Antient Heroes (part 2)

Claudian. in Eutrop. l. 1. v. 339.

This is the reason that we find these kingdoms so often confounded, and the Babylonians continually spoken of as Assyrians, and sometimes as Persians. Βαβυλων Περσικη πολις. Steph. Byz.

Strabo. l. 16. p. 1071.

These mounds were high altars, upon which they sacrificed to the Sun. By Ctesias they are supposed to have been the tombs of her lovers, whom she buried alive. Syncellus. p. 64.

They built Babylon itself; which by Eupolemus was said to have been the work of Belus, and the Giants. Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 17. p. 418. Quint. Curt. l. 5. c. 1. Abydenus apud Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 15. Syncellus. p. 44.

Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 364.

He ordered it to be inscribed upon his tomb, ὁτι και Μαγικων γενοιτο διδασκαλος. Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 399.

By Zoroaster was denoted both the Deity, and also his priest. It was a name conferred upon many personages.

Zerdûsht, seu, ut semel cum vocali damna scriptum vidi, Zordush't, idem est, qui Græcis sonat Ζωροαστρης. Hyde Relig. Vet. Persar. c. 24. p. 312.

L. 30. c. 1. p. 523.

Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.

Clemens. l. 1. p. 399.

Ibid. l. 5. p. 711. Ταδε συνεγραφεν Ζοροαστρης ὁ Αρμενιου το γενος Παμφυλος. κλ. Εν αδῃ γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων.

Clemens. l. 1. p. 357. Apuleius Florid. c. 15. p. 795, mentions a Zoroaster after the reign of Cambyses.

Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

Syncellus. p. 167.

P. 315. It is also taken notice of by Huetius. Sinam recentiores Persæ apud Indos degentes faciunt (Zoroastrem). D.E. Prop. 4. p. 89.

Sed haud mirum est, si Europæi hoc modo dissentiant de homine peregrino, cum illius populares orientales etiam de ejus prosapiâ dubitent. At de ejus tempore concordant omnes, unum tantum constituentes Zoroastrem, eumque in eodem seculo ponentes. p. 315.

Plures autem fuere Zoroastres ut satis constat. Gronovius in Marcellinum. l. 23. p. 288. Arnobius and Clemens mention more than one. Stanley reckons up six. See Chaldaic Philosophy.

P. 312.

Zoroaster may have been called Zerdusht, and Zertoost: but he was not Zerdusht the son of Gustasp, who is supposed to have lived during the Persian Monarchy. Said Ebn. Batrick styles him Zorodasht, but places him in the time of Nahor, the father of Terah, before the days of Abraham. vol. 1. p. 63.

Diogenes Laert. Proœm. p. 3.

Προ των Τρωικων ετεσι φ' Ζωροαστρης.

Laertius Proœm. p. 3.

Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

Ζωροαστρις ὁ Μαγος, ὁν πεντακισχιλιοις ετεσιν των Τρωικων γεγονεναι πρεσβυτερον ἱστορουσιν. Isis et Osir. p. 369.

Zoroastrem hunc sex millibus annorum ante Platonis mortem. Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

P. 16. and p. 47.

Euseb. Chron. p. 32. Syncellus. p. 167.

Pliny. l. 30. c. 1. p. 524.

Ουκ ειναι μαθειν ποτερον Δαρειου πατηρ, ειτε και αλλος κ λ. He owns, that he could not find out, when Zoroaster lived. Ὁπηνικα μεν (ὁ Ζωροαστρης) ηχμασε την αρχην, και τους νομους εθετο, ουκ ενεστι σαφως διαγνωναι. l. 2. p. 62.

Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

Huetii Demons. Evan. Prop. 4. p. 88. 89.

See Huetius ibid.

Αστρονομιαν πρωτοι Βαβυλωνιοι εφευρον δια Ζωροαστρου, μεθ' ὁν Οστανης·—αφ' ὡν Αιγυπτιοι και Ἑλληνες εδεξαντο. Anon. apud Suidam. Αστρον.

Primus dicitur magicas artes invenisse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

Diog. Laertius Proœm. p. 6.

Την Μαγειαν την Ζωροαστρου του Ωρομαζου. Plato in Alcibiade l. 1. p. 122.

Agathias calls him the son of Oromasdes. l. 2. p. 62.

Pliny. l. 7. c. 16. Risit eodem, quo natus est, die. See Lord's account of the modern Persees in India. c. 3. It is by them said, that he laughed as soon as he came into the world.

Hermippus apud Plinium. l. 30. c. 1.

Dio. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. 38. Fol. 448. Euseb. Præp. l. 1. p. 42. See also Agathias just mentioned.

Θυειν ευκταια και χαριστηρια. Plutarch Is. et Osir. p. 369.

Primus dicitur artes magicas invenisse, et mundi principia, siderumque motus diligentissime spectâsse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

Ζαραδης· διττη γαρ επ' αυτῳ επωνυμια. Agath. l. 2. p. 62.

Ζαρητις, Αρτεμις, Περσαι. Hesych.

Zar-Ades signifies the Lord of light: Zar-Atis and Atish, the Lord of fire.

L. 1. c. 5. p. 16. Of the title Zar-Ovanus, I shall treat hereafter.

Plutarch. Is. et Osiris. p. 369.

See Agathias. l. 2. p. 62.

Plutarch says, that Zoroaster lived five thousand years before the Trojan war. Plutarch above.

Ὁυτος (ὁ Θεος) εστιν ὁ πρωτος, αφθαρτος, αϊδιος, αγεννητος, αμερης, ανομοιοτατος, ἡνιοχος παντος καλου, αδωροδοκητος, αγαθων αγαθωτατος, φρονιμων φρονιμωτατος. Εστι δε και πατηρ ευνομιας, και δικαιοσυνης, αυτοδιδακτος, φυσικος, και τελειος, και σοφος, και ἱερου φυσικου μονος ἑυρετης. Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 42.

Clemens. l. 5. p. 711.

Εν ᾁδη γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων. Ibid.

Dion. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. p. 448.

Hyde. p. 312.

Abulfeda. vol. 3. p. 58. See Hyde. p. 312.

Hesych. Μαγον.

Suidas. Μαγοι.

Oratio Borysthen. p. 449.

Μαγοι, ὁι περι το θειον σοφοι. Porph. de Abst. l. 4. p. 398.

Apuleius styles Magia—Diis immortalibus acceptam, colendi eos ac venerandi pergnaram, piam scilicet et diviniscientem, jam inde a Zoroastre Oromazi, nobili Cælitum antistite. Apol. 1. p. 447. so it should be read. See Apuleii Florida. c. 15. p. 793. l. 3.

Τους δε Μαγους περι τε θεραπειας θεων διατριβειν κλ. Cleitarchus apud Laertium. Proœm. p. 5.

Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 94.

Marcellinus. l. 23. p. 288.

Ibidem. It should be Regis prudentissimi; for Hystaspes was no king.

Rerum Franc. l. 1. He adds, Ab hoc etiam ignem adorare consueti, ipsum divinitus igne consumptum, ut Deum colunt.

Αστρον ζωον. Clemens Recognit. l. 4. c. 28. p. 546. Greg. Turonensis supra. Some have interpreted the name αστροθυτης.

Προσαγορευουσι και Συριον. Pr. Evan. l. 1. p. 27. Some would change it to Σειριον: but they are both of the same purport; and indeed the same term differently expressed. Persæ Συρη Deum vocant. Lilius Gyrald. Synt. 1. p. 5.

Joshua. c. 15. v. 58.

1 Maccab. c. 4. v. 61. called Beth-Zur. 2 Chron. c. 11. v. 7. There was an antient city Sour, in Syria, near Sidon. Judith. c. 2. v. 28. it retains its name at this day.

Βηθσουρ. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.

The Sun was termed Sehor, by the sons of Ham, rendered Sour, Surius, Σειριος by other nations.

Σειριος, ὁ Ἡλιος. Hesych. Σειριος ονομα αστερος, η ὁ Ἡλιος. Phavorinus.

Βεδσουρ—εστι νυν κωμη Βεθσορων. In Onomastico.

Bethsur est hodie Bethsoron. In locis Hebræis.

Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 13. p. 402.

[1000] Jovi. O. M. et Deæ Suriæ: Gruter. p. 5. n. 1.

D. M. SYRIÆ sacrum. Patinus. p. 183.

[1001] Apud Brigantas in Northumbriâ. Camden's Britannia. p. 1071.

[1002] See Radicals. p. 42. of Zon.

[1003] Chron. Paschale. p. 43. Servius upon Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 14.

[1004] Lycophron. v. 1301.

[1005] Zor and Taur, among the Amonians, had sometimes the same meaning.

[1006] See the engraving of the Mneuis, called by Herodotus the bull of Mycerinus. Herod. l. 2. c. 130. Editio Wesseling. et Gronov.

[1007] See the Plates annexed, which are copied from Kæmpfer's Amœnitates Exoticæ. p. 312. Le Bruyn. Plate 158. Hyde. Relig. Vet. Pers. Tab. 6. See also plate 2. and plate 4. 5. vol. 1. of this work. They were all originally taken from the noble ruins at Istachar, and Naki Rustan in Persia.

[1008] Huetii Prop. 4. p. 92.

Lord, in his account of the Persees, says, that Zertoost (so he expresses the name) was conveyed by an Angel, and saw the Deity in a vision, who appeared like a bright light, or flame. Account of the Persees. c. 3.

[1009] See Stanley's Chaldaic Philos. p. 7. and p. 11. They were by Damascius styled Ζωνοι and Αζωνοι: both terms of the same purport, though distinguished by persons who did not know their purport.

[1010] See Plates annexed.

[1011] Martianus Capella. l. 1. c. 17. Ex cunctis igitur Cœli regionibus advocatis Diis, cæteri, quos Azonos vocant, ipso commonente Cyllenio, convocantur. Psellus styles them Αζωνοι, and Ζωναιοι. See Scholia upon the Chaldaic Oracles.

[1012] Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.

[1013] The Sun was styled both Zon, and Azon; Zan and Azan: so Dercetis was called Atargatis: Neith of Egypt, Aneith. The same was to be observed in places. Zelis was called Azilis: Saba, Azaba: Stura, Astura: Puglia, Apuglia: Busus, Ebusus: Damasec, Adamasec. Azon was therefore the same as Zon; and Azon Nakis may be interpreted Sol Rex, vel Dominus.

[1014] Antholog. l. 3. p. 269.

[1015] See Huetius. Demons. Evang. prop. 4. p. 129.

[1016] In Theolog. Platonis. l. 1. c. 4.

[1017]

Ουδε τι φαρμακον

Θρησσαις εν σανισι,

Τας Ορφειη κατεγραψε γηρυς. Alcestis. v. 968.

[1018] Plato de Repub. l. 2. p. 364.

[1019] Lactant. de F. R. l. 1. p. 105.

[1020] Scholia in Alcestin. v. 968.

Concerning Orpheus, see Diodorus. l. 1. p. 86. Aristoph. Ranæ. v. 1064. Euseb. P. E. lib. 10. p. 469.

[1021] L. 22. See Natalis comes. l. 7. p. 401.

[1022] L. 9. p. 768.

[1023] V. 41.

[1024] Ibid. v. 99.

[1025] L. 6. p. 505.

[1026] Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 23.

[1027] Scholia. ibid.

[1028] Natalis Comes. l. 7. p. 400.

[1029] De Repub. l. 2. p. 364. Musæus is likewise, by the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, styled ὑιος Σεληνης. Ranæ. v. 106. Schol.

[1030] Lucian. Astrologus.

[1031] See Lilius Gyraldus de Poetarum Hist. Dialog. 2. p. 73. Ορφευς, φορμικτας αοιδαν πατηρ. Pindar. Pyth. Ode. 4. p. 253.

[1032] Clementis Cohort. p. 12. Diog. Laert. Proœm. p. 3. Herodotus. l. 2. c. 49. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 87. l. 3. p. 300. Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 7.

[1033] Linus was the son of Apollo and Calliope. See Suidas, Λινος.

[1034] There were, in like manner, different places where he was supposed to have been buried.

[1035] Proœm. p. 5. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270. In like manner Zoroaster was said to have been slain by lightning.

[1036] Suidas, Ορφευς.

[1037] Tzetzes makes him live one hundred years before the war of Troy. Hist. 399. Chil. 12.

[1038] Ορφευς.

[1039] Vossius de Arte Poet. c. 13. p. 78.

[1040] Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 38. See also Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 8. c. 6.

[1041] C. 24. p. 84.

[1042] Through the whole of this I am obliged to dissent from a person of great erudition, the late celebrated Professor I. M. Gesner, of Gottingen: to whom, however, I am greatly indebted, and particularly for his curious edition of the Orphic poems, published at Leipsick, 1764.

[1043] All the Orphic rites were confessedly from Egypt. Diodorus above. See Lucian's Astrologus.

[1044] Suidas.

[1045] Maximus Tyrius. c. 37. p. 441.

[1046] Scholia upon the Hecuba of Euripides. v. 1267. See also the Alcestis. v. 968.

[1047] Plato de Repub. l. 10. p. 620.

[1048] Diodorus. l. 4. p. 282. The history of Aristæus is nearly a parody of the histories of Orpheus and Cadmus.

[1049] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 10. v. 81. The like mentioned of the Cadmians. See Æschylus. Ἑπτ' επι Θηβαις. Proœm. Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 13. c. 5.

[1050] Hecatæus apud Steph. Byzant. Λημνος. The first inhabitants are said to have been Thracians, styled Σιντιες και Σαπαιοι; the chief cities Myrina, and Hephaistia.

[1051] Philostrati Heroica. p. 677. εν κοιλῃ τη γῃ χρησμωδει.

[1052] Steph Byz. Χαλδαιος.

[1053] Pocock's Travels. vol. 2. p. 159.

[1054] Pausan. l. 6. p. 505.

[1055] See Huetii Demonst. Evang. pr. 4. p. 129.

[1056]

Στικτους δ' ἡμαξαντο βραχιονας, αμφι μελαινη

Δευομεναι σποδιη θρηικιον πλοκαμον. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270.

[1057] Servius in Virgil. eclog. 8. See Salmasius upon Solinus. p. 425.

[1058] Περι την πεντηκοστην Ολυμπιαδα. Tatianus. Assyr. p. 275. These were the Orphic hymns, which were sung by the Lycomedæ at Athens.

[1059] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 322.

[1060]

Αιγυπτιου Διονυσου

Μυστιδος εννυχιας τελετας εδιδαξετο τεχνης. Nonnus. Dionus. l. 4. p. 128.

There will be found in some circumstances a great resemblance between Cadmus and Orpheus.

[1061] Ὁι δε Φοινικες ὁυτοι ὁι συν Καδμῳ απικομενοι—εισηγαγον διδασκαλια ες τους Ἑλληνας, και δη και γραμματα, ουκ εοντα πριν Ἑλλησιν. Herod. l. 5. c. 58.

Literas—in Greciam intulisse e Phœnice Cadmum, sedecim numero. Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.

[1062] Plutarch. De genio Socratis. vol. 1. p. 578.

[1063] Plutarch. above.

[1064]

Ὁ μεν δη ἑις των τριποδων επιγραμμα εχει,

Αμφιτρυων μ' ανεθηκεν εων απο Τηλεβοαων.

Ταυτα ἡλικιην αν ειη κατα Λαϊον τον Λαβδακου. Herod. l. 5. c. 59.

[1065] Pausanias. l. 8. p. 628.

[1066] He is said to have introduced Διονυσιακην, τελετουργιαν, φαλληφοριαν

[1067] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 20.

[1068] Cadmum Pherecydes. l. iv. Historiarum ex Agenore et Argiope, Nili fluvii filiâ natum esse tradidit. Natalis Comes. l. 8. c. 23. p. 481. There are various genealogies of this personage. Λιβυης της Επαφου και Ποσειδωνος, Αγηνωρ και Βηλος. Αγηνωρος και Αντιοπης της Βηλου Καδμος. Scholia Euripid. Phœniss. v. 5.

Φερεκυδης δε εν δ ὁυτω φησιν. Αγηνωρ δε ὁ Ποσειδωνος γαμει Δαμνω την Βηλου· των δε γινονται Φοινιξ και Ισαια, ἡν ισχει Αιγυπτος, και Μελια, ἡν ισχει Δαναος. επειτα ενισχει Αγηνωρ Αργιοπην την Νειλου του ποταμου· του δε γινεται Καδμος. Apollon. Scholia. l. 3. v. 1185.

[1069] Dionusiac. l. 4. p. 126.

[1070] V. 1206. The Poet calls the Thebans of Bœotia, Ωγυγου σπαρτος λεως.

[1071] Nonnus, l. 4. p. 126.

[1072] Euseb. Chron. p. 27. and Syncellus. p. 152.

[1073] See Pausan. l. 9. p. 734.

[1074] Φοινιξ και Καδμος, απο Θηβων των Αιγυπτιων εξελθοντες εις την Συριαν κτλ. Euseb. Chron. p. 27.

[1075] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 329.

[1076] Καδμος—προσεσχε την Θηραν. Herod. l. 4. c. 147.

[1077] Conon apud Photium. p. 443. and Scholia Dionysii. v. 517. Ειχε δε ἱερον Ἡρακλεους ἡ Θασος, ὑπο των αυτων Φοινικων ἱδρυθεν, ὁι πλευσαντες κατα ζητησιν της Ευρωπης την Θασον εκτισαν.

[1078] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 323.

[1079] Nonnus. l. 3. p. 86. Priene in Ionia called Cadmia. Strabo. l. 14. p. 943.

[1080] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1081] Steph. Byzant.

[1082] Nonnus. p. 86.

[1083] Auri metalla et conflaturam Cadmus Phœnix (invenit) ad Pangæum montem. Plin. l. 7. c. 56. Καδμος, και Τηλεφασσα εν Θρακῃ κατωκησαν. Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 130.

[1084] Plin. l. 34. c. 10. Hygin. f. 274.

[1085] Strabo. l. 14. p. 998.

[1086] Ibid. l. 10. p. 685.

[1087] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1088] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61.

[1089] Cedrenus. p. 23.

[1090] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 143. Pausan. l. 9. p. 719.

[1091] Stephanus Byzantin.

[1092] Thucydid. l. 1. c. 5, 6.

[1093]

Παρα Τριτωνιδι λιμνῃ

Ἁρμονιη παρελεκτο ῥοδωπιδι Καδμος αλητης. Nonnus. l. 13. p. 372.

Diodorus says that he married her in Samothracia. l. 5. p. 323.

[1094] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 372.

[1095] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 370.

[1096] Stephanus Byzant. The Carthaginians are by Silius Italicus styled Cadmeans.

Sacri cum perfida pacti

Gens Cadmea super regno certamina movit. l. 1. v. 5.

[1097] L. 1. c. 9, 10. p. 26. l. 2. c. 4. p. 87.

[1098] Moses Choren. l. 1. c. 9. p. 26. There was a city Cadmea in Cilicia. Καδμεια εκτισθη και Σιδη εν Κιλικια. Eusebii Chron. p. 30. l. 23.

[1099] Stephanus Byzant. Some think that this is a mistake for Καλχηδων, Chalcedon. But Chalcedon was not in Armenia, nor in its vicinity.

[1100] Cadmus was coeval with Dardanus. He was in Samothrace before the foundation of Troy. Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 323. Yet he is said to be contemporary with the Argonauts: Clemens Alexandrinus Strom. l. 1. p. 382. and posterior to Tiresias, who was in the time of Epigonoi. Yet Tiresias is said to have prophesied of Cadmus, and his offspring.

πολλα δε Καδμῳ

Χρησει, και μεγαλοις ὑστερα Λαβδακιδαις

Callimachi Lavacra Palladis. v. 125.

The son of Cadmus is supposed to have lived at the time of the Trojan war: Lycophron. v. 217. and Scholia. His daughter Semele is said to have been sixteen hundred years before Herodotus, by that writer's own account. l. 2 c. 145. She was at this rate prior to the foundation of Argos; and many centuries before her father; near a thousand years before her brother.

[1101] See Excerpta ex Diodori. l. xl. apud Photium. p. 1152. concerning the different nations in Egypt, and of their migrations from that country.

[1102] Diana says to her father Jupiter,

Δος μοι παρθενιην αιωνιον, Αππα, φυλαξαι,

Και πολυωνυμιην. Callim. H. in Dianam. v. 6.

Παντας επ' ανθρωπους επειη πολυωνυμος εστιν. Homer. Η. in Apoll. v. 82.

Πολλη μεν ανθρωποισι κ' ουκ ανωνυμος

Θεα κεκλημαι Κυπρις. Eurip. Hippolytus. v. 1.

The Egyptian Deities had many titles.

ISIDI. MYRIONYMÆ. Gruter. lxxxiii. n. 11.

[1103] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1104] Scholia. ibid.

[1105] Lycophron. Schol. v. 162.

[1106] Vetus Auctor apud Phavorinum.

[1107] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1070. Harmonia, by the Scholiast upon Apollonius, is styled Νυμφη Ναϊς l. 2. v. 992. The marriage of Cadmus and Harmonia is said to be only a parody of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 323.

[1108] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1068.

[1109] Oraculum Apollinis Sminthei apud Lactantium, D. I. l. 1. c. 8. p. 32. She is styled the mother of the Amazons. Steph. Byzant. Ακμονια.

[1110] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1111] Ibid.

[1112] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1113] Plutarch. Sympos. l. 9. quæst. 13. p. 738.

[1114] Philo apud Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 31.

[1115] Judges. c. 3 v. 3. Hermon was particularly worshipped about Libanus, and Antilibanus, where was the country of the Cadmonites, and Syrian Hivites.

[1116] Lucian de Syriâ Deâ. p. 6.

[1117] Apud Proclum in Timæum. p. 121. See Orpheus. Fragm. p. 403.

[1118] Pyth. Ode 4. p. 237.

[1119] Herodotus. l. 1. c. 173.

[1120] Og, Ogus, Ogenus, Ogugus, Ωγυγης, Ωγενιδαι, all relate to the ocean.

[1121] Ανωτερω δε του Ισμενιου την κρηνην ιδοις αν, ἡντινα Αρεως φασιν ἱεραν ειναι, και δρακοντα ὑπο του Αρεως επιτεταχθαι φυλακα τῃ πηγῃ· προς ταυτη τῃ κρηνῃ ταφος εστι Καανθου· Μελιας δε αδελφον, και Ωκεανου παιδα ειναι Καανθον λεγουσιν σταληναι δε ὑπο του πατρος ζητησαντα ἡρπασμενην την αδελφην κτλ. Pausan. l. 9. p. 730.

[1122] Dicitur Europa fuisse Agenoris Phœnicum Regis, et Meliæ Nymphæ, filia. Natalis Comes. l. 8. p. 481.

[1123] So Phlegyas was said to have fired the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Euseb. Chron. p. 27. Apud Delphos templum Apollinis incendit Phlegyas. Lutatius Placidus upon Statius. Thebaid. l. 1. v. 703. But Phlegyas was the Deity of fire, prior to Apollo and his temple. Apollo is said to have married Coronis the daughter of Phlegyas. Hyginus. f. 161. and by her he had a son Delphus, from whom Delphi had its name. ibid. See Pausan. l. 10. p. 811. The mythologists have made Apollo slay Caanthus: but Caanthus, Cunthus, Cunæthus, were all titles of the same Deity called Chan-Thoth in Egypt.

[1124] Diodorus Siculus. l. 5. p. 331.

[1125] Solinus. l. 17.

[1126] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1127] Palæphatus. p. 22.

[1128] Dionysiaca. l. 1. p. 42. l. 1. p. 38.

[1129] Strabo. l. 12. p. 867.

[1130] See Radicals. p. 95.

[1131] Places sacred to the Sun had the name of Achad, and Achor. Nisibis was so called. In Achor, quæ est Nisibis. Ephraimus Syrus. Et in Achad, quæ nunc dicitur Nisibis. Hieron. See Geograph. Hebræor. Extera. p. 227. of the learned Michaelis.

The Deity, called Achor, and Achad, seems to be alluded to by Isaiah. c. 65. v. 10. and c. 66. v. 17. Achad well known in Syria: Selden de Diis Syris. c. 6. p. 105.

[1132] Hoffman—Academia. Hornius. Hist. Philos. l. 7.

[1133] Και σφι Ἱρα εστι εν Αθηνῃσι ἱδρυμενα, των ουδεν μετα τοισι λοιποισι Αθηναιοισι, αλλα τε κεχωρισμενα των αλλων Ἱρων· και δη και Αχαιϊης Δημητρος Ἱρον τε και οργια. Herod. l. 5. c. 61.

[1134] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 71.

[1135] Diog. Laertius. l. 3. § 6. Hornius says, Academia a Cadmo nomen accepit, non ab Ecademo. l. 7. c. 3. but Ecademus, and Cadmus, were undoubtedly the same person. Harpocration thinks that it took its name from the person, who first consecrated it. Απο του Καθιερωσαντος Ακαδημου.

Ἡ μεν Ακαδημια απο Ἡρωος τινος Ακαδημου κτισαντος τον τοπον. Ulpian upon Demosthen. contra Timocratem.

[1136] Eupolis Comicus: εν Αστροτευτοις apud Laërtium in Vitâ Platonis. l. 3. §. 7.

[1137] Ην γαρ γυμνασιον απο Ακαδημου—περι αυτον δε ησαν ἁι οντως ἱεραι Ελαιαι της Θεου, ἁι καλουνται Μοριαι. Schol. upon Aristoph. Νεφελαι. v. 1001.

[1138] Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 3. c. 35.

[1139] Το δε χωριον ὁ Κεραμικος το μεν ονομα εχει απο Ἡρωος Κεραμου· Διονυσου τε ειναι και Αριαδνης. Pausan. l. 1. p. 8.

[1140] Gruter. Inscrip. p. 57. n. 13.

[1141] Pausan. l. 9. p. 779.

[1142] Athenæus. l. 11. p. 480.

[1143] Pliny. l. 5. c. 29.

[1144] Plutarch. Sympos. l. ix. c. 3. p. 738. Alpha likewise signified a leader: but I imagine, that this was a secondary sense of the word. As Alpha was a leading letter in the alphabet, it was conferred as a title upon any person who took the lead, and stood foremost upon any emergency.

[1145] Pausan. l. 9. p. 733.

[1146] Scholia in Aristoph. Βατραχ. v. 1256.

[1147] Herodot. l. 3. c. 28.

[1148]

Αιγυπτιου Διονυσου

Ευια φοιτητηρος Οσιριδος Οργια φαινων. l. 4. p. 126.

[1149]

Πατριδος αστυ πολισσον ***

** βαρυγουνον ἑον ποδ* **. Nonnus l. 4. p. 130*.

[1150] L. 4. p. 128.

[1151] Vossius de Idol. vol.3. Comment. in Rabbi M. Maimonidem de Sacrificiis. p. 76.

[1152] Justin Martyr. 1. Apolog. p. 60.

See Radicals. p. 59.

[1153] Europa was the same as Rhea, and Astarte. Lucian. Dea Syria.

[1154] Hence Nonnus alluding to the Tauric oracle, which Cadmus followed, calls it Assyrian: by this is meant Babylonian; for Babylonia was in aftertimes esteemed a portion of Assyria.

Ασσυριην δ' αποειπε τεης ἡγητορα πομπης. l. 4. p. 128.

[1155] Eusebius. P. E. l. 1. c. 10. p. 40.

[1156] Appian de Bello Syriac. p. 125.

Stephanus. Oropus.

[1157] Pliny. l. 5. c. 25.

[1158] Isidorus Characenus, apud Georgr. Vet. v. 2.

[1159] Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 680.

[1160] See D'Anville's Map of Syria.

[1161] Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 4. p. 305.

[1162] Judges. c. 3. v. 1, 3.

[1163] Genesis. c. 10. v. 17.

[1164] Joshua. c.9. v. 3. and 7.

[1165] Joshua. c. 15. v. 9. and c. 18. v. 25, 26.

[1166] Eusebii. Chron. p. 27.

[1167] Cadmus is called Καδμων. Steph. Byzant. Ιλλυρια. Berkelius has altered it to Καδμος, though he confesses, that it is contrary to the evidence of every Edition and MSS.

[1168] Concerning Hivite Colonies, see backward. vol. 2. p. 207.

[1169] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 327. 329.

[1170] Ibid.

[1171] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 83.

There was Oropia as well as Elopia in Eubœa. Steph. Byzant. Oropus in Macedonia. Ibid. Also in Syria: Orobii Transpadani. Europus near Mount Hæmus. Ptolemy. Europa in Epirus. Ibid.

[1172] Strabo. l. 9. p. 619.

[1173] Suidas. Epaminondas.

[1174] Pausanias. l. 10. p. 863.

[1175] Both Menelaus and Agamemnon were antient titles of the chief Deity. The latter is supposed to have been the same as Zeus, Æther, and Cœlus. He seems to have been worshipped under the symbol of a serpent with three heads. Hence Homer has given to his hero of this name a serpent for a device, both upon his breastplate, and upon his baldrick.

Της δ' εξ αργυρεος τελαμων ην, αυταρ επ' αυτῳ

Κυανεος ελελικτο δρακων· κεφαλαι δε ὁι ησαν

Τρεις αμφιστεφεες, ἑνος αυχενος εκπεφυυιαι. Iliad. Λ. v. 38.

[1176] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499.

Aornon, and an oracular temple in Thesprotia. Pausanias. l. 9. p. 768.

[1177] Και εν Αιγυπτῳ Ακανθος, Μεμφιδος απεχουσα σταδιους τριακοσιους εικοσι·—εστι δε ἡ Αθαμανιας. Steph. Byzant.

[1178] Ειτα μετα τουτον εισιν ΟΡΕΙΤΑΙ λεγομενοι. Dicæarchus. Geog. Vet. vol. 2. p. 3. v. 45.

[1179] L. 2. c. 57, 58.

[1180] Κατα Βουθρωτον Φοινικη. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. It was a place of great note. Polybius. l. 1. p. 94, 95.

[1181] Cæsar de Bello Civili. l. 3. c. 6.

[1182] Lucan. l. 5. v. 458.

[1183] Κομαρας. Strabo. l. 7. p. 500. The same observable in India-Petra Aornon near Comar. Arrian. Exped. p. 191. and Indic. p. 319.

[1184] Steph. Byzant.

[1185] Τεκμων πολις Θεσπρωτων. Steph. Byzant. See T. Livius. l. 45. c. 26.

[1186] 2 Samuel. c. 23. v. 8. In our version rendered the Tachmonite, chief among the captains.

[1187] Victoria ad Comum parta. T. Livius. l. 33. c. 36.

[1188] Gurtler. l. 2. p. 597.

[1189] Also a city Conope, by Stephanus placed in Acarnania.

[1190] Antoninus Liberalis. c. 12. p. 70. A city Conopium was also to be found upon the Palus Mæotis. Steph. Byzant.

[1191] Plin. l. 3. c. 16. The Cadmians of Liguria came last from Attica and Bœotia: hence we find a river Eridanus in these parts, as well as in the former country. Ποταμοι δε Αθηναιοις ῥεουσιν Ἑιλισσος τε, και Ηριδανῳ τῳ Κελτικῳ κατα αυτα ονομα εχων. κ. λ. Pausan. l. 1. p. 45.

[1192] Vol. 1. p. 376.

[1193] Lucan. l. 3. v. 187. The same is mentioned by the poet Dionysius.

Κεινον δ αυ περι κολπον ιδοις περικυδεα τυμβον,

Τυμβον, ὁν Ἁρμονιης, Καδμοιο τε φημις ενισπει,

Κειθε γαρ εις Οφιων σκολιον γενος ηλλαξαντο. v. 390.

[1194] Geog. Vet. vol. 1. p. 9. Here were Πετραι Πλαγται.

[1195] Nonni Dionys. l. 44. p. 1144.

[1196] Nonnus. l. 25. p. 646.

[1197] Λαινεην ποιησε κορυσσομενην Αριαδνην. Nonnus. l. 44. p. 1242.

[1198] Pausan. l. 9. p. 743.

[1199] See Goltius, Vaillant, and Suidas, Ἡρακλης.

[1200] —— λιθοις χωριον περιεχομενον λογασιν Οφεως καλουσιν ὁι Θηβαιοι κεφαλην. Pausan. l. 9. p. 747.

[1201] Pausan. l. 7. p. 579.

[1202] Τιμας θεων αντι αγαλματων ειχον αργοι λιθοι. Ibid.

[1203] Καδμος Φοινιξ λιθοτομιαν εξευρε, και μεταλλα χρυσου τα περι το Παγκαιον επενοησεν ορος. Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 363. See Natalis Comes of Cadmus.

[1204] Nonnus. Dionys. l. 4. p. 128.

[1205] Clemens. Alex. l. 6. p. 753.

[1206] Styled παιδες Ἡλιου by Diodorus. l. 5. p. 327.

[1207] Diodorus. l. 5. p. 328.

[1208] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 109.

[1209] Η τον Θοραιον, Πτωον, Ωριτην, θεον. Lycophron. v. 352.

[1210] Scholiast. Ibid.

[1211] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683.

[1212] Quæstiones Græcæ. p. 296.

[1213] Strabo. l. 10. p. 685.

[1214] Harpocration.

[1215] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. Polybius. l. 11. p. 627.

[1216] Εν τῃ Ωριᾳ καλουμενῃ της Ἱστιαιωτιδος. Strabo. l. 10. p. 683.

Oria is literally the land of Ur.

[1217] Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. He mentions a domestic quarrel among some of this family, and adds, τους Ωριτας—πολεμουμενους ὑπο των Ελλοπιεων, that the Oritæ were attacked by the Ellopians.

[1218] Antoninus Liberalis. c. 25. p. 130.

[1219] Ἡ Ὑρια δε της Ταναγρικης νυν εστι, προτερον δε της Θηβαϊδος, ὁπου ὁ Ὑριος μεμυθευται, και ἡ του Ωριωνος γενεσις. Strabo. l. 9. p. 620. He is called Ὑριευς by Euphorion. See Homer. Σ. Scholia. v. 486.

[1220] Εστι και Ωριωνος μνημα εν Ταναγρα. Pausan. l. 9. p. 749.

[1221] Εστι δ' ἡ μεν Ὑρια προς τον Ευριπον. Steph. Byzant.

[1222] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 181.

[1223] Europus is the same as Oropus, and signifies Orus Pytho. Ops, Opis, Opus, Opas, all signify a serpent. Zeus was the same as Orus and Osiris; hence styled Europus, and Europas; which Homer has converted to Ευρυοπας, and accordingly styles Jupiter Ευρυοπα Ζευς.

[1224] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245. ειναι δε αυτους Ὑραιου παιδας.

[1225] L. 2. c. 4. p. 87.

[1226] Nonnus. l. 4. p. 136.

[1227] Ο γαρ δη χρονος εκεινος ηνεγκεν ανθρωπους χειρων μεν εργοις, και ποδω ταχεσι, και σωματων ῥωμαις, ὡς εοικεν, ὑπερφυους, και ακαματους. Plutarch. in Theseo. p. 3.

[1228] Εστι δε και φυλον τι των Χαλδαιων, και χωρα της Βαβυλωνιας ὑπ' εκεινων οικουμενη, πλησιαζουσα και τοις Αραψι, και τη κατα Περσας λεγομενη θαλαττῃ. Εστι δε και των Χαλδαιων των Αστρονομικων γενη πλειω· και γαρ Ορχηνοι τινες προσαγορευονται. Strabo. l. 16. p. 1074.

[1229] Lucian de Astrolog. p. 987.

[1230] Χους, εξ ὁυ Αιθιοπες. Euseb. Chron. p. 11.

[1231] Πολον μεν γαρ, και γνωμονα, και τα δυωδεκα μερεα της ἡμερης παρα Βαβυλωνιων εμαθον Ἑλληνες. l. 2. c. 109.

[1232] L. 1. p. 32.

[1233] Nonnus. l. 1. p. 38.

[1234] Romæ Inscriptio Vetus.

ΤΟΙΣ ΝΟΜΙΟΙΣ ΘΕΟΙΣ. Gruter. xcii. n. 4.

[1235]

Omne benignum

Virus odoriferis Arabum quod doctus in arvis

Aut Amphrysiaco Pastor de gramine carpsi.

Statii Sylv. l. 1. Soteria. v. 104.

[1236] Ρεα, ἡνικα Ποσειδωνα ετεκε, τον μεν ες ποιμνην καταθεσθαι, διαιτην ενταυθα ἑξοντα μετα των αρνων. Pausan. l. 8. p. 6l3.

[1237] Scholia in Lycophron. v. 879.

[1238] Pausanias. l. 4. p. 337. So also says Eustathius. Ὁι δε φασι τον εκει Δια Αμμωνα κληθηναι απο τινος ὁμωνυμου Ποιμενος, προκαταρξαντος της του Ἱερου ἱδρυσεως. Schol. in Dionys. v. 211.

[1239] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 515.

The same Poet of the nymph Cyrene.

Ενθα δ' Αρισταιον Φοιβῳ τεκεν, ὁν καλεουσιν

Αγρεα, και Νομιον πολυληϊοι Ἁιμονιηεις l. 2. v. 568.

[1240] Syncellus. p. 156.

[1241] Homer. Odyss. l. 1. Pastor Polyphemus of Virgil.

[1242] Macrobii Saturn. l. 1. c. 21. p. 210.

[1243] Hyginus. Fab. 68. Euri, and Eueris Filius. He is by Theocritus styled Μαντις Ευηρειδης. Idyl. 24. v. 70.

[1244] Nonni Dionys. l. 40. p. 1038.

[1245] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 128.

[1246] Cleanthes περι Θρομαχιας, quoted by Plutarch de Flum. Φασις.

[1247] Plutarch de Flum. Ισμηνος.

[1248] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61.

[1249] Plut. de Fluv. Inachus.

[1250] Virgil. Æneid. l. 7. v. 678.

[1251] T. Livius. l. 1. c. 7.

[1252] Virgil. l. 8. v. 198.

[1253] Ἡ Ποιμανδρις εστιν ἡ αυτη τῃ Ταναγρικῃ. Strabo. l. 9. p. 619.

[1254] Ποιμανδρια πολις Βοιωτιας, ἡ και Ταναγρα καλουμενη. Schol. Lycoph. v. 326. Ποιμανδρια is by some interpreted mulctrale: but that was not the original purport of the word.

[1255] Hermes Trismegistus, sive Ποιμανδρης.

[1256] Syncellus. p. 126. Eusebius. Chron. p. 24.

[1257] By which are meant the Syrians, Arabians, and Armenians. Το μεν γαρ των Αρμενιων εθνος, και το των Συρων, και των Αραβων πολλην ὁμοφυλιαν εμφαινει κατα τε την διαλεκτον, και τους βιους, και τους των σωματων χαρακτηρας κτλ.—εικαζειν δε δει και τας των εθνων τουτων κατονομασιας εμφερεις αλληλαις ειναι. Strabo. l. 1. p. 70.

[1258] Zonaras. l. 1. p. 21.

[1259] Tacitus. Hist. l. 5. c. 2.

[1260] It should perhaps be proximas urbes. The same history is alluded to by Eusebius. Επι Απιδος του Φορωνεως μοιρα του Αιγυπτιων στρατου εξεπεσεν Αιγυπτου, ὁι εν Παλαιστινη καλουμενη Συριᾳ ου ποῤῥω Αραβιας ωκησαι. Euseb. Chron. p. 26.

[1261] Lucian de Deâ Syriâ.

[1262] They were in each country styled the mourning for Thamas, and Thamuz.

[1263] Εχουσι δε και αλλο Φοινικες Ἱρον, ουκ Ασσυριον, αλλα Αιγυπτιον, το εξ Ἡλιουπολιος ες την Φοινικην απικετο. κλ. Lucian de Deâ Syriâ.

[1264] In Bœtica they were called Oritani. Strabo. l. 8. p. 204.

There were Oritæ in Epirus. Dicæarchus status Græciæ. Μετα τουτον εισιν Ορειται. p. 4. v. 45.

Oritæ in Persis. Arrian. l. 4. c. 26. also in Gedrosia. See Auctor Peripli Maris Erythræi.

Προς τον δυσιν του Ινδου ποταμου Οριται. Schol. Dionys. v. 1095. Ωριται εθνος Ινδικον. Steph. Byzant. There were Oritæ in Persis, hard by the Cutha of Josephus. Ant. l. 9. c. 4. and c. 15.

[1265] Clemens. Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 382.

[1266] Diodorus Siculus. l. 1. p. 24.

[1267] Ex Diodori. l. xl. apud Photium. p. 1152.

[1268] A similar account is given by the same author. l. 1. p. 24.

[1269] Zonaras. v. 1. p. 22. Also Syncellus. p. 102.

[1270] He is very full upon this head. Contra Apion. l. 1. p. 443. and 444.

[1271] Plato. Critias. vol. 3. p. 110.

[1272] Legatio. p. 279.

[1273] Και απο των ονοματων δε ενιων το βαρβαρον εμφαινεται. Κεκροψ, και Κοδρος, και Αικλος (read Αρκλος) και Κοθος. κ. λ. l. 7. p. 495.