Convulse, kon-vuls′, v.t. to agitate violently: to affect by spasms.—adj. Convul′sible, subject to convulsion.—n. Convul′sion, any involuntary contraction of the voluntary muscles of the body, esp. such seizures in which the body is thrown into violent spasmodic contractions, the sensibility and voluntary motion being for a time suspended: any violent disturbance.—adjs. Convul′sional, Convul′sionary, pertaining to convulsions.—n.pl. Convul′sionaries, a fanatical sect of Jansenists who sprang up in France about 1730.—adj. Convuls′ive, attended with convulsions: spasmodic.—adv. Convuls′ively.—n. Convuls′iveness. [L. con, inten., and vellĕre, vulsum, to pluck, to pull.]

Cony, Coney, kō′ni, or kun′i, n. a rabbit: (B.) translation of Heb. shâphân, the Hyrax syriacus, or rock-badger: (obs.) an equivocal term of endearment for a woman.—n. Cō′ny-burr′ow, a rabbit-warren.—v.t. Cō′ny-catch (Shak.), to cheat.—ns. Cōny-catch′er, a cheat; Cō′ny-wool, rabbits' fur. [Prob. through O. Fr. connil, from L. cuniculus, a rabbit.]

Conyza, kō-nī′za, n. a genus of strong-smelling herbaceous composite plants—applied formerly to the fleabanes. [Gr.]

Coo, kōō, v.i. to make a sound as a dove: to caress fondly, usually in phrase, 'to bill and coo:'—pr.p. cōō′ing; pa.p. cōōed.—n. the sound emitted by doves.—adv. Coo′ingly. [From the sound.]

Cooee, kōō′ē, Cooey, koo′i, n. the signal-call of the native Australians in the bush.—v.i. to make such.

Coof, küf, n. (Scot.) a stupid fellow. [Prob. M. E. cofe, the modern Cove, a fellow.]

Cook, kook, v.t. to prepare food: to manipulate for any purpose, or falsify, as accounts, &c.: to concoct.—n. one whose business is to cook.—ns. Cook′ery, the art or practice of cooking; Cook′ery-book, a book of receipts for cooking dishes.—n.pl. Cook′ing-app′les, &c., apples, &c., sold specially for cooking.—ns. Cook′ing-range, a stove adapted for cooking several things at once; Cook′-room, a room in which food is cooked; Cook′-shop, an eating-house.—To cook one's goose (slang), to finish off, to kill. [A.S. cóc, a cook (Ger. koch), borrowed from L. coquus.]

Cook, kook, v.i. to make the sound of the cuckoo.

Cook, kook, v.i. (Scot.) to appear and disappear by turns.

Cookie, kook′i, n. a kind of sweet cake used at tea.—n. Cookie-shine, a tea-party. [Dut. koekje, a cake.]

Cool, kōōl, adj. slightly cold: free from excitement: calm: not zealous, ardent, or cordial: indifferent: impudent: colloquially of a large sum of money, as 'a cool thousand.'—v.t. to make cool: to allay or moderate, as heat, excitement, passion, &c.—v.i. to grow cool.—n. that which is cool: coolness.—n. Cool′er, anything that cools: a vessel in which something is cooled—e.g. 'a butter-cooler.'—adjs. Cool′-head′ed, not easily excited: capable of acting with composure; Cool′ish, somewhat cool; Cool′ly (Spens.), cool.—adv. in a cool manner: indifferently: impudently.—ns. Cool′ness, moderate cold: indifference: want of zeal; Cool′-tank′ard, a cooling drink of wine and water, with lemon-juice, spices, and borage: a local name of borage; Coolth (dial.), coolness. [A.S. cól; Ger. kühl. See Cold and Chill.]