Part XII. In the Shadow with Jesus

Tuesday afternoon to Thursday night of Passion Week, A.D. 30 (or 29). Jerusalem.

§§ 139-152. Jesus now seeks to prepare the disciples for the tragedy of His death and for carrying on His work after His departure.

§ 139. Sitting on the Mount of Olives, Jesus Speaks to His Disciples About the Destruction of Jerusalem, and His Own Second Coming, in Apocalyptic Language. The Great Eschatological DISCOURSEa

(Tuesday Afternoon)

a This great discourse has as its background the death of Christ. Further on as part punishment for this crime lies the destruction of Jerusalem. This catastrophe is itself a symbol of the end of the world and in one sense a coming of Christ in power and judgment. But Christ boldly predicts his own personal return to earth, though the time is not revealed. But he does exhort an expectant attitude toward the promises of his coming and readiness for his return which will be at an unexpected hour. Jesus employs the common Jewish apocalyptic imagery to portray this most difficult subject. Some scholars insist that Jesus was himself merely a wild enthusiast who was carried away by the Messianic hopes of his people, but that is a one-sided and distorted view of Christ's life and ignores the great mass of his ethical teaching. It forgets also that Jesus has a world program of conquest and of power. The various aspects of the discourse are not kept distinct. Some think that the Gospels have misunderstood or misrepresented Jesus in this discourse. But we can catch the general drift of the teaching and leave alone minute details of time and place against which Jesus himself warned us.

Mark 13:1-37 Matt. 24 and 25 Luke 21:5-36

1 Occasion
of the
Prophecy
about the
Destruction of
the Temple.

2 Inquiry for
Further Light
from Peter
and James
and John and
Andrew on
Christ's Second
Coming
and the End
of the World.

3 Sign of the
Destruction of
Jerusalem.

4 False
Christs and
the Second
Coming.

Parable of
the Fig Tree.

5 Readiness
urged by
Series of
Parables.

Parable of
the Porter 1 And as he
went forth out
of the temple,
one of his
disciples saith
unto him,
Master, behold,
what manner
of stones and
what manner
of buildings!

2 And Jesus said
unto him, Seest
thou these
great buildings?
there
shall not be
left here one
stone upon
another, which
shall not be
thrown down.
3 And as he
sat on the
mount of
Olives over
against the
temple, Peter
and James and
John and
Andrew asked
him privately,
4 Tell us, when
shall these
things be? and
what shall be
the sign when
these things are
all about to be
accomplished?
5 And
Jesus began to
say unto them,
Take heed that
no man lead
you astray.
6 Many shall
come in my
name, saying,
I am he; and
shall lead
many astray.
7 And when ye
shall hear of
wars and
rumours of
wars, be not
troubled: these
things must
needs come to
pass; but the
end is not yet.
8 For nation
shall rise
against nation,
and kingdom
against
kingdom: there
shall be
earthquakes in
divers places;
there shall be
famines:

these
things are the
beginning of
travail [see
Isa. 19:2].
9 But take ye
heed to
yourselves: for
they shall deliver
you up to
councils; and
in synagogues
shall ye be
beaten; and
before governors
and kings
shall ye stand
for my sake,
for a
testimony
unto them.
10 And the gospel
must first be
preached unto
all the nations.
11 And when
they lead you
to judgement,
and deliver
you up, be not
anxious
beforehand what
ye shall speak:
but whatsoever
shall be given
you in that
hour, that
speak ye: for
it is not ye
that speak,
but the Holy
Ghost. 12 And
brother shall
deliver up
brother to
death, and the
father his
child; and
children shall
rise up against
parents, and
cause them
to be put to
death [see Micah
7:6]. 13 And
ye shall be
hated of all
men for my
name's sake:

but he that
endureth to
the end, the
same shall be
saved.

14 But when
ye see the
abomination of
desolation
standing where
he ought not

(let him that
readeth
understand),

then let them
that are in Judea
flee unto
the mountains:
15 and let him
that is on the
housetop not
go down, nor
enter in, to
take anything
out of his
house: 16 and let
him that is in
the field not
return back to
take his cloke.

17 But woe unto
them that are
with child and
to them that
give suck in
those days!
18 And pray ye
that it be not
in the winter.
19 For those
days shall be
tribulation, such
as there hath
not been the
like from the
beginning of
the creation
which God
created until
now, and never
shall be. 20 And
except the
Lord had
shortened the
days, no flesh
would have
been saved:
but for the
elect's sake,
whom he
chose, he
shortened the
days.

21 And then if
any man shall
say unto you,
Lo, here is the
Christ; or, Lo,
there; believe
it not: 22 for
there shall
arise false
Christs and
false prophets,
and shall shew
signs and
wonders, that
they may lead
astray, if possible,
the elect.
23 But take ye
heed: behold,
I have told
you all things
beforehand.

24 But in those
days, after
that tribulation,
the sun shall
be darkened,
and the
moon shall not
give her light,
25 and the stars
shall be falling
from heaven,

and
the powers
that are in the
heavens shall
be shaken.

26 And then
shall they see
the Son of man
coming in
clouds with
great power
and glory. 27 And
then shall he
send forth the
angels, and
shall gather
together his elect
from the four
winds, from
the uttermost
part of the
earth to the
uttermost part
of heaven.

28 Now from
the fig tree
learn her parable:
when her
branch is now
become tender,
and putteth
forth its
leaves, ye know
that the summer
is nigh;
29 even so ye
also, when ye
see these
things coming
to pass, know
ye that he is
nigh, even at
the doors.
30 Verily I say
unto you, This
generation shall
not pass away,
until all these
things be
accomplished.
31 Heaven and
earth shall
pass away: but
my words shall
not pass away.
32 But of that
day or that
hour knoweth
no one, not
even the angels
in heaven,
neither the
Son, but the
Father.

33 Take ye
heed, watch
and pray: for
ye know not
when the time
is. 34 It is as
when a man,
sojourning in
another country,
having left
his house, and
given authority
to his servants,
to each
one his work,
commanded
also the
porter to

watch. 35 Watch
therefore: for
ye know not
when the lord
of the house
cometh,
whether at
even, or at
midnight, or at
cockcrowing,
or in the
morning; 36 lest
coming suddenly
he find you
sleeping. 37 And
what I say unto
you I say unto
all, Watch. 1 And Jesus
went out from
the temple, and
was going on
his way; and
his disciples
came to him
to shew him
the buildings
of the temple.
2 But he
answered and
said unto
them, See ye
not all these
things? verily
I say unto
you, There
shall not be
left here one
stone upon
another, that
shall not be
thrown down.
3 And as he
sat on the
mount of
Olives, the
disciples came
unto him
privately, saying,

Tell us, when
shall these
things be? and
what shall be
the sign of thy
coming, and
of the end of
the world?
4 And Jesus
answered and
said unto
them, Take
heed that no
man lead you
astray. 5 For
many shall
come in my
name, saying,
I am the
Christ; and
shall lead
many astray.
6 And ye shall
hear of wars
and rumours of
wars: see that ye
be not troubled:
for these
things must
needs come to
pass; but the
end is not yet.
7 For nation
shall rise
against nation,
and kingdom
against
kingdom: and
there shall be
famines and
earthquakes in
divers places.

8 But
all these things
are the beginning
of travail.

9 Then shall
they deliver
you up unto
tribulation,
and shall kill
you:
and ye
shall be hated
of all the
nations for my
name's sake.

10 And then
shall many
stumble, and
shall deliver
up one
another, and
shall hate one
another.

11 And many
false prophets
shall arise, and
shall lead
many astray.
12 And because
iniquity shall
be multiplied,
the love of the
many shall wax
cold. 13 But he
that endureth
to the end, the
same shall be
saved. 14 And
this gospel of
the kingdom
shall be
preached in
the whole
world for a
testimony unto
all the nations;
and then
shall the end
come.
15 When
therefore ye see
the abomination
of desolation,
which was
spoken of by
Daniel the
prophet [see
Dan. 9:27;
11:31; 12:11],
standing in
the holy place
(let him that
readeth
understand),

16 then let them
that are in Judea
flee unto
the mountains:
17 let him
that is on the
housetop not
go down to
take out the
things that
are in his
house: 18 and let
him that is in
the field not
return back to
take his cloke.

19 But
woe unto them
that are with
child and to
them that give
suck in those
days! 20 And
pray ye that
your flight be
not in the
winter, neither
on a sabbath:
21 for then shall
be great
tribulation, such
as hath not been
from the
beginning of the
world until
now, no, nor
ever shall be
[see Dan. 12:1].
22 And except
those days had
been shortened,
no flesh
would have
been saved:
but for the
elect's sake
those days shall
be shortened.

23 Then if
any man shall
say unto you,
Lo, here is the
Christ, or,
Here; believe
it not. 24 For
there shall
arise false
Christs, and
false prophets,
and shall shew
great signs and
wonders; so as
to lead astray,
if possible, even
the elect [see
Deut. 13:1].
25 Behold, I
have told you
beforehand. 26 If
therefore they
shall say unto
you, Behold,
he is in the
wilderness; go
not forth:
Behold, he is
in the inner
chambers;
believe it not.
27 For as the
lightning cometh
forth from
the east, and
is seen even
unto the west;
so shall be the
coming of the
Son of man.
28 Wheresoever
the carcase is,
there will the
eagles be
gathered
together.
29 But immedi-
ately, after
the tribulation
of those days,
the sun shall
be darkened,
and the moon
shall not give
her light, and
the stars shall
fall from heaven,

and the
powers of the
heavens shall
be shaken:
30 and then shall
appear the
sign of the Son
of man in
heaven [see
Zech. 12:12]:
and then shall
all the tribes
of the earth
mourn, and
they shall see
the Son of man
coming on the
clouds of heaven
with power
and great
glory. 31 And he
shall send
forth his angels
with a
great sound of
a trumpet, and
they shall
gather together
his elect
from the four
winds, from
one end of
heaven to the
other.

32 Now from
the fig tree
learn her parable:
when her
branch is now
become tender,
and putteth
forth its
leaves, ye
know that the
summer is
nigh; 33 even so
ye also, when
ye see all these
things, know
ye that he is
nigh, even at
the doors.
34 Verily I say
unto you, This
generation shall
not pass away,
till all these
things be
accomplished.
35 Heaven and
earth shall
pass away, but
my words shall
not pass away.
36 But of that
day and hour
knoweth no
one, not even
the angels of
heaven,
neither the
Son, but the
Father only.
37 And as were
the days of
Noah, so shall
be the coming
of the Son of
man [see Gen.
6:11-13; 7:7,
21-23]. 38 For
as in those
days which
were before
the flood they
were eating
and drinking,
marrying and
giving in
marriage, until the
day that Noah
entered into
the ark, 39 and
they knew not
until the flood
came, and took
them all away;
so shall be the
coming of the
Son of man.
40 Then shall two
men be in the
field; one is
taken, and one
is left: 41 two
women shall
be grinding
at the mill;
one is taken,
and one is left.

42 Watch
therefore: for ye
know not on
what day your
Lord cometh. 5 And as some
spake of the
temple, how it
was adorned
with goodly
stones and
offerings, he
said, 6 As for
these things
which ye
behold,

the
days will come,
in which there
shall not be
left here one
stone upon
another, that
shall not be
thrown down.

7 And they
asked him,
saying, Master,
when therefore
shall these
things be? and
what shall be
the sign when
these things
are about to
come to pass?
8 And he said,
Take heed
that ye be not
led astray: for
many shall
come in my
name, saying,
I am he; and,
The time is at
hand: go ye
not after them.
9 And when ye
shall hear of
wars and
tumults, be not
terrified: for
these things
must needs
come to pass
first; but the
end is not
immediately.
10 Then said
he unto them,
Nation shall
rise against
nation, and
kingdom
against kingdom:
11 and there
shall be great
earthquakes,
and in divers
places famines
and pestilences;
and
there shall be
terrors and
great signs
from heaven.

12 But before
all these
things, they
shall lay their
hands on you,
and shall
persecute you,
delivering you
up to the
synagogues
and prisons,
bringing you
before kings
and governors
for my name's
sake. 13 It shall
turn unto you
for a testimony.

14 Settle it
therefore in
your hearts,
not to meditate
beforehand
how to
answer: 15 for I
will give you
a mouth and
wisdom, which
all your
adversaries shall
not be able to
withstand or
to gainsay.
16 But ye shall
be delivered
up even by
parents, and
brethren, and
kinsfolk, and
friends; and
some of you
shall they
cause to be put
to death. 17 And
ye shall be
hated of all
men for my
name's sake.
18 And not a hair
of your head
shall perish.
19 In your
patience ye shall
win your
souls.

20 But
when ye see
Jerusalem
compassed with
armies, then
know that her
desolation is at
hand. 21 Then
let them that
are in Judea
flee unto the
mountains;
and let them
that are in the
midst of her
depart out; and
let not them
that are in the
country enter
therein.

22 For these
are days of
vengeance,
that all things
which are
written may be
fulfilled. 23 Woe
unto them
that are with
child and to
them that give
suck in those
days!

for there
shall be great
distress upon
the land, and
wrath unto
this people.
24 And they
shall fall by the
edge of the
sword, and
shall be led
captive into all
nations: and
Jerusalem
shall be trodden
down of
the Gentiles,
until the times
of the Gentiles
be fulfilled.

25 And there
shall be signs
in sun and
moon and
stars; and upon
the earth
distress of
nations, in
perplexity for
the roaring of
the sea and the
billows; 26 men
fainting for
fear, and for
expectation of
the things
which are
coming on the
world: for the
powers of the
heavens shall
be shaken [see
Isa. 13:9-10;
Ezek. 32:7-8;
Joel 2:1-2,
10-11, 30-31;
Amos 8:9;
Zeph. 1:14-16].

27 And then
shall they see
the Son of man
coming in a
cloud with
power and
great glory. [see
Dan. 7:13-14
(Septuagint)]

28 But
when these
things begin to
come to pass,
look up, and
lift up your
heads; because
your redemption
draweth nigh.
[see Deut. 30:4
(Septuagint);
Isa. 27:12-13;
Zech. 2:6
(Septuagint)]
29 And he
spake to them
a parable:
Behold the fig
tree, and all
trees: 30 when
they now
shoot forth,
ye see it and
know of your
own selves
that the summer
is now
nigh. 31 Even
so ye also,
when ye see
these things
coming to
pass, know ye
that the kingdom
of God is
nigh. 32 Verily
I say unto
you, This
generation shall
not pass away,
till all things be
accomplished.
33 Heaven
and earth shall
pass away: but
my words shall
not pass away.

34 But take
heed to
yourselves, lest
haply your
hearts be
overcharged with
surfeiting, and
drunkenness,
and cares of
this life, and
that day come
on you
suddenly as a
snare: 35 for so
shall it come
upon all them
that dwell on
the face of all
the earth.
36 But
watch ye at
every season,
making
supplication,
that ye may
prevail to escape
all these things
that shall
come to pass,
and to stand
before the Son
of man.

Parable of
the Master of
the House.

Parable of
the Faithful
Servant and
of the Evil
Servant.

Matt. 24 and 25
43 But know this, that if the master of the house had
known in what watch the thief was coming, he would
have watched, and would not have suffered his house to
be broken through. 44 Therefore be ye also ready: for
in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh.
45 Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom
his lord hath set over his household, to give them their
food in due season? 46 Blessed is that servant, whom
his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. 47 Verily I
say unto you, that he will set him over all that he hath.
48 But if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord
tarrieth; 49 and shall begin to beat his fellow-servants,
and shall eat and drink with the drunken;
50 the lord of that servant shall come in a day when
he expecteth not, and in an hour when he knoweth not,
51 and shall cut him asunder, and appoint his portion
with the hypocrites: there shall be the weeping and
gnashing of teeth.

Gr. presence.

Or, the consummation of the age.

Or, these good tidings.

Gr. inhabited earth.

Or, through.

Or, a holy place.

Or, him.

Or, them.

Or, vultures.

Many ancient authorities read with a great trumpet, and they shall gather &c.

Or, a trumpet of great sound.

Or, it.

Many authorities, some ancient, omit neither the Son.

Or, But this ye know.

Gr. digged through.

Gr. bondservant.

Or, severely scourge him.

Or, Teacher.

Or, put them to death.

Some ancient authorities omit and pray.

Gr. bondservants.

Gr. you being brought.

Or, shall they put to death.

Or, lives.

Or, earth.

Or, expiring.

Gr. the inhabited earth.

Matt. chap. 25

Parable of
the Ten
Virgins.

Parable of
the Talents.

6 Picture of
the Judgment
with Parable
of the Sheep
and the
Goats. 1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto
ten virgins, which took their lamps, and went forth
to meet the bridegroom. 2 And five of them were
foolish, and five were wise. 3 For the foolish, when
they took their lamps, took no oil with them: 4 but the
wise took oil in their vessels with their lamps. 5 Now
while the bridegroom tarried, they all slumbered and
slept. 6 But at midnight there is a cry, Behold, the
bridegroom! Come ye forth to meet him. 7 Then all
those virgins arose, and trimmed their lamps.
8 And the foolish said unto the wise, Give us of your
oil; for our lamps are going out. 9 But the wise
answered, saying, Peradventure there will not be enough
for us and you: go ye rather to them that sell, and buy
for yourselves. 10 And while they went away to buy,
the bridegroom came; and they that were ready went
in with him to the marriage feast: and the door was
shut. 11 Afterward, come also the other virgins, saying,
Lord, Lord, open to us. 12 But he answered and said,
Verily I say unto you, I know you not. 13 Watch
therefore, for ye know not the day nor the hour.

14 For it is as when a man, going into another country,
called his own servants, and delivered unto them his
goods. 15 And unto one he gave five talents, to another
two, to another one; to each according to his several
ability; and he went on his journey. 16 Straightway he
that received the five talents went and traded with
them, and made other five talents. 17 In like manner
he also that received the two gained other two. 18 But
he that received the one went away and digged in the
earth, and hid his lord's money. 19 Now after a long
time the lord of those servants cometh, and maketh
a reckoning with them. 20 And he that received the
five talents came and brought other five talents, saying,
Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: lo,
I have gained other five talents. 21 His lord said unto
him, Well done, good and faithful servant: thou hast
been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over
many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 22 And
he also that received the two talents came and said,
Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: lo, I have
gained other two talents. 23 His lord said unto him,
Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been
faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many
things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 24 And he
also that had received the one talent came and said,
Lord, I knew thee that thou art a hard man, reaping
where thou didst not sow, and gathering where thou
didst not scatter: 25 and I was afraid, and went away
and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, thou hast thine
own. 26 But his lord answered and said unto him,
Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that
I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I did not
scatter; 27 thou oughtest therefore to have put my money
to the bankers, and at my coming I should have
received back mine own with interest. 28 Take ye away
therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him
that hath the ten talents. 29 For unto every one that
hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance:
but from him that hath not, even that which he hath
shall be taken away. 30 And cast ye out the unprofitable
servant into the outer darkness: there shall be
the weeping and gnashing of teeth.

31 But when the Son of man shall come in his glory,
and all the angels with him [see Zech. 14:5], then
shall he sit on the throne of his glory: 32 and before him
shall be gathered all the nations: and he shall separate
them one from another, as the shepherd separateth
the sheep from the goats; 33 and he shall set the sheep
on his right hand, but the goats on the left. 34 Then
shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come,
ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom
prepared for you from the foundation of the world:
35 for I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was
thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and
ye took me in; 36 naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick,
and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto
me. 37 Then shall the righteous answer him, saying,
Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and fed thee?
or athirst, and gave thee drink? 38 And when saw we
thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and
clothed thee? 39 And when saw we thee sick, or in
prison, and came unto thee? 40 And the King shall
answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you,
Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren,
even these least, ye did it unto me. 41 Then shall he
say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me,
ye cursed, into the eternal fire which is prepared for
the devil and his angels: 42 for I was an hungred, and
ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me
no drink: 43 I was a stranger, and ye took me not in;
naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and in prison, and
ye visited me not. 44 Then shall they also answer,
saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, or athirst,
or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did
not minister unto thee? 45 Then shall he answer them,
saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did
it not unto one of these least, ye did it not unto me.
46 And these shall go away into eternal punishment:
but the righteous into eternal life [see Dan. 12:2].

Or, torches.

Gr. bondservants.

Gr. bondservant.

Gr. kids.

Or, Depart from me under a curse.

§ 140. Jesus Predicts His Crucifixion Two Days Hence (Jewish Friday)

Probably at Bethany on Tuesday evening (beginning of Jewish Wednesday). The Rulers in Jerusalem plot His death

Mark 14:1-2 Matt. 26:1-5 Luke 22:1-2

1 Now after two
days was the feast of
the passover and the
unleavened bread:

and
the chief priests and
the scribes

sought
how they might take
him with subtilty,
and kill him: 2 for they
said, Not during the
feast, lest haply there
shall be a tumult of
the people. 1 And it came to
pass, when Jesus had
finished all these
words, he said unto his
disciples, 2 Ye know
that after two days
the passover cometh,
and the Son of man
is delivered up to be
crucified. 3 Then were
gathered together the
chief priests, and the
elders of the people,
unto the court of the
high priest, who was
called Caiaphas; 4 and
they took counsel
together that they
might take Jesus by
subtilty, and kill him.
5 But they said, Not
during the feast, lest
a tumult arise among
the people. 1 Now the feast of
unleavened bread
drew nigh, which is
called the Passover.

2 And the
chief priests and the

scribes sought how
they might put him
to death; for they

feared the people.

§ 141. At the Feast in the House of Simon the Leper Mary of Bethany Anoints Jesus for His Burial

At Bethany (Tuesday evening, Jewish Wednesday)

Mark 14:3-9 Matt. 26:6-13 John 12:2-8

3 And while he was
in Bethany in the
house of Simon the
leper, as he sat at
meat, there came a
woman having an
alabaster cruse of
ointment of spikenard
very costly; and
she brake the cruse,
and poured it over
his head. 4 But there
were some that had
indignation among
themselves, saying,
To what purpose hath
this waste of the
ointment been made?
5 For this ointment
might have been sold
for above three
hundred pence, and
given to the poor.
And they murmured
against her. 6 But
Jesus said, Let her
alone; why trouble ye
her? she hath wrought
a good work on me.
7 For ye have the poor
always with you, and
whensoever ye will
ye can do them good:
but me ye have not
always. 8 She hath
done what she could:
she hath anointed my
body aforehand for
the burying. 9 And
verily I say unto you,
Wheresoever the gospel
shall be preached
throughout the whole
world, that also which
this woman hath done
shall be spoken of for
a memorial of her. 6 Now when Jesus
was in Bethany, in
the house of Simon
the leper, 7 there came
unto him a woman
having an alabaster
cruse of exceeding
precious ointment,
and she poured it
upon his head, as he
sat at meat. 8 But
when the disciples
saw it, they had
indignation, saying,

To what
purpose is this waste?
9 For this ointment
might have been sold
for much, and given
to the poor.

10 But Jesus perceiving
it said unto them,
Why trouble ye the
woman? for she hath
wrought a good work
upon me. 11 For ye
have the poor always
with you; but me you
have not always.
12 For in that she poured
this ointment upon
my body, she did it to
prepare me for burial.
13 Verily I say unto you,
Wheresoever this gospel
shall be preached
in the whole world,
that also which this
woman hath done
shall be spoken of for
a memorial of her. 2 So they made him
a supper there: and
Martha served; but
Lazarus was one of
them that sat at meat
with him. 3 Marya
therefore took a
pound of ointment
of spikenard, very
precious, and anointed
the feet of Jesus,
and wiped his feet
with her hair: and the
house was filled with
the odour of the
ointment. 4 But Judas
Iscariot, one of his
disciples, which
should betray him,
saith, 5 Why was not
this ointment sold for
three hundred pence,
and given to the
poor? 6 Now this he
said, not because he
cared for the poor;
but because he was a
thief, and having the
bag took away what
was put therein.
7 Jesus therefore said,
Suffer her to keep
it against the day of
my burying. 8 For
the poor ye have
always with you; but
me ye have not
always.

Or, a flask.

Gr. pistic nard, pistic being perhaps a local name. Some take it to mean genuine; others, liquid.

The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.

Or, box.

Or, carried what was put therein.

Or, Let her alone: it was that she might keep it.

a This anointing has nothing in common with that given by Luke (§ 59), except the fact of a woman anointing the Saviour's feet, and the name Simon, which was common. The former was in Galilee, this is at Bethany near Jerusalem. There the host despised the woman who anointed, here her brother is one of the guests, and her sister an active attendant. There the woman was "a sinner," a notoriously bad woman, here it is the devout Mary who "sat at the Lord's feet and heard his word" months before (§ 104). There the host thought strange that Jesus allowed her to touch him, here the disciples complain of the waste. There the Saviour gave assurance of forgiveness, here of perpetual and world-wide honor. Especially notice that here the woman who anoints is anticipating his speedy death and burial, of which at the former time he had never distinctly spoken. In view of all these differences it is absurd to represent the two anointings as the same, and outrageous on such slender ground to cast reproach on Mary of Bethany.

§ 142. Judas, Stung by the Rebuke of Jesus at the Feast, Bargains with the Rulers to Betray Jesus

Tuesday Night in Jerusalem

Mark 14:10-11 Matt. 26:14-16 Luke 22:3-6

10 And Judas Iscariot,
he that was one of
the twelve, went away

unto the chief priests,

that he might deliver
him unto them.

11 And
they, when they
heard it, were glad,
and promised to give
him money.

And he
sought how he might
conveniently deliver
him unto them. 14 Then one of the
twelve, who was
called Judas Iscariot,

went unto the chief
priests, 15 and said,

What are ye willing
to give me, and I will
deliver him unto you?

And they weighed
unto him thirty pieces
of silver [see Zech.
11:12]. 16 And from
that time he sought
opportunity to
deliver him unto
them. 3 And Satan entered
into Judas who was
called Iscariot, being
of the number of the
twelve. 4 And he went
away, and communed
with the chief priests
and captains, how he
might deliver him
unto them.

5 And they
were glad, and
covenanted to give
him money. 6 And he
consented,

and
sought opportunity
to deliver him unto
them in the absence
of the multitude.

Gr. the one of the twelve.

Or, without tumult.

§ 143. The Preparation for the Paschal Meal at the Home of a Friend (Possibly That of John Mark's Father and Mother)

Jerusalem, Thursdaya afternoon. (A Day of Preparation)

Mark 14:12-16 Matt. 26:17-19 Luke 22:7-13

12 And on the first
day of unleavened
bread, when they
sacrificed the passover,
his disciples say
unto him, Where wilt
thou that we go and
make ready that thou
mayest eat the passover
[see Ex. 12:18-20]?
13 And he sendeth
two of his disciples,
and saith unto them,

Go into
the city, and there
shall meet you a man
bearing a pitcher of
water: follow him;
14 and wheresoever he
shall enter in, say to
the goodman of the
house, The Master
saith, Where is my
guest-chamber, where
I shall eat the passover
with my disciples?
15 And he will himself
shew you a large
upper room furnished
and ready: and
there make ready for
us. 16 And the disciples
went forth, and came
into the city, and
found as he had said
unto them: and they
made ready the
passover. 17 Now on the first
day of unleavened
bread the disciples
came to Jesus,
saying,
Where wilt thou
that we make ready
for thee to eat the
passover? 18 And he
said,

Go into the city
to such a man, and
say unto him,

The
Master saith, My
time is at hand; I
keep the passover at
thy house with my
disciples.

19 And
the disciples did as
Jesus appointed them;

and they made
ready the passover. 7 And the day of
unleavened bread
came, on which the
passover must be
sacrificed.

8 And he sent
Peter and John, saying,
Go and make ready
for us the passover,
that we may
eat. 9 And they said
unto him, Where wilt
thou that we make
ready? 10 And he said
unto them, Behold,
when ye are entered
into the city, there
shall meet you a man
bearing a pitcher of
water; follow him into
the house whereinto
he goeth. 11 And
ye shall say unto the
goodman of the
house, The Master
saith unto thee,
Where is the
guest-chamber, where I
shall eat the passover
with my disciples?
12 And he will shew you
a large upper room
furnished: there make
ready.

13 And they went, and

found as he had said
unto them: and they
made ready the
passover.

Or, Teacher.

a Wednesday (A Day of Rest) was apparently spent with the disciples in retirement in Bethany. Thursday was spent wholly with the disciples till the arrest in Gethsemane after midnight.

§ 144. Jesus Partakes of the Paschal Meal with the Twelve Apostles and Rebukes Their Jealousy

Jerusalem, Thursday evening after sunset (beginning of Jewish Friday)

Mark 14:17 Matt. 26:20 Luke 22:14-16, 24-30

17 And when it was
evening he cometh
with the twelve. 20 Now when even
was come, he was
sitting at meat with the
twelve disciples;

14 And when the hour
was come, he sat down,
and the apostles with

him. 15 And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this
passovera with you before I suffer: 16 for I say unto you, I will not eat
it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
24 And there arose also a contention among them, which of them is
accounted to be greatest. 25 And he said unto them, The kings of the
Gentiles have lordship over them; and they that have authority over
them are called Benefactors. 26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is
the greater among you, let him become as the younger; and he that is
chief, as he that doth serve. 27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at
meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am in the
midst of you as he that serveth. 28 But ye are they which have
continued with me in my temptations; 29 and I appoint unto you a
kingdom, even as my Father appointed unto me, 30 that ye may eat
and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones
judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Many authorities, some ancient, omit disciples.

Gr. greater.

Gr. reclineth.

Or, I appoint unto you, even as my Father appointed unto me a kingdom, that ye may eat and drink etc.

a Some regard certain expressions in the Gospel of John as showing that Jesus did not eat the Paschal meal, thus hopelessly contradicting the other Gospels. But no one of John's expressions shows what is supposed, and one of them really indicates the contrary. See note at end of volume. Matthew, Mark, and Luke clearly show that he did eat the regular Passover meal.

§ 145. During the Paschal Meal, Jesus Washes the Feet of His Disciples

Evening before the Crucifixion (our Thursday, Jewish Friday)

John 13:1-20

1 Now beforea the feast of the passover, Jesus knowing that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end. 2 And during supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him, 3 Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came forth from God, and goeth unto God, 4 riseth from supper, and layeth aside his garments; and he took a towel, and girded himself. 5 Then he poureth water into the bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded. 6 So he cometh to Simon Peter. He saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? 7 Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt understand hereafter. 8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me. 9 Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. 10 Jesus saith to him, He that is bathed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all. 11 For he knew him that should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.

12 So when he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, and sat down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you? 13 Ye call me, Master, and, Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. 14 If I then, the Lord and the Master, have washed your feet, ye also ought to wash one another's feet. 15 For I have given you an example, that ye also should do as I have done to you. 16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, A servant is not greater than his lord; neither one that is sent greater than he that sent him. 17 If ye know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them. 18 I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth my bread lifted up his heel against me [see Ps. 41:9]. 19 From henceforth I tell you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he. 20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.

Or, to the uttermost.

Some ancient authorities omit save, and his feet.

Gr. reclined.

Or, Teacher.

Gr. bondservant.

Gr. an apostle.

Or, chose.

Many ancient authorities read his bread with me.

Or, I am.

a It is needlessly inferred that John by this expression means that it was a full day before the passover meal. In fact, the words in verse 2 "during supper" rather imply that "before passover" was just before the meal began.

§ 146. At the Paschal Meal Jesus Points Out Judas as the Betrayer

Thursday evening (Jewish Friday)

Mark 14:18-21 Matt. 26:21-25 Luke 22:21-23 John 13:21-30

18 And as they
sat and were
eating, Jesus
said, Verily I
say unto you,
One of you
shall betray
me, even he
that eateth
with me [see
Ps. 41:9].

19 They
began to be
sorrowful, and
to say unto
him one by
one, Is it I?

20 And he
said unto
them, It is one
of the twelve,
he that dippeth
with me
in the dish.
21 For the Son
of man goeth,
even as it is
written of him:
but woe unto
that man
through whom
the Son of man
is betrayed!
good were it
for that man
if he had not
been born.
21 and as they
were eating, he
said, Verily I
say unto you,
that one of you
shall betray
me.

22 And they
were exceeding
sorrowful,
and began to
say unto him
every one, Is
it I, Lord?
23 And he
answered and
said, He that
dipped his
hand with me
in the dish,
the same shall
betray me.
24 The Son of
man goeth,
even as it is
written of him:
but woe unto
that man
through whom
the Son of man
is betrayed!
good were it
for that man
if he had not
been born. 21 But behold,
the hand of
him that
betrayeth me is
with me on the
table. 22 For the
Son of man
indeed goeth,
as it hath been
determined:
but woe unto
that man
through whom
he is betrayed!
23 And they
began to
question among
themselves,
which of them
it was that
should do this
thing. 21 When Jesus
had thus said,
he was troubled
in the spirit,
and testified,
and said, Verily,
verily, I say
unto you, that
one of you
shall betray
me.

22 The
disciples looked
one on another,
doubting
of whom
he spake.

23 There
was at the
table reclining

25 And
Judas, which
betrayed him,
answered and
said, Is it I,
Rabbi? He
saith unto
him, Thou
hast said. in Jesus' bosom one of his
disciples, whom Jesus loved. 24
Simon Peter therefore beckoneth
to him, and saith unto him, Tell us
who it is of whom he speaketh.
25 He leaning back, as he was, on
Jesus' breast saith unto him,
Lord, who is it? 26 Jesus therefore
answereth, He it is, for whom I
shall dip the sop, and give it him.
So when he had dipped the sop,
he taketh and giveth it to Judas,
the son of Simon Iscariot.

27 And after the sop, then entered
Satan into him. Jesus therefore
saith unto him, That thou doest,
do quickly. 28 Now no man at the
table knew for what intent he
spake this unto him. 29 For some
thought, because Judas had the
bag, that Jesus said unto him, Buy
what things we have need of for
the feast; or, that he should give
something to the poor. 30 He then
having received the sop went out
straightway: and it was night.

Gr. for him if that man.

Gr. reclined.

Or, box.

§ 147. After the Departure of Judas Jesus Warns the Disciples (Peter in Particular) Against Desertion, While All Protest Their Loyalty

Mark 14:27-31 Matt. 26:31-35 Luke 22:31-38 John 13:31-38

27 And Jesus
saith unto
them, All ye
shall be
offended: for it
is written [see
Zech. 13:7],
I will smite the
shepherd, and
the sheep shall
be scattered
abroad.
28 Howbeit,
after I am raised
up, I will go
before you into
Galilee.
29 But Peter
said unto
him, Although
all shall be
offended, yet
will not I.
30 And Jesus
saith unto
him, Verily I
say unto thee,
that thou
to-day, even this
night, before
the cock crow
twice, shalt
deny me thrice.
31 But he spake
exceeding
vehemently, If
I must die with
thee, I will not
deny thee. And
in like manner
also said they
all.

31 Then saith
Jesus unto
them, All ye
shall be
offended in me
this night: for
it is written,
I will smite the
shepherd, and
the sheep of the
flock shall
be scattered
abroad. 32 But
after I am
raised up, I
will go before
you into Galilee.
33 But Peter
answered and
said unto him,
If all shall be
offended in
thee, I will never
be offended.
34 Jesus said
unto him, Verily
I say unto
thee, that this
night, before
the cock
crow, thou
shalt deny me
thrice. 35 Peter
saith unto
him, Even if I
must die with
thee, yet will
I not deny
thee. Likewise
also said all
the disciples.

31 Simon,
Simon, behold,
Satan asked
to have you, that
he might sift
you as wheat:
32 but I made
supplication
for thee,
that thy faith
fail not: and
do thou, when
once thou hast
turned again,
stablish thy
brethren.

33 And he
said unto him,
Lord, with thee
I am ready to
go both to
prison and to
death. 34 And he
said, I tell thee,
Peter, the cock
shall not crow
this day, until
thou shalt
thrice deny
that thou
knowest me. 31 When
therefore he was
gone out, Jesus
saith, Now is
the Son of man
glorified, and
God is glorified
in him; 32 and
God shall
glorify him in
himself, and
straightway
shall he glorify
him. 33 Little
children, yet a
little while I
am with you.
Ye shall seek
me: and as I
said unto the
Jews, Whither
I go, ye cannot
come; 34 so now
I say unto you,
A new
commandment I
give unto you,
that ye love
one another;
even as I have
loved you,
that ye also
love one another.
35 By this
shall all men
know that ye
are my disciples,
if ye have
love one to
another.
36 Simon Peter
saith unto
him, Lord,
whither goest
thou? Jesus
answered,
Whither I go,
thou canst not
follow me now;
but thou shalt
follow
afterwards.

37 Peter
saith unto
him, Lord, why
cannot I follow
thee even now?
I will lay
down my life
for thee. 38 Jesus
answereth,
Wilt thou
lay down thy
life for me?
Verily, verily,
I say unto
thee, The cock
shall not crow,
till thou hast
denied me
thrice.

35 And he said unto them, When
I sent you forth without purse,
and wallet, and shoes, lacked ye
any thing? And they said, Nothing.
36 And he said unto them, But
now, he that hath a purse, let him
take it, and likewise a wallet: and
he that hath none, let him sell his
cloke, and buy a sword. 37 For I
say unto you, that this which is
written must be fulfilled in me [see
Isa. 53:12], And he was reckoned
with transgressors: for that which
concerneth me hath fulfilment.
38 And they said, Lord, behold, here
are two swords. And he said unto
them, It is enough.

Or, was.

Or, even as I loved you, that ye also may love one another.

Gr. caused to stumble.

Or, obtained you by asking.

Or, and he that hath no sword, let him sell his cloke, and buy one.

Gr. end.

§ 148. Jesus Institutes the Memorial of Eating Bread and Drinking Wine

Jerusalem. Evening before the Crucifixion

Mark 14:22-25 Matt. 26:26-29 Lukea 22:17-20 1 Cor.b 11:23-26

22 And as they
were eating,
he took bread,
and when he
had blessed, he
brake it, and
gave to them,
and said, Take
ye: this is my
body.

23 And he
took a cup, and
when he had
given thanks,
he gave to
them: and they
all drank of it.
24 And he said
unto them,
This is my
blood of the
covenant,
which is shed
for many [see
Ex. 24:8; Lev.
4:18-20; Jer.
31:31; Zech.
9:11]. 25 Verily
I say unto you,
I will no more
drink of the
fruit of the
vine, until that
day when I
drink it new
in the kingdom
of God.

26 And as they
were eating,
Jesus took
bread, and
blessed, and
brake it; and
he gave to the
disciples, and
said, Take, eat;
this is my
body.
27 And he
took a cup,
and gave
thanks, and
gave to them,
saying, Drink
ye all of it;

28 for
this is my
blood of the
covenant,
which is shed
for many unto
remission of
sins. 29 But I
say unto you,
I will not drink
henceforth
of this
fruit of the
vine, until that
day when I
drink it new
with you in my
Father's
kingdom. 17 And he
received a cup,
and when he
had given
thanks, he said,
Take this, and
divide it among
yourselves:
18 for I
say unto you,
I will not
drink from
henceforth of
the fruit of the
vine, until the
kingdom of
God shall come.
19 And he
took bread, and
when he had
given thanks,
he brake it,
and gave to
them, saying,
This is my
body which is
given for you:
this do in
remembrance of
me. 20 And the
cup in like
manner after
supper, saying,

This cup is the
new covenant
in my blood,
even that
which is poured
out for you.

23 For I
received of the
Lord that
which also I
delivered unto
you, how that
the Lord Jesus
in the night in
which he was
betrayed took
bread; 24 and
when he had
given thanks,
he brake it,
and said, This
is my body,
which is for
you: this do
in remembrance
of me. 25 In
like manner
also the cup,
after supper,
saying, This
cup is the new
covenant in
my blood: this
do, as oft as ye
drink it, in
remembrance of
me. 26 For as
often as ye eat
this bread, and
drink the cup,
ye proclaim
the Lord's
death till he
come.

Or, a loaf.

Some ancient authorities read the cup.

Or, the testament.

Many ancient authorities insert new.

Some ancient authorities omit which is given for you ... which is poured out for you.

Or, testament.

Many ancient authorities read is broken for you.

a Luke here (see § 144) departs from the order of Mark (and Matthew) and mentions the institution of the supper earlier in the evening. It seems best to follow the chronology of Mark, who places it after the departure of Judas.

b These are two parallel reports of the institution of the supper. Mark is followed by Matthew and 1 Corinthians (about A.D. 56) by Luke (not earlier than A.D. 58).

§ 149. The Farewell Discourse to His Disciples in the Upper Room

Jerusalem

John 14a

1 Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. 2 In my Father's house are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I come again, and will receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also. 4 And whither I go, ye know the way. 5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; how know we the way? 6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no one cometh unto the Father, but by me. 7 If ye had known me, ye would have known my Father also: from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. 8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it sufficeth us. 9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and dost thou not know me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; how sayest thou, Shew us the Father? 10 Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father abiding in me doeth his works. 11 Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works' sake. 12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto the Father. 13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 If ye shall ask me anything in my name, that will I do. 15 If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments. 16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may be with you for ever, 17 even the Spirit of truth: whom the world cannot receive; for it beholdeth him not, neither knoweth him: ye know him; for he abideth with you, and shall be in you. 18 I will not leave you desolate: I come unto you. 19 Yet a little while, and the world beholdeth me no more; but ye behold me: because I live, ye shall live also. 20 In that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you. 21 He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself unto him. 22 Judas (not Iscariot) saith unto him, Lord, what is come to pass that thou wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world? 23 Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my word: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our abode with him. 24 He that loveth me not keepeth not my words: and the word which ye hear is not mine, but the Father's who sent me.

25 These things have I spoken unto you, while yet abiding with you. 26 But the Comforter, even the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said unto you. 27 Peace I leave with you; my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be fearful. 28 Ye heard how I said to you, I go away, and I come unto you. If ye loved me, ye would have rejoiced, because I go unto the Father: for the Father is greater than I. 29 And now I have told you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe. 30 I will no more speak much with you, for the prince of the world cometh: and he hath nothing in me; 31 but that the world may know that I love the Father, and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.b

Or, believe in God.

Or, abiding-places.

Many ancient authorities read And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.

Or, through.

Many ancient authorities omit me.

Gr. make request of.

Or, Advocate. Or, Helper. Gr. Paraclete.

Or, orphans.

Or, and ye shall live.

a Chapters 13 to 17 in John really belong together. There is first the effort of Jesus to stop the bickerings of the Twelve, then his warning and their reply. Jesus continues to address them with repeated interruption (dialogue), but finally they fear to ask him further (monologue). The discourse concludes with the wonderful prayer (the real Lord's Prayer) in chapter 17.

b Apparently they leave the Upper Room.

§ 150. The Discourse on the Way to Gethsemane

Possibly on the Street

John 15 and 16a

1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. 2 Every branch in me that beareth not fruit, he taketh it away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he cleanseth it, that it may bear more fruit. 3 Already ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken unto you. 4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; so neither can ye, except ye abide in me. 5 I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same beareth much fruit: for apart from me ye can do nothing. 6 If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and they gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. 7 If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be done unto you. 8 Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; and so shall ye be my disciples. 9 Even as the Father hath loved me, I also have loved you: abide ye in my love. 10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love. 11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy may be in you, and that your joy may be fulfilled. 12 This is my commandment, that ye love one another, even as I have loved you. 13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. 14 Ye are my friends, if ye do the things which I command you. 15 No longer do I call you servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I heard from my Father I have made known unto you. 16 Ye did not choose me, but I chose you, and appointed you, that ye should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should abide: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you. 17 These things I command you, that ye may love one another. 18 If the world hateth you, ye know that it hath hated me before it hated you. 19 If ye were of the world, the world would love its own: but because ye are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you. 20 Remember the word that I said unto you, A servant is not greater than his lord. If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you; if they keep my word, they will keep yours also. 21 But all these things will they do unto you for my name's sake, because they know not him that sent me. 22 If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23 He that hateth me hateth my Father also. 24 If I had not done among them the works which none other did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me and my Father. 25 But this cometh to pass, that the word may be fulfilled that is written in their law, They hated me without a cause [see Ps. 35:19; 69:4]. 26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall bear witness of me: 27 and ye also bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning.

1 These things have I spoken unto you, that ye should not be made to stumble. 2 They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the hour cometh, that whosoever killeth you shall think that he offereth service unto God. 3 And these things will they do, because they have not known the Father, nor me. 4 But these things have I spoken unto you, that when their hour is come, ye may remember them, how that I told you. And these things I said not unto you from the beginning, because I was with you. 5 But now I go unto him that sent me; and none of you asketh me, Whither goest thou? 6 But because I have spoken these things unto you, sorrow hath filled your heart. 7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I go, I will send him unto you. 8 And he, when he is come, will convict the world in respect of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgement: 9 of sin, because they believe not on me; 10 of righteousness, because I go to the Father, and ye behold me no more; 11 of judgement, because the prince of this world hath been judged. 12 I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. 13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he shall guide you into all the truth: for he shall not speak from himself; but what things soever he shall hear, these shall he speak: and he shall declare unto you the things that are to come. 14 He shall glorify me: for he shall take of mine, and shall declare it unto you. 15 All things whatsoever the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he taketh of mine, and shall declare it unto you. 16 A little while, and ye behold me no more; and again a little while, and ye shall see me. 17 Some of his disciples therefore said one to another, What is this that he saith unto us, A little while, and ye behold me not; and again a little while, and ye shall see me: and, Because I go to the Father? 18 They said therefore, What is this that he saith, A little while? We know not what he saith. 19 Jesus perceived that they were desirous to ask him, and he said unto them, Do ye inquire among yourselves concerning this, that I said, A little while, and ye behold me not, and again a little while, and ye shall see me? 20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, that ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy. 21 A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is come: but when she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more the anguish, for the joy that a man is born into the world. 22 And ye therefore now have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no one taketh away from you [see Isa. 66:14]. 23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, If ye shall ask anything of the Father, he will give it you in my name. 24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be fulfilled.

25 These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: the hour cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but shall tell you plainly of the Father. 26 In that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will pray the Father for you; 27 for the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came forth from the Father. 28 I came out from the Father, and am come into the world: again, I leave the world, and go unto the Father. 29 His disciples say, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no proverb. 30 Now know we that thou knowest all things, and needest not that any man should ask thee: by this we believe that thou camest forth from God. 31 Jesus answered them, Do ye now believe? 32 Behold, the hour cometh, yea, is come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me. 33 These things have I spoken unto you, that in me ye may have peace. In the world ye have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.

Or, was.

Many ancient authorities read that ye bear much fruit, and be my disciples.

Gr. bondservants.

Gr. bondservant.

Or, know ye.

Or, Advocate. Or, Helper. Gr. Paraclete.

Or, goeth forth from.

Or, and bear ye also witness.

Or, ask me no question.

Or, parables.

Gr. make request of.

Or, parable.

a Chapters 14-17 are called the Heart of Christ. Nowhere does the Master lay bare his very soul more completely than here in chapters 15 and 16, with the allegory of the Vine and the teaching concerning the Holy Spirit.

§ 151. Christ's Intercessory Prayer

Possibly near Gethsemane

John 17

1 These things spake Jesus; and lifting up his eyes to heaven, he said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that the Son may glorify thee: 2 even as thou gavest him authority over all flesh, that whatsoever thou hast given him, to them he should give eternal life. 3 And this is life eternal, that they should know thee the only true God, and him whom thou didst send, even Jesus Christ. 4 I glorified thee on the earth, having accomplished the work which thou hast given me to do. 5 And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was. 6 I manifested thy name unto the men whom thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them to me; and they have kept thy word. 7 Now they know that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are from thee: 8 for the words which thou gavest me I have given unto them; and they received them, and knew of a truth that I came forth from thee, and they believed that thou didst send me. 9 I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for those whom thou hast given me; for they are thine: 10 and all things that are mine are thine, and thine are mine: and I am glorified in them. 11 And I am no more in the world, and these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep them in thy name which thou hast given me, that they may be one, even as we are. 12 While I was with them, I kept them in thy name which thou hast given me: and I guarded them, and not one of them perished, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled [see Ps. 41:9]. 13 But now I come to thee; and these things I speak in the world, that they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves. 14 I have given them thy word; and the world hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. 15 I pray not that thou shouldest take them from the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil one. 16 They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. 17 Sanctify them in the truth: thy word is truth. 18 As thou didst send me into the world, even so sent I them into the world. 19 And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they themselves also may be sanctified in truth. 20 Neither for these only do I pray, but for them also that believe on me through their word; 21 that they may all be one; even as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be in us: that the world may believe that thou didst send me. 22 And the glory which thou hast given me I have given unto them; that they may be one, even as we are one; 23 I in them, and thou in me, that they may be perfected into one; that the world may know that thou didst send me, and lovedst them, even as thou lovedst me. 24 Father, that which thou hast given me, I will that, where I am, they also may be with me; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world. 25 O righteous Father, the world knew thee not, but I knew thee; and these knew that thou didst send me; 26 and I made known unto them thy name, and will make it known; that the love wherewith thou lovedst me may be in them, and I in them.

Gr. make request.

Gr. out of.

Or, evil.

Or, Consecrate.

Many ancient authorities read those whom.

§ 152. Going Forth to Gethsemane, Jesus Suffers Long in Agony

IN AN OPEN GARDEN, BETWEEN THE BROOK KEDRON AND THE FOOT OF THE MOUNT OF OLIVES

Late in the night introducing Friday

Mark 14:26, 32-42 Matt. 26:30, 36-46 Luke 22:39-46 John 18:1

26a And when
they had sung
a hymn, they
went out unto
the mount of
Olives.
32 And they
come unto a
place which
was named
Gethsemane:
and he saith
unto his
disciples, Sit ye
here, while I
pray.

33 And he taketh
with him Peter
and James
and John, and
began to be
greatly amazed,
and sore
troubled. 34 And
he saith unto
them, My soul
is exceeding
sorrowful even
unto death
[see Ps. 42:6]:
abide ye here,
and watch.
35 And he went
forward a
little, and fell
on the ground,
and prayed
that, if it were
possible, the
hour might
pass away
from him. 36 And
he said, Abba,
Father, all
things are
possible unto
thee; remove
this cup from
me: howbeit
not what I
will, but what
thou wilt.

37 And
he cometh,
and findeth
them sleeping,
and saith unto
Peter, Simon,
sleepest thou?
couldest thou
not watch one
hour?
38 Watch
and pray, that
ye enter not
into tempta-
tion: the spirit
indeed is
willing, but the
flesh is weak.
39 And again he
went away,
and prayed,
saying the
same words.

40 And
again he came,
and found
them sleeping,
for their eyes
were very
heavy; and
they wist not
what to answer
him.

41 And he
cometh the third
time, and saith
unto them,
Sleep on now,
and take your
rest: it is
enough; the
hour is come;
behold, the
Son of man is
betrayed into
the hands of
sinners. 42 Arise,
let us be going:
behold, he
that betrayeth
me is at hand. 30 And when
they had sung
a hymn, they
went out unto
the mount of
Olives.
36 Then cometh
Jesus with
them unto a
place called
Gethsemane,
and saith unto
his disciples,
Sit ye here,
while I go
yonder and
pray. 37 And he
took with him
Peter and the
two sons of
Zebedee, and
began to be
sorrowful and
sore troubled.
38 Then saith he
unto them, My
soul is
exceeding
sorrowful, even
unto death: abide
ye here, and
watch with
me. 39 And he
went forward
a little, and
fell on his face,
and prayed,

saying, O my
Father, if it be
possible, let
this cup pass
away from me:
nevertheless,
not as I
will, but as
thou wilt.

40 And
he cometh unto
the disciples,
and findeth
them
sleeping, and
saith unto
Peter, What,
could ye not
watch with me
one hour?
41 Watch and
pray, that ye
enter not into
temptation:
the spirit indeed
is willing,
but the flesh
is weak. 42 Again
a second time
he went away,
and prayed,
saying, O my
Father, if this
cannot pass
away, except
I drink it, thy
will be done.
43 And he came
again and
found them
sleeping, for
their eyes were
heavy. 44 And
he left them
again, and
went away,
and prayed a
third time,
saying again the
same words.
45 Then cometh
he to the
disciples, and
saith unto
them, Sleep on
now, and take
your rest:
behold, the hour
is at hand, and
the Son of man
is betrayed unto
the hands of
sinners.
46 Arise,
let us be
going: behold,
he is at hand
that betrayeth me. 39 And he
came out, and
went, as his
custom was,
unto the mount
of Olives; and
the disciples also
followed him.
40 And when he
was at the
place, he said
unto them,

Pray that ye
enter not into
temptation.

41 And
he was parted
from them
about a stone's
cast; and he
kneeled down
and prayed,
saying,

42 Father,
if thou be
willing, remove
this cup from
me: nevertheless
not my
will, but thine,
be done.

43 And
there appeared
unto him an
angel from
heaven,
strengthening
him. 44 And
being in an agony
he prayed more
earnestly: and
his sweat became
as it were
great drops of
blood falling
down upon the
ground. 45 And
when he rose
up from his
prayer, he
came unto the
disciples, and
found them
sleeping for
sorrow, 46 and
said unto
them, Why
sleep ye? rise
and pray, that
ye enter not
into temptation. 1 When Jesus
had spoken
these words,
he went forth
with his
disciples over
the brook
Kidron, where
was a garden,
into the which
he entered,
himself and
his disciples.

Gr. an enclosed piece of ground.

Or, Watch ye, and pray that ye enter not.

Many ancient authorities omit verses 43, 44.

Or, ravine. Gr. winter-torrent.

Or, of the Cedars.

a The Synoptic Gospels do not give the great discourse of Jesus in John 14 to 17. Hence they represent Jesus as going forth to Gethsemane after the institution of the supper (§ 148). The time was probably not long and they apparently sang the hymn (probably one of the Psalms) as they rose to leave the Upper Room (John 14:31). Hence the passage in John 15 to 17 comes in between singing the hymn and reaching Gethsemane.