The Muscles of the Dog

Muscles of the Face

The panniculus carnosus is well developed and presents two distinct bands, one of which is inserted into the lower lip, the other into the scutiform cartilage of the ear.

The orbicularis oris is poorly developed. In the upper lip it is divided centrally, and in the lower it is distinct only near the angles of the mouth.

The levator nasolabialis is wide and undivided, and ends in the upper lip.

The levator labii superioris proprius arises behind the infraorbital foramen, runs forward under the preceding muscle, and ends in numerous small tendons around the nostril, some blending with those of the opposite side.

The zygomaticus, long and narrow, arises on the scutiform cartilage, and ends at the angle of the mouth.

The depressor labii inferioris is absent, unless we recognize as such a thin stratum arising on the body of the mandible and spreading out in the orbicularis.

There are no special nasal muscles, the homologue of the lateral dilator ending almost entirely in the upper lip.

The buccinator is wide and very thin, and the two planes of fibers cross each other.

The palpebral muscles present no very noteworthy special characters.