IV (part 9)

MacGillivray, Hon. Angus, of Antigonish, N.S., was born at Bailey’s Brook, Pictou county, N.S., on the 22nd January, 1842. He is of Scottish extraction, his grandfather, Angus MacGillivray, having emigrated from Arisaig, in Inverness-shire, Scotland. His father and mother were named John and Catharine MacGillivray. When a mere lad, Angus removed, in 1845, with his parents to Antigonish, where he has since resided. He received his education at St. François-Xavier College, Antigonish—where his studies embraced the languages, mathematics, and philosophy—and from this institution he graduated with the degree of M.A. The counties of Antigonish and the eastern portion of the county of Pictou are largely peopled with Scotch Catholics, and a man of Mr. MacGillivray’s abilities would naturally possess a great influence among his coreligionists. The inhabitants of Pictou county are said to be more Scotch than the Scotch, no less an authority than the late Rev. Norman McLeod, the eminent Scottish divine, having pronounced them to be as tenacious of Scotch prejudice and national custom and turn of thought and speech as any section of the people in old Scotland. Gaelic is commonly spoken by all classes; original Gaelic poems are often to be seen in the weekly newspapers of Pictou and Antigonish; and Highland gatherings, those nuclei of national sentiment and national manly contests, are celebrated every year in either of the eastern counties or in Prince Edward Island. “Tigh-Dhe” (House of God) is the inscription cut in the granite over the portal of the great cathedral in Antigonish, which edifice is considered to be the largest and handsomest religious structure in Nova Scotia. After graduating, Mr. MacGillivray entered upon the study of the law in the office of H. (now judge) Macdonald, and finished in the office of Blanchard & Magher, Halifax, was called to the bar on the 22nd of July, 1874, and immediately afterwards formed a partnership with A. McIsaac (now judge of the County Court). A dissolution taking place on the elevation of Mr. McIsaac to the bench, Mr. MacGillivray formed another partnership, and is now head of the law firm of MacGillivray & Chisholm, barristers, etc. Being a most popular man in his professional and social relations, he was returned to the House of Assembly by acclamation at the general election in 1878, and was re-elected in 1882. In February, 1883, he was elected speaker of the house, and discharged the duties of that responsible office with great discrimination and acceptance until the dissolution in May, 1886. Being again nominated by his constituents, he contested the county at the general election on the 15th June, 1886, and was returned at the head of the poll, the vote standing—Angus MacGillivray, 1,378 votes; C. F. McIsaac, 1,273, defeating C. B. Whidden, 900; and R. McDonald, 487. He was appointed a member of the Executive Council in the Hon. Mr. Fielding’s cabinet, on the 28th June, 1886. Yielding to the urgent solicitations of his party, he resigned his seat in the Nova Scotia legislature in January, 1887, in order to run for the House of Commons at Ottawa at the general election, his opponent being the Hon. John S. D. Thompson, minister of justice. Even against so strong a man, the Hon. Mr. MacGillivray polled 1,207 votes, being defeated by only 40 votes. However, being again nominated for a seat in the local house, there was no one bold enough to take the field against him, and he was returned by acclamation on the 1st March, 1887. On the 7th March following he was reappointed a member of the government. Hon. Mr. MacGillivray was one of the commissioners appointed by the government in 1878 to investigate the claims of laborers and others against absconding and insolvent contractors on the Eastern Extension Railway; and in October, 1887, he was one of the delegates to the Inter-Provincial Conference held at Quebec. He is connected with improvements relating to agriculture, and takes part in the better encouragement of that industry. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, and in politics a Liberal. He married, on the 5th February, 1878, Maggie, daughter of the late Alexander McIntosh, of Antigonish. This lady died on the 8th September, 1879. On July 15th, 1884, he married May E., daughter of John Doherty, of New York.

Castle, Rev. John Harvard, D.D., Principal of McMaster Hall, Toronto, was born in Milestown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1830. He received his early education at the Central High School of Philadelphia. In the year 1847 he entered the University of Lewisburg, Pa., where he graduated with honors in 1851, and from that institution of learning he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1866. He completed his ministerial studies at Rochester Theological Seminary, N.Y., in 1853, and was licensed to preach by the Broad Street Church, Philadelphia, the same year. He was ordained at Pottsville, Pa., where he labored for two years and a half, after which he took charge of the Baptist Church at Newburgh, N.Y. In 1859 he returned to his native city and entered upon the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, West Philadelphia, where he remained for fourteen years, universally beloved by the members of his church and community. Here he gave much time and labor to the missionary cause and educational interest, serving on the boards of the publication and education societies, and the general association. He was also a trustee of the University at Lewisburgh, and of Crozer Theological Seminary. He served as moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, and was also elected president of the ministerial conference. In the spring of 1871 he commenced a tour of Europe. In 1872 he was urgently invited to take charge of the Jarvis Street Baptist Church of Toronto, Ontario, which invitation he accepted after mature consideration, and commenced his pastorate on 1st February, 1873. In this field of labor he remained in close and affectionate relations with his congregation for years, although strongly urged to accept the principalship of the Woodstock College. When its Theological department was removed to Toronto on the completion of McMaster Hall, the leading men of his denomination turned to him as eminently fitted to become the principal. This position he accepted, and has filled, as also the chair of systematic theology and pastoral theology, with that success which was expected of him. A secular journal of Toronto, under date of October 5th, 1877, thus speaks of him: “Into the work of the denomination and all Christian movements he has thrown himself with all his heart and has become a leading spirit therein. His congregation has increased rapidly, and erected a handsome church building at the cost of $100,000, of which the Hon. Senator McMaster contributed $35,000 towards it; this building is now one of the recognized sights of the city. He is a strong temperance advocate, and a consistent enemy of frivolity of all descriptions. His oratorical powers are of a high order, his enunciation being singularly distinct, and his manner graceful and effective. Though an earnest upholder of the doctrines of his denomination, he seldom gives utterance to any remarks which members of other communions cannot listen to without impatience. Never slow to do battle when controversies arise, he proves an adept in polemics, but is ever ready to recognize and admire all that is Christ-like beyond his own ecclesiastical boundaries.” Mr. Castle was joined in wedlock on the 15th of September, 1853, to Mary Antoinette Arnold, of Rochester, N.Y., by whom he has five children, two daughters and three sons.

Ball, George, Lumber Manufacturer, Nicolet, Quebec province, was born at Champlain, Quebec, 11th September, 1838. His parents were Reuben Ball and Flavia Fontaine. Mr. Ball is one of our many self-educated men, as in his early days schools were not as numerous as they are now, and he had to satisfy himself with a few months at a grammar school. In early life he decided to enter into mercantile business, in which he soon evinced marked ability, and his future success fully proved the wisdom of his choice. He is now one of the largest lumber manufacturers in the province of Quebec, his mills at Nicolet having a capacity of over 10,000,000 feet of lumber per annum. He has taken an active part in the municipal affairs of his town, and in 1885 was elected mayor, being re-elected to the same office in 1887, and is held in the highest esteem by his fellow-townsmen and all who know him. In politics Mr. Ball is a Conservative. He was married in 1864 to Eliza Thurbar.

Boulton, D’Arcy Edward, Cobourg, Ontario, Lieutenant-Colonel of The Prince of Wales’ Canadian Dragoons, headquarters at Cobourg, was born at York, Upper Canada, on the 2nd of February, 1814. He is the present surviving son of the late D’Arcy Boulton and Sarah Robinson, of The Grange, Toronto, nephew of Sir John Beverley Robinson, and grandson of the late D’Arcy Boulton, one of the judges of the Queen’s Bench of then Upper Canada, at that time a Crown colony, all of that party known as the Family Compact. Judge Boulton brought his young family to Canada in 1796, and on a voyage to England a few years after, the vessel he was in was captured by a French frigate after an engagement, in which Mr. Boulton received a cutlas wound, and was carried a prisoner of war to France, where he remained on his patrol of honor at Verdun for three years prior to Bonaparte’s march to Moscow. The wound on his arm grew so as to affect the circulation of the blood, so much so that he went to England in 1830, and an operation by Sir Benjamin Brodie removed the part, by cutting out a pound of flesh at the risk of life. He afterwards returned to Toronto cured of this trouble. The subject of this sketch was educated first under the late Bishop Strachan, and in 1829 went to complete his education in England, at Tiverton, Devon, in Blundell’s school. He returned to Canada in 1832, and adopted the profession of the law. He was made a barrister in 1837, and practised in the profession from that date at Cobourg, his place of residence. In 1836 he was elected a member of the board of police, and sat for years in it, and afterwards as a member of the town council; he was also a member of the county council. He was mayor of Cobourg in the year 1853 and three following years, and devoted himself to the promotion of harbor extension and the construction of gravel and plank roads leading from Cobourg into the country, east, west, and north to Rice Lake, and in 1855 carried through the legislature a charter to build the railway to Peterboro’, as a feeder to the Grand Trunk Railway. He was afterwards largely interested as shareholder and director in the Midland Railway, and for a period was president of the company. He was a commissioner of the Cobourg Town Trust, and in 1883 was appointed by the Dominion government one of a Royal commission with George M. Clarke, judge, and Frederick Broughton, manager of the Great Western Railway, to investigate numerous old standing claims by contractors against the Dominion government, amounting to several millions of dollars. This inquiry was very thorough, extending over a period of about two years, till every claim was disposed of. In 1854 he was engaged by Col. Sloo, possessor of a Mexican grant or charter, confirmed by treaty between Mexico and the United States of America, to procure English contractors to build a railway from Vera Cruz on the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific ocean, known as the Tehuantepec Railway, and to assist at Washington in getting a confirmation of the treaty by Congress. The result of his work was a contract with Messrs. Sykes, of England, to advance $600,000 to Mexico, the price of the charter, and to build the railway, for which service he was handsomely rewarded by the railway company, of which Colonel Sloo was president. The contract afterwards fell through, by the loss of the senior Sykes, with engineers and full staff, who were lost in the steamer Arctic, which went down at sea with all hands. In 1854 Mr. Boulton was named by a Conservative convention to contest the West Riding of Northumberland, but was defeated by the corrupt expenditure of very large sums of money. He was a consistent Conservative, and president for several years of the Liberal-Conservative Association from its first organisation. At the beginning of the rebellion in 1837 he joined the order of Loyal Orangemen, and in 1846 entered the Masonic order and the order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, about the same period; and is now one of the oldest members of the Masonic and Orange fraternities, is one of the senior members of the bar, and is senior officer of the active militia service on duty. In 1837 he raised a company of infantry and volunteers, and as captain, was enlisted with his men—into the incorporated regiment of the Queen’s Own, under Colonel Kingsmill, and served in Toronto and on the Niagara frontier till the troubles were over. When the active militia was reorganised in 1855, Captain Boulton raised a volunteer cavalry troop, known as The Prince of Wales’ Canadian Dragoons, wearing the scarlet uniform of the English regiment. This troop was increased to a squadron in 1857, when the captain was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in November of that year, and in 1875 the corps was increased to a regiment, with head-quarters at Cobourg, and has always been efficient for duty. From his birth a member of the Church of England, he has served at different periods as churchwarden and delegate to the Synod. In 1826 he rode on horseback with his brother William from Toronto to Peterboro’ to visit the located site of the town, it being founded by his uncle, the Hon. Peter Robinson, commissioner of crown lands, who brought the first Irish emigrants as colonists to Upper Canada. At that time the townships north of Port Hope were receiving their first settlers, and a dozen or so log huts were erected on the banks of the Otanabee river to receive the immigrants prior to going upon their lands. Colonel Boulton in 1838 married Emily Heath, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Heath, of the East Indian Company’s service, who died in India when his three children were in childhood. His widow spent many years on the continent, in Italy and Paris, where she educated her children, and in 1836 brought them to Toronto, Canada. The mother died in 1874 at Cobourg. Her son, Charles Wallace Heath, of Toronto, and her two daughters, are still living. Colonel Boulton’s family consists of three sons and four daughters living. The eldest son, Major Boulton, entered the army, receiving a commission in the first organization of the Royal Canadian regiment. He was stationed at Gibraltar and Malta for some years, and returned with his regiment to Canada. He sold out, and joined the active militia; and in 1885, when settled in Manitoba, he raised and commanded the corps known as Boulton’s Scouts, and did good service quelling the Indian rebellion. After entering into the organization and business of railways, Colonel Boulton in 1865 ceased the practice of his profession, and devoted his latter life to agriculture. He organised the first Farmers’ Institute in his riding, over which he was elected to preside. He has been for years a member of the local Agricultural Association, and was one of the originators of that association in 1835 or thereabouts. He was a zealous supporter of the turf and the hunt, and is now a breeder of thoroughbred stock of horses, short-horns, and Shropshire Down sheep, and still pursues an active, busy life. Two sons and four daughters are married, and have families growing up.

Baptist, George, Three Rivers, Quebec. The late Mr. Baptist was born in the town of Coldstream, Berwickshire, Scotland, 7th January, 1808, and came to Canada, after arriving at the years of manhood. Being possessed of great natural talent and a practical machinist as well as a millwright, he was entrusted with the management of the Etchemin saw mills, owned by Sir John Caldwell, then the largest lumber merchant at the time in Canada. After spending some years as manager of those mills, he leased the Point Levi mills from the government, and here he continued till his final removal to the town of Three Rivers, in 1846. On his arrival there he bought the Cache mill situated on the river St. Maurice. Feeling that the amount of business being done at the mill was not nearly as large as the demand required, he went on a prospecting tour, and finding an eligible location for a more extensive business, built what was known as the grey mills, with a capacity of 12,000,000 feet of lumber. Finding that this mill was not large enough for his still growing trade, he built another mill adjoining the first, which enabled him to cut double the quantity produced by the first mill; this mill was however destroyed by a freshet in 1873. He then built a steam saw mill on Baptist Island, with a capacity of 15,000,000 feet of lumber annually. In consequence of the large volume of business transacted in connection with the mills established by Mr. Baptist necessitating the employment of a large staff of men and material, the present location which is still in possession of his sons—a place which was once a barren wilderness—has been transformed by his enterprise and industry into a well populated district of villages and fine cultivated farms. From the time of Mr. Baptist’s first settlement on the St. Maurice his business progressed with remarkable rapidity, and is still another proof of what can be accomplished by perseverance, joined with industry and shrewdness, aided by a thorough practical knowledge of the mechanical part of his business acquired in his native land. He founded a lumber business in the province of Quebec, which still rivals that of any in Canada, and to-day his son, Alexander, is one of the largest dealers and exporters on the continent. Mr. Baptist was married at Point Levi, in the year 1834, to Isabella Cockburn, who was born in the same town as himself. Mrs. Baptist was of great assistance to her husband in his efforts to achieve the success which he so successfully won. In politics he was a Liberal-Conservative. He always took an active part in local contests, and at one time contested the Senatorial division of Shawinigan in opposition to the Hon. Dr. Malhiot. Mr. Baptist was a member of the Presbyterian church. He died on the 11th May, 1875, well beloved by his fellow townsmen for his genial, reliable, and strictly upright character. His family consists of two sons and five daughters. The property left by Mr. Baptist to his heirs amounted to half a million dollars.

Klein, Alphonse Basil, Barrister, Walkerton, Ontario province, was born on the 11th of September, 1851, at the town of Berlin, county Waterloo, Ontario. His father was John Klein, a well-known newspaper writer, and his mother was Ludovika Lang, and were both natives of Baden, Germany, who settled in Canada many years ago. Mr. Klein was educated by his father and in the Berlin Grammar School, and speaks and writes the German language. He commenced to study law in 1868, was admitted to practise as attorney and solicitor in May, 1874, and called to the bar in 1879. He began practice in 1874 in Walkerton, in partnership with W. Barrett, now junior judge of Bruce. The same year he joined the 32nd battalion, Bruce Volunteer Militia, and received the commission of paymaster in the same battalion in June, 1881. During the North-West rebellion, in 1885, his battalion was called out, but after laying at Southampton for a week, it was ordered to return home. Mr. Klein was public school trustee for Walkerton from 1876 to 1883, and was chairman of the board in 1882. He was elected mayor of Walkerton for 1883, and re-elected by acclamation to the same office in 1884. He has been president of the Walkerton Horticultural Society for the last four years. Is a member of Branch 46, C.M.B.A., located at Walkerton. Was president of the South Bruce Liberal-Conservative Association in 1884, 1885, 1886; and secretary-treasurer from 1874 until 1884, of the same association. He received the unanimous nomination of the Liberal-Conservative party to contest South Bruce in the local elections in 1886 against Mr. O’Connor, the Liberal candidate, but failed to secure his election. In politics Mr. Klein is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. He was married on the 9th September, 1879, to Sophia A. Klein, daughter of the late Richard Morden, one of the first settlers in Brant township, near Walkerton. Her father’s family were U. E. loyalists, and are of Welsh descent, and in former times were Quakers. Her mother was born in England. The fruit of this marriage has been one daughter.

Honey, John Sleep, Montreal, Joint Prothonotary of the Superior Court of Quebec, and Joint Clerk of the Circuit Court of the same province, was born in the borough of Callington, county of Cornwall East, within three miles of the river Tamar, on the borders of Devonshire, England. His father was a master builder, and for many years was extensively engaged as such. He was a man distinguished for his industrious habits and high probity of character. At the age of thirteen John S. Honey entered the office of a distinguished lawyer in his native borough as clerk, and continued in this employment for four years. In the month of July, 1832, the family sailed from Plymouth for Canada, and fortunately arrived in Montreal in the month of September, just as the cholera, which had been so fatal that year, had begun to abate. Mr. Honey was favored when leaving the office of his patron in Callington, and through his influence, with a kind letter of introduction from Sir William Pratts Call, baronet, to Lord Aylmer, then governor of Lower Canada. In December following his arrival, Mr. Honey had the good fortune to find employment in the office of Monk & Morrough, the joint prothonotaries of the then Court of King’s Bench. He was first employed as enquette clerk, and at the end of the engagement, which lasted only about a week, he became clerk in the inferior term of the Court of King’s Bench, whence, after two weeks’ service in this office, he was promoted to the permanent staff of the Court of King’s Bench. In six months after his promotion he was articled for five years as a law student in the office of the prothonotaries, who were both lawyers, and at the end of his term was duly admitted to the bar, but as his services in the department were considered valuable by the prothonotaries, and his salary having been handsomely augmented, he declined to enter upon the practice of his profession. In the course of four years Mr. Honey’s administrative capacity effected many important changes in the office, which continue in operation to the present period. The most valuable of these improvements was the introduction of the Court Book, known as the “Repertoire,” in which he embodied particulars of the cases which had been instituted since 1827. This laborious work was performed after office hours, and extended over a period of twelve months. It was presented to the prothonotaries on the 1st of January, 1837, and was so highly appreciated by the authorities of the court, the bar and even the mercantile community, that a handsome gift in money was handed by the prothonotaries to Mr. Honey. In 1850 the fees of the court in Lower Canada were ordered by law to be funded. About the same period, under another enactment, further decentralization of the administration of justice took place, which, by establishing several courts in new localities, so reduced the fees in all the old districts that the government was obliged to pay from the general revenue a large amount annually to meet deficiencies. In order to remedy this defect in the working of these several courts, Mr. Honey submitted to the government in the year 1860 a re-adjustment of the Montreal tariff of fees for the Superior Court, which was adopted in 1861, and extended uniformly to all the districts. As a result of this change, instead of a deficiency in the district of Montreal of $5,932 in the year 1857, there was an annual surplus, the amount of the year 1874 not being less than $6,825. In the year 1862 Mr. Honey rendered important services to the legal profession by the publication of a “Table of Fees and Disbursements Payable to Attorneys and Officers of the Courts in Suits at Law”; also “Rules of Practice of the Court of Queen’s Bench, and Tariffs of Fees for Registrars, Advocates, and Officers of the Courts, including Schedule of Taxes upon Proceedings in Courts of Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction in Lower Canada.” In the year 1834, on the death of Mr. Morrough, he was appointed deputy prothonotary of the Superior and Circuit Courts, and so continued till the year 1865, when, upon the demise of Mr. Monk, he received the appointment of joint prothonotary, and this office he still continues to fill.

Dessaint, Major Alexander, LL.B., Kamouraska, Quebec province, M.P. for Kamouraska, was born at Kamouraska, on the 16th July, 1847. He received the beginning of a first-class collegiate training in the College at St. Anne’s, whence he graduated to the larger and more advanced institution at Three Rivers, proving himself an apt scholar. His parents determined to fit him for the practice of the law, and he entered upon the reading for that profession at Laval University. He completed his college course in Victoria University. He was called to the bar of his native province when but twenty-one years of age, and began practice in Kamouraska. In 1873 he married Marie Blanche Henriette Paradis. His father, having been a prominent merchant of Kamouraska, Mr. Dessaint, from his entrance upon man’s estate was one of the leading citizens of the place, and his natural abilities enabled him to improve the advantages of his position. Having a taste for military affairs, he connected himself with the 88th battalion, of which, he soon became major, which rank he still retains. He has been over and over again elected mayor of Kamouraska, and is a commissioner of the Superior Court for the county. Being a public-spirited citizen, he naturally took an interest in public affairs. He allied himself with the Liberal party, of which he soon became one of the leading spirits for the district. The county had for a long time been a close one, and the contests were proportionately arduous. In 1882, Mr. Blondeau, a Conservative, was elected and sat out his term; but when the general election of 1887 was called, Mr. Dessaint was nominated as the Liberal standard-bearer. Being successful in the contest, he entered parliament with the éclat of one who had “redeemed” a seat from the opposing party. In his brief parliamentary career, Mr. Dessaint has proved himself one of the most scholarly and thoughtful members of the Liberal opposition. He is an able speaker also, as was shown by his contribution to the debate on unrestricted reciprocity with the United States, which took place during the session of 1888.

Honan, Martin, Barrister, Three Rivers, Quebec province, was born in 1845, at Fermoy, Cork county, Ireland. His parents were Kernon Honan, and Mary Burns. His father was a corporal in the 94th regiment of foot, and served for twenty-one years in the army. The parent pair with their three children, Patrick, Martin and Margaret, all under eleven years of age, emigrated to Canada in 1848. A short time after their arrival in Montreal—having been taken sick on the boat while on the passage from Quebec to that city—father and mother and little sister died, and Patrick, eleven years of age, and Martin, the subject of our sketch, three years of age, were left to the tender mercy of the world. They were at first taken to the hospital, and afterwards conveyed by a Catholic priest (now Monsignor Marquis of St. Celestine, county of Nicolet, P.Q.) to Becancour, in the latter county. The little party taken to the country at this time consisted of fourteen orphans, and all were adopted by French-Canadian farmers. Patrick was adopted by Nazaire Comeau, and Martin by Olivier Tourigny. He remained three years and three months at Nicolet College, and on the 1st of May, 1862, having completely forgotten the English language, he went to St. Patrick’s Hill, in the township of Tingwick, county of Arthabaska, and settled in the midst of an Irish settlement to pick up again his native language. Here he hired as a clerk in a store, where he remained four months. He then resolved to adopt a profession, and in July, 1861, began to study for the position of notary public. In 1863, having been retained by the late Mr. Parker, a celebrated lawyer of his day, to take notes of the evidence in a celebrated murder trial then going on, he was so impressed with Mr. Parker’s eloquent address to the jury, that he decided to abandon the notaryship and begin the study of law. But having had only three years of a classical course, he found he could not be admitted to study without further education. Nothing daunted he bought a lot of books, and perused his studies alone, and when he thought he could pass an examination he went to a person authorised by our law and passed his examination. Having received from him the necessary certificate of qualification, he went to Quebec, passed his examination before the Board of Examiners, of which Mr. Parker was a member, and was admitted to the study of law. He studied hard, and had the satisfaction of being admitted to the bar of Lower Canada on the 5th of August, 1867, and began the practice of his profession at Arthabaskaville, where he remained until the 2nd of October, 1872, when he removed to Three Rivers, where he now successfully does business. Mr. Honan was deputy registrar of deeds at Arthabaskaville, in the county of Arthabaska, from the 7th September, 1862, to December, 1865, and from the latter date to October, 1866, clerk in the prothontary’s office. From this time to June, 1867, he followed the law lectures at St. Mary College, Montreal, and studied under the Hon. Senator Trudel. He is a Liberal in politics, and has taken part in all political contests since 1867. He was married on the 6th September, 1868, to Marie Louise Annabella Stein, second daughter of Adolphus Stein and Marie Genevieve Buteau. Mrs. Honan’s father emigrated from Germany when only seventeen years of age.

Gilmour, Lieut.-Col. Arthur H., Banker, Stanbridge East, province of Quebec, was born at “The Manor,” Nicolet, Quebec. His grandfather was the late Assistant Commissary-General Gilmour; and his father the widely-known Dr. Gilmour, master of surgery, F.R.H.S., Glasgow, Scotland, and now located as a practising physician and surgeon at Waterloo, Quebec. His mother was a de Cressy, daughter of the late Michael de Cressy, seignior, of Nicolet. His parentage, therefore, is half Scotch and half French. Colonel Gilmour, the subject of the present sketch, received his education principally in the French College, Nicolet, and is equally conversant with the French and English languages. In 1864 he entered the Military School in Quebec city, where he took a full course of instruction, and passed a highly creditable examination, receiving a first-class diploma, and was immediately gazetted as captain in the militia service of Canada. The following year he received his commission of lieutenant in the 52nd (Brome and Shefford) battalion, in which he served about four years, during which time he was called to the front with his company on the occasion of a threatened invasion by Fenians. He was afterwards transferred to the 60th (Missisquoi) battalion, with the rank of senior major, and was shortly afterwards elevated to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, a position which he now holds. Colonel Gilmour also holds a prominent position in the Masonic order, having entered the Sussex Encampment, Dunham, in 1874, and was installed and proclaimed knight-preceptor of the Order of the Temple in 1877, and past eminent preceptor in 1883. He is a director of the Montreal and Vermont Junction Railway Company, and secretary-treasurer of the board. He is also vice-president of the M. P. and B. Railway, and, besides, holds several important local positions, such as president of the Stanbridge Agassiz Association, president of the Missisquoi County Ploughing Association, and vice-president of the 60th battalion Rifle Association. In June, 1885, the two latter associations united in a grand demonstration in his honor, to show their appreciation of the valuable services he had rendered these bodies during his connection with them. The event was one long to be remembered by the hundreds who participated in it, and was the grandest affair of the kind ever held in the township. Colonel Gilmour is now the owner of the most valuable real estate properties in Missisquoi county, having in his possession about one thousand acres of extra tillable land. He is also the proprietor of the Missisquoi Record newspaper, published in Stanbridge East, a journal established June 5th, 1885, and devoted to the interests of the Eastern Townships of Canada. His banking institution was established in 1867 by J. C. Baker, his late father-in-law, to which he succeeded in 1880. Since Colonel Gilmour assumed control of its affairs the business of the bank has nearly doubled. Although a private and non-incorporated institution, “Gilmour’s Bank” is known far and wide, and its numerous customers are among the best and most prominent people and firms in the province.

Deschenes, Geo. Honore, St. Epiphane (oû Viger), province of Quebec, M.P.P. for Témiscouata, was born at Cacouna, on the 16th August, 1841. He is a farmer and takes an active interest in public affairs. He has been for thirteen years secretary-treasurer of his municipality and of the school board of the parish. He is also a director of the St. Lawrence & Témiscouata Railway Co. He has always taken a part in the management of the Agricultural Society of Témiscouata county, and is its vice-president. In 1875 he was returned to represent Témiscouata in the Legislative Assembly, and was re-elected in 1882 by acclamation. He was again elected at the last general election. In politics he is a Conservative, and in his county is held in high esteem. On 26th January, 1864, he married Susan Michand.

Duchesnay, Lieutenant-Colonel Henri Jules Juchereau, was born in Quebec on the 6th July, 1845, and in his unexpected and untimely death, not only those who know him lost a true friend, but the parliament of Canada lost a member who, had he lived, would doubtless have taken a leading part in the councils of the nation. He was a descendant of some of the most distinguished French families of the province of Quebec, the Duchesnays having settled in Canada in 1645, and held several seigniories, including Beauport, Gaudarville and others. His father was a member of the Dominion senate, and the mother of the present sketch was of the famous Taschereau family, which has given to Canada its first cardinal and one of its greatest politicians and most able judges. Young Duchesnay received a liberal education, studying both at Laval and McGill Universities, after having passed through a sound preliminary training in the Seminary of Quebec. After reading a course in law, he was, at the age of twenty-one years, called to the bar of the province of Quebec. Being in a position to do so, he gave a great part of his time and attention to public affairs and to great public enterprises. He identified himself with the 23rd (Beauce) battalion of the active militia, and became lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, a position which he was eminently fitted to hold. In 1869 he married Caroline Tetu, daughter of C. Tetu, a well-known member of the old family of that name. He served several terms as mayor of St. Mary, Beauce, and also as warden of Beauce county, in which positions he qualified himself to engage in the higher legislative duties which he was afterwards elected to perform. He was for a time president of the Levis and Kennebec Railway Company, of which enterprise he was one of the most active promoters. In the general election of 1877 he was nominated as the nationalist Conservative candidate, and succeeded in defeating his opponent by about five hundred majority. During the short time he was in parliament he made many friends, and his untimely death, a short time after the session of 1878, was a subject of general regret among his fellow-members.

Duclos, Silas T., of the firm of Duclos & Payan, St. Hyacinthe, is the third living son of Antoine Duclos, J.P., and Julie Philibothe, of St. Pie, county of Bagot, province of Quebec, and was born the 23rd of May, 1846. He went through the elementary schools of his parish, then was sent to the mission school of Pointe aux Trembles, and for one year attended the commissioners school, in Montreal, with a view of learning English and qualifying himself for business, for which he showed an early disposition. In 1864 he became a clerk with Mr. Williamson, dry goods merchant; later on he entered the establishment of Henry Morgan & Co., Montreal; then he went to H. Vallee’s store in Ogdensburgh, New York state. In 1868 he returned to Montreal, and again found employment with Henry Morgan & Co. Finding that little money could be made in clerking, and having no means to start business as a drygoods merchant, he resolved to seek some other means of earning a livelihood. Several of his friends and acquaintances were doing well in the bark business, so he made a temporary arrangement with J. Daigneau, then largely engaged in this line of business. When the engagement expired, he visited Europe, and on his return entered into partnership with Paul F. Payan. They soon got tired of the risky bark business, not having enough capital to exert an influence on the market. In 1873 they decided to go into the tanning business, secured a lot, and put up a building 75 feet long. During their first few years in business they suffered heavy losses by the failure of some of their customers, and the capital with which they started was considerably reduced. But they worked steadily on, nevertheless, having adopted the motto, “Honesty is the best policy.” Mr. Payan devoted all his attention to the shop, and Mr. Duclos to the finances, and they soon got out of difficulty. In 1876 their goods got a first prize at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. In October of the same year, Mr. Duclos was married to Elizabeth Finley. Better days began to dawn on him and the firm he belonged to. In steering safely through the hard times, without wrecking, while so many apparently stronger were failing on all sides, they won for themselves the enviable reputation of an honest and well managed firm. In 1875 they bought a rival tannery of V. Coté, and in 1882 they doubled the size and tripled the capacity of their own tannery. With the property came the influence in local affairs. In 1880 Mr. Duclos was elected councillor, which position he has held ever since to the great satisfaction of the electors. During his effective administration the city of St. Hyacinthe underwent several important improvements; a public park was created, a fine police station built, an effective fire service organized, the granite mills, and a large boot and shoe factory started, and a gas company put on a working footing. Thanks to his influence, a tannery for the manufacture of morocco leather was started in St. Hyacinthe, and its proprietors are now doing a good business. Mr. Duclos was brought up a Protestant, his parents having seceded from the Church of Rome in 1840. He and his family belong to the Presbyterian church.

Robertson, Norman, Treasurer of the County of Bruce, Walkerton, Ontario, was born on the 27th June, 1845, in Belleville, Ontario. His father, Peter Robertson, merchant, was born in Scotland; and his mother, Sarah Ross, was born in England. His grandfather on the paternal side was David Robertson, a Presbyterian minister; and his mother’s father was one of those who entered England with Prince Charles Edward Stuart in 1746. Norman Robertson, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Belleville Grammar School, where at an early age he gave evidence of the talent and ability which afterwards distinguished him in commercial pursuits. He left school when only eleven years of age; and from 1856 to 1863 was engaged in his father’s shop at Kincardine; from 1863 to 1869 with Lewis, Kay & Co., wholesale dry goods, Montreal; from 1869 to 1874 with John Birrell & Co., London, Ontario, as English buyer; from 1874 to 1877 English buyer for Robertson, Linton & Co., of Montreal, and from 1877 to 1887 he carried on business on his own account in Kincardine. He became a member of the Kincardine company of volunteers at the time of the Trent affair; and in 1866 joined the Victoria Rifles of Montreal, and went to the front with them that year. Mr. Robertson commenced his present official duties on May 6th, 1887, prior to which he resided in Kincardine, and sat for three years at the School Board. He was president of the Board of Trade there for two years, one year town councillor, and was also superintendent of the Sunday school for nine years. In all of these capacities he acquitted himself with perfect satisfaction to all concerned. In politics he was a Reformer until the initiation of the national policy, in 1878, but since then he has been a supporter of this policy. As buyer for the two wholesale dry goods houses noted above, he frequently visited the British markets, and has, during his lifetime, crossed the Atlantic no less than twenty-four times. He is thoroughly familiar with Canada and its needs, having during his commercial career visited nearly every town in it from Sarnia to Halifax. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Comments on the career of Mr. Robertson are needless, as the above facts speak for themselves, and he ought to be proud of being, in the true sense of the word, “the architect” of his own fortunes. He was married in Montreal on August 3rd, 1871, to Lilla May Warren, daughter of S. R. Warren, organ builder, afterwards of Toronto, and has a family of four children, two girls and two boys.

Gibsone, William Cuppage, Advocate, Quebec, is a leading member of the Quebec bar, in large practice. He was born at Quebec on the 12th March, 1841, and is a son of the late George Farar Gibsone, merchant, of that city, and his wife, Elizabeth Cuppage. On the father’s side he is of Scotch, and on the mother’s Welsh descent. He was educated classically at the Quebec High School under the late Doctors William Stewart Smith and Wilkie, and studied law in the office of Campbell & Kerr. On his admission to the bar, in 1862, he entered into partnership with his patron, Mr. Archibald Campbell, now one of the prothonotaries of the Superior Court at Quebec, and rapidly rose to distinction in his profession as much by his industry and application as by his talents and high character. On the retirement of Mr. Campbell, he formed a new partnership with the late Mr. Leveson Lewell, and on the death of the latter, with his present associate, T. C. Aylwin, a nephew of the late Judge Aylwin, and one of the city councillors of Quebec. His practice is now one of the largest in the Quebec district, and he enjoys in a high degree the regard of his colleagues of the bar, and the esteem and confidence of the public. He has been a member of the council of the Quebec bar for a number of years, and has in addition filled the offices of syndic and delegate of the same. He is an active member of the Church of England; and in politics, an Independent Liberal. In September, 1871, he married Elizabeth Primrose, and has had issue eight children, all of whom are still young.

Farrell, Edward, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, is a native of Halifax, where he was born about forty-five years ago. He is the son of Dominick Farrell, of Dartmouth, N.S. His boyhood was spent in Halifax, where he received his early education at St. Mary’s College of that city. Having resolved to devote his life to the profession of medicine, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and achieved great distinction in his studies. He is especially remarkable for sureness of touch, great strength of nerves, and cool self-reliance and good judgment in critical cases. He graduated as M.D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1864; was two years on the house staff of Bellevue Hospital, New York, and commenced practice in Halifax in 1866, where he rapidly came to the front as a leading physician, and worked up for himself an extensive and lucrative business. His office for some years was in Argyle street, a central part of the city; but he now lives in a handsome residence in South Park street. His wife was Miss Walsh, daughter of the late Thomas Walsh, of Halifax, and they have several children. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. Politically he is a staunch Liberal, and is a strong believer in the policy of home rule for Ireland and repeal for Nova Scotia. When the provincial government was reconstructed, and the Hon. P. C. Hill became provincial secretary and premier, Dr. Farrell was induced by his friends to come forward as a candidate at the election of 1874, the ticket being P. C. Hill, Dr. Farrell and Donald Archibald, now high sheriff of Halifax county. They were opposed by the Hon. W. J. Almon, now Dominion senator; Robert Sedgewick, afterwards recorder of Halifax, and now deputy minister of justice at Ottawa; and Martin J. Griffin, then of Halifax, now librarian of parliament at Ottawa; but Messrs. Hill, Farrell and Archibald, succeeded in winning the battle at the polls. From 1877 to 1878 Dr. Farrell was a member of the Hill administration without office. This was an era of vigorous railway-building in Nova Scotia, the government giving liberal help to the Eastern Extension Railway running from New Glasgow, Pictou county, through Antigonish and Guysborough counties to the Strait of Canso; the Western Counties Railway, and the Nictaux and Atlantic Railway. The great seal question, involving the question of the validity of documents which had been stamped since confederation with the great seal in use previous to confederation, also challenged much attention in the house and the law courts at this time. Dr. Farrell frequently addressed the Assembly, always forcibly, and was listened to with attention and respect. During this time he had several passages at arms with Douglas B. Woodworth, member for King’s county, who has since figured in the House of Commons at Ottawa. At the close of the parliament previous to the general election of 1878, Dr. Farrell, although strongly urged to again accept a nomination, declined to do so on the ground that parliamentary work interfered too seriously with his medical practice. But before he retired to private life, he, however, addressed to the electorate a strong letter on the situation, advising them to support the Liberal ticket. He also advocated in the public press the doctrine of repeal previous to the Dominion general election of February, 1887.

Henderson, David, Acton, Ontario, M.P. for Halton, was born on the 18th February, 1841, in the township of Nelson. His father, John Henderson, one of the pioneer farmers of the county, came from Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1832, and settled in the township of Milton. David was educated at the Milton Grammar School and the Normal School, Toronto. Mr. Henderson has been reeve and councillor of the village of Acton for about fifteen years. He was appointed to the office of deputy registrar of the county of Halton in 1866, which position he held until 1873. He then commenced business by opening a general store, which he still carries on. In connection with this he has a private bank, which he opened in the autumn of 1881. This institution was one that the citizens of Acton greatly needed, as they had no banking office nearer than Guelph. In politics Mr. Henderson is a Liberal-Conservative, and was elected during the bye-election in 1888 to represent Halton in the House of Commons. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He married on Christmas Day, 1865, Alison Christie, daughter of Charles Christie, late of Nassagaweya, and has a family of six sons and one daughter.

Payzant, John Young, M.A. (Acadia College), Barrister, Halifax, N.S., is a native of Falmouth, Hants county, where he was born on the 9th February, 1837. He is the descendant of a prominent Huguenot, who fled from Caen, France, on the revocation of the edict of Nantes. The family came to Nova Scotia, under Governor Cornwallis, in 1754. After the death of the great grandfather in the Indian wars of that period, his widow and children were carried captives to Quebec, and were present at the fall of that fortress after the heroic attack of Wolfe. They subsequently returned to Nova Scotia, two of the sons, Louis and John, becoming eminent preachers in said province. He received his early education at the Academy and College of Acadia at Wolfville, N.S., his family being Baptists. Having finished his classical course and graduated at Acadia, he went to Halifax, N.S., and studied law with the late Hon. James W. Johnston, afterwards judge in equity of the Supreme Court. He was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia 7th December, 1864, and at once began to practise in Halifax, where his excellent reputation and family connections enabled him to work up a good business. He has a large conveyancing and real estate business. He has been for many years the solicitor of the Nova Scotia Building Society, which carries on an extensive business in Halifax. He is also an executor of the will of the late John Young, a leading broker and commission merchant, whose only daughter is the widow of Sir Albert J. Smith, ex-minister of marine, and who left a large estate. He married a daughter of William C. Silver, of Halifax, the well-known dry goods merchant, and has several children. His two eldest sons are taking the arts course at King’s College, Windsor. Some years ago Mr. Payzant took exception to certain regulations and practices of the Baptist church, and published a pamphlet explanatory of his reasons for severing his connection with it. He then connected himself with the Church of England and worships in St. Paul’s Church, in Halifax. He takes a strong interest in all matters pertaining to the Anglican church. He is a frequent lecturer in Halifax and other places in his native province. Mr. Payzant began his active political career in the bye-election of 1884, having reluctantly accepted the nomination of the Conservative party, opposing Hon. W. S. Fielding, provincial secretary and premier, who ran for Halifax county, this gentleman having undertaken to form a government when Hon. W. T. Pipes, of Amherst, the former premier, retired from the position. Hon. Mr. Fielding was elected by a majority of about two hundred and fifty. Mr. Payzant, however, stood so well with the people that his party determined to nominate him, together with W. D. Harrington, ex-M.P.P., and Alderman James N. Lyons, at the general election of May, 1886. Mr. Payzant was absent from Halifax city at the time of this caucus, and again reluctantly took the field. The question of repeal was the main issue before the country, and the Conservatives were unable to make much headway, although they conducted their campaign with great spirit and assiduity. The returns were a complete victory for Hon. Mr. Fielding’s government. In Halifax the vote stood, Fielding, 4042; Roche, 3931; Power, 3822; defeating Harrington, 2981; J. N. Lyons, 2866; Payzant, 2816. The result was similar throughout the province. Mr. Payzant took his defeat in good part, and was somewhat consoled by the better showing of his side at the Dominion election of 1887. In private life he is a popular man, a keen sportsman, and a scholarly writer. Besides attending to his large and lucrative practice, he is surrogate and judge of Probate at Halifax. In 1883 he was appointed lecturer on “Torts” in the Law School, Dalhousie University, a position which he still holds.

Macpherson, Alexander, Hardware Merchant, Montreal, was born at Lancaster, county of Glengarry, Ontario, 10th August, 1830. His parents were Kenneth Macpherson and Mary Rose. Mr. Macpherson received his education in the schools in Lancaster, and in May, 1850, he went to Montreal, and found employment in the establishment of the late John Henry Evans, hardware merchant, where he remained for about five years. He commenced business in May, 1855, in partnership with the late Walter Benny, and on the death of this gentleman, Robert Benny, a brother of the deceased, joined the firm, which has continued to do business up to this time under the style first adopted, namely, Benny, Macpherson & Co., and is now one of the leading hardware firms in Montreal. In politics Mr. Macpherson is a Conservative, but being of a retiring disposition he has never taken any prominent part in local contests. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and takes an active interest in church matters. He has been an elder in St. Paul’s Church, Montreal, for many years, and on several occasions was appointed a commissioner to the General Assembly. Mr. Macpherson has devoted himself strictly to business, and to being upright in his dealings, may be attributed his success in life. He has been joint executor of some important estates. He is married to Jessie, daughter of Jacob Oldham and Jane Cochrane.

Cooke, Right Rev. Thomas, late Bishop of Three Rivers, Quebec, was born at Pointe du Lac, the 9th February, 1792, and was the son of Thomas Cooke, miller, formerly of Lisle, Ireland, and Isabel Gray, of Pointe du Lac, Canada. He was ordained and entered holy orders September 11th, 1814, was vicar and secretary to Bishop Panet at Rivière Ouelle, and afterwards, in 1817, became curate of Caracquette. On 1st March, 1824, he became curate of St. Ambroise, and in 1835 was appointed to the curacy of Three Rivers, with the title of vicar-general. On 8th June, 1852, his Holiness Pope Pius IX. appointed him first bishop of the diocese of Three Rivers, and he took possession of his bishopric on the 18th October of the same year, the day of his consecration. He was a prelate of commendable piety, indefatigable zeal, and consummate prudence. In 1858 he had the good fortune to make the imposing and solemn consecration of his beautiful cathedral, and in 1860 he founded the College of Three Rivers, which he placed under the special patronage of St. Joseph, to whom he paid remarkable devotion. Bishop Cooke died on the 30th April, 1870, aged 78 years. The record of the late bishop is without blemish. His whole life was devoted to the advancement of his religion, the strengthening of his church, and he never became wearied in doing good to all, both rich and poor. His virtues and talents were of the first order, and place him for all time to come in an enviable light.

Prefontaine, Raymond Fournier, B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, M.P. for Chambly, was born at Longueuil, province of Quebec, on 16th September, 1850. He is a descendant of one of the oldest and most honorable families in the province, his ancestors having settled in what was then New France, in 1680. Having the advantage of a good education, and with natural abilities to enable him to make good use of the knowledge he had gained, he was singled out by those who knew him, even in early life, as one of the coming men of Lower Canada. He graduated from the Jesuits’ College, in Montreal, and was called to the bar in 1873, receiving the degree of B.C.L. the same year from McGill College. He made a brilliant success in the practice of law, and is now partner in one of Montreal’s best known legal firms. Like so many young lawyers, he early devoted a great deal of attention to politics, and became known not only as an exceedingly active worker in the various campaigns, but as a speaker of unusual power in influencing the people. In the Quebec general election of 1875 he was nominated as the Liberal candidate for Chambly, and carried the county in spite of the fiercest opposition. He had apparently entered upon a career of great credit and usefulness in the local house, when he was relegated to private life, being defeated in the general election of 1878. The check was only temporary, however, for the successful candidate was unseated and Mr. Prefontaine was re-elected in June, 1879. But he was again unsuccessful in 1881 when the Conservative government swept everything before them. During his membership in the house he was elected mayor of Hochelaga, and was re-elected in successive years, until 1884. He became an alderman of Montreal a year later, his legal practice being in that city. The eyes of the Dominion were turned to him in the memorable contest in Hochelaga in 1886, during the Nationalist agitation succeeding the execution of Louis Riel, the government having opened this constituency apparently to test its strength. The contest was one of the most fiercely fought that have ever been known in Canada. Mr. Prefontaine succeeded in carrying the county against all opposition, and the rejoicing of the Nationalists on the occasion was great. At the general election in 1887, the struggle was almost again as great, but he succeeded in retaining the seat. In the house he shows himself full of vigor. He speaks in trenchant style, and his manner is affable and pleasant, and he ranks high among the popular members of the house. He is a Liberal and a Nationalist. He was married on the 20th June, 1876, to Hermine, daughter of the late Senator J. B. Rolland, of Montreal.

Piché, Eugene Urgel, Barrister, Berthierville, Quebec province, was born 13th July, 1824, at St. Sulpice, county of L’Assomption, and was the son of Bonaventure Piché, an old and highly respected merchant, and Emilie Lefèbre. He received his classical education at the College of L’Assomption, and was admitted to the bar of Montreal, 13th March, 1846. He was chief magistrate, and then member for the county of Berthier, in the Provincial Parliament of Canada for four years, from January, 1858. He was made a Queen’s counsel, 28th June, 1867, with precedence immediately after the Hon. G. Ouimet, ex-premier of Quebec. Deputy of the attorney-general, Sir George Cartier, and the Hon. G. Ouimet, and representative of the crown before the court of Queen’s Bench from 1864 to 1871, in five districts, Montreal, Joliette, Beauharnois, Terrebonne and Arthabaska. In 1869, he was appointed a school trustee by the Council of Public Instruction of the province of Quebec; and in 1871, one of the twelve commissioners for the taking of the census. In March, 1873, he was made clerk-assistant of the House of Commons; and on the 7th of March, 1874, appointed a special commissioner by the governor-general to swear in the members of parliament, and swore in Louis Riel as a member for Manitoba. Some time after, on receiving a pension, he retired from the House of Commons, and returned to the practice of his profession in Montreal, and afterwards in the district of Richelieu, where he resided the first fourteen years of his career, and where he is still practising. In September, 1872, he was admitted a member of the bar of Manitoba. October, 1886, he was a candidate as “National Independent Conservative” against Robillard, Conservative, and Sylvester, Liberal, at the provincial election for Quebec, the Liberal carrying the election. Space will not permit us to enumerate the many important cases Mr. Piché has conducted successfully: the most celebrated, however, being that of the ladies Dambourgés, daughters of the brave and gallant Col. Dambourgés, who gallantly defended Quebec against the invasion of the Bastonnais in 1775. The legal contention was with one of the most opulent families of the country, having at its head the eminent Chief Justice Sir L. H. Lafontaine. The contest lasted for twelve years, several lesser cases growing out of the original, and occupied the attention of the whole jurisdiction of the province, especially of Montreal and Quebec. Mr. Piché defended the case alone against twelve able lawyers employed by his adversaries, and vanquished them successively, until finally they appealed to the Privy Council of England; but were again defeated by the subject of our sketch, who wrote a clever letter to the clerk of the Privy Council, which proved so convincing, that without any unnecessary delay, the case was decided in favor of his clients. The justly deserved praise and admiration of the public was lavishly bestowed upon Mr. Piché, as well as the private recognition of the highest legal authorities of the Dominion, among the latter being the then minister of justice, Sir John A. Macdonald. As a member of parliament, our subject has been equally distinguished, and in 1858, at Toronto, having defeated the Macdonald government on the amendment against Ottawa becoming the capital of Canada. The encomiums of the press have fully testified and endorsed Mr. Piché’s remarkable ability and talent, as well as sound practical judgment, in whatever public position he has occupied. He was married October 18th, 1846, to Marie Nina Marion, daughter of Captain Louis G. Marion. There is scarcely any position, political or legal, that Mr. Piché’s remarkable talents do not fit him for.

Guevrement, Hon. Jean Baptiste, Sorel, Senator of the Dominion of Canada, was born at La Visitation, Isle du Pads, P.Q., on the 4th September, 1826. He is a farmer, and has always taken an active part in the politics of the country. In 1854 he was elected to represent Richelieu in the Canadian Assembly, which he did till 1857, when he was defeated at the general election that year. In 1858 he was chosen to represent Sorel in the Legislative Council of Canada, which position he filled till confederation. In 1867 he was a candidate for Richelieu in the Quebec Legislature, but was defeated. In the same year he was called to the Senate of Canada by royal proclamation. The Hon. Mr. Guevrement is a Conservative in politics. On May 2nd, 1848, he married Marie Anne Parelhus.

Allan, Hon. George William, D.C.L., Toronto, Speaker of the Senate of Canada, Chancellor of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, was born at Little York, now Toronto, on the 9th of January, 1822. His father, the late Hon. William Allan, was a pioneer settler who took up his abode in York, during Governor Simcoe’s term of office, and resided in Toronto till his death in 1853. This gentleman, in his day, held a very prominent place in public esteem, and being possessed of more than ordinary ability and a good education, he enjoyed advantages not so common in those early days as now. He was the first postmaster for York, and the first custom collector for the port. During the war of 1812-15 he served in the militia as lieutenant-colonel, and his son has still in his possession the flags of his old regiment. He figured prominently, too, in commercial life, and was the first president of the Bank of Upper Canada. He also held a seat in the Legislative Council of old Canada for several years, and a seat in the Executive during the administrations of Sir Francis Bond Head and Sir George Arthur. Our subject’s mother was Leah Tyreer, whose father was Dr. John Gamble, who belonged to a U. E. Loyalist family, and was a surgeon in the Queen’s rangers. His corps was raised in Upper Canada after the arrival of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. George William was educated by private tuition during his earlier years, and was afterwards sent by his father to Upper Canada College. When the rebellion, headed by William Lyon Mackenzie, broke out in 1837, young Allan, then in his sixteenth year, left U. C. College, and entered as a private “the Bank Rifle Corps,” of which the present Chief Justice Hagarty, Judge Galt, and some others still living were also members. He returned to the college at the end of the following year, and remained there until he went up for his examination as a law student which he passed in the “senior class,” in Easter term, 1839. He was articled to and began his studies in the office of Gamble & Boulton, and was subsequently called to the bar of Upper Canada, in Hilary term, 1846. Before entering upon the active practice of the law, young Allan was sent by his father to travel abroad, and in addition to a very extended tour throughout Europe, he visited many countries which, in those days, were not quite as accessible as they are now. He went up the Nile to the borders of Nubia, and afterwards travelled through Syria and the Holy Land, Asia Minor, Turkey and Greece, meeting with not a few exciting adventures, arising more particularly from the lawless and unsettled condition, at that time, of many parts of Syria and Asia Minor. He was elected, not long afterwards, a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of England. Mr. Allan early took a part in municipal affairs, his name appearing as one of the aldermen for St. David’s Ward in 1849. In 1865 he was elected mayor of the city and served in that capacity throughout the year. In May, 1856, before again leaving Canada for a lengthened tour abroad, he was presented by his fellow-citizens with a very complimentary address. It was done up in neat book form, and is now a most interesting document, as it contains the signatures of men of all ranks, parties and creeds, a large proportion of whom have now passed away. Mr. Allan, in the autumn of 1858, in response to a requisition from the electors of the York division, for which he was returned by a very large majority, took his seat for that division in the Legislative Council of old Canada, which he retained until confederation. Mr. Allan took a prominent part in the business of the Legislative Council, and filled the office of chairman of the Private Bills Committee in that body for many years. In May, 1867, he was called to the Senate by Royal proclamation, and has ever since taken an active share in its deliberations, as well as in the business of the Committee of the House, having been chairman, first of the Private Bills Committee, and subsequently of the Standing Committee on Banking and Commerce, which he has now filled for many years. In politics he is a Conservative. Mr. Allan has always taken a deep interest in the promotion of literature and science in his native country. He was one of the original members of the Royal Canadian Institute, and has filled the chair as president, besides being a contributor to the Journal of the Institute. He has always been a warm friend to the cause of higher education, and has been closely connected with Trinity College University (of which he is now the Chancellor, and from which he received his degree of D.C.L.), ever since the founding of that Institution in 1852. In all matters connected with Canadian art Mr. Allan has ever evinced a lively interest. He is the president of the Ontario Society of Artists, and chairman of the Art Union of Canada, and is the possessor of a large and valuable collection of paintings by a Canadian artist, the late Paul Kane, illustrating Indian life and customs, and the scenery of the great North-West. Attached to horticultural pursuits himself, Mr. Allan has labored as president of the Horticultural Society of Toronto, for more than twenty-five years, to foster a taste for the study and cultivation of flowers and fruits among his fellow-citizens, and it was with that object that he presented to the Society, in 1857, the five acres of land which, with the subsequent addition made fifteen, now forming the Society’s Gardens. As we have already mentioned, Mr. Allan performed his first military duty at a very early age. He has always taken a warm interest in all matters connected with the Volunteers and Militia, and is himself Lieut.-Colonel of the Regimental Division of East Toronto, and an honorary member of the Queen’s Own Rifles. A member of the Church of England, Mr. Allan has for many years borne an active part in the Synod and other assemblies of his church. He has also filled the chair as president of the Upper Canada Bible Society for more than twenty years. In business affairs Mr. Allan fills more than one post of considerable responsibility and importance. He has been for many years chief commissioner of the Canada Company as well as president of one of our largest and most successful loan companies, the Western Canada Loan and Savings Company. In 1888, on the death of the Hon. Josiah B. Plumb, Speaker of the Senate, the Hon. Mr. Allan was elected to the office. While in his twenty-fourth year he married Louisa Maud, third daughter of the late Honourable Sir John Robinson, Bart., C.B., chief Justice of Upper Canada, and she died while sojourning at Rome, in 1852. He married again, in 1857, Adelaide Harriet, third daughter of the Rev. T. Schreiber, formerly of Bradwell Lodge, Essex, England, and has a family of six children, three sons and three daughters.

Futvoye, Isaac Booth, Railway Superintendent Northern Division Central Vermont, and Waterloo and Magog Railway, St. John’s, Quebec province, was born in London, England, on the 28th November, 1832. His father was Lieutenant-Colonel George Futvoye, who was for many years deputy minister of militia, and a resident of Ottawa. The subject of our sketch, Isaac Booth Futvoye, received his education at the High School of Quebec, and entered the railway service 1st May, 1857. From that time until 1st May, 1859, he served in the capacity of roadman (Engineer corps), on the Stanstead, Shefford and Chambly Railway, when he was appointed station agent at St. John’s, P.Q. From February, 1865, to May, 1876, in conjunction with this office, he also acted as agent for the Montreal and Vermont Junction Railway, at the same place. From 24th May, 1876, to the present, he has acted as superintendent of the Stanstead, Shefford and Chambly and the Montreal and Vermont Junction Railways. These two railroads are now operated as the northern division of the Central Vermont Railroad. On the 1st January, 1878, he also became superintendent of the Waterloo and Magog Railroad. Mr. Futvoye is considered one of our best authorities in his particular sphere, and is respected and esteemed by all for his sound, practical judgment in matters pertaining to railways. In religion, he is a Protestant, belonging to the Episcopal church. He married, October 20th, 1860, Mary Anne Doyou, of Granby, P.Q.

Leblanc, Pierre Evariste, Montreal, M.P.P. for Laval, was born at St. Martin’s, in the county of Laval, 10th August, 1853. His ancestors came to L’Isle Jesus from Acadia in 1757, after the conquest and dispersion of its inhabitants by the British army. His father was Joseph Leblanc, and his mother Adéle Belanger. The subject of our sketch commenced his education at the Academy of St. Martin’s, leaving it to enter the Jacques Cartier Normal School, from which he went to McGill University. He entered into the study of law, deciding to make it his profession, and was called to the bar of the province of Quebec 11th July, 1879. Mr. Leblanc has always taken an active part in the politics of his country; and in 1882, when the Hon. L. O. Loranger was elevated to the bench, he was elected in his place to represent the county of Laval in the Quebec legislature. The election being protested, he was unseated on petition, but was re-elected, and was again elected at the last general election. In politics he is a Conservative, and is held in high esteem by his many friends. On the 12th January, 1886, he married Hermine, daughter of the late Theodore Beaudry, of Montreal, and Catharine Valée.

Davis, Donald Watson, Merchant, Macleod, district of Alberta, M.P. for Alberta, North-West Territory, was born in the town of Londonderry, state of Vermont, United States, in 1849. His father and mother were both natives of the state, but of English and Scotch descent. He received his education in his native town. He came to Canada, and settled in Macleod about 1870, where he conducts business as a merchant and general stock dealer. He was elected to the House of Commons as representative for Alberta at the last general election, and is a supporter of the Conservative party. In 1887 he was married to Lillie, daughter, of James Grier, J.P.

Motton, Robert, Q.C., Barrister, Stipendiary Magistrate and Judge of Civil Court of the city of Halifax, N.S., is of English extraction, and is a son of the late Robert Motton, also of Halifax, who did business there for many years. Mr. Motton was born in Halifax about the year 1831, and received his early education at the Grammar School in that city. Having mastered the classics, he decided to adopt the profession of the law, for which the keenness of his mind, his witty and eloquent tongue, and his knowledge of human nature eminently fitted him. He studied in the office of Peter Lynch, Q.C., and after pursuing his studies with diligence was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, on 7th December, 1856. He began to practise in Halifax, and speedily built up a large business, especially in criminal cases. He had great weight with juries, being a polished and eloquent pleader. As a cross-examiner he excelled. For years he was retained in the most important civil and criminal cases, and it was admitted that his presence in any of the courts of the province was an intimation that some important case was going on, and he was looked upon as a natural adjunct to either one or the other side. In politics he was for many years connected with the Conservative party, and rendered them yeoman service in many hard-fought battles. On the stump he was simply immense, his general humor, power of word-painting, and acquaintance with the ins and outs of the situation making him a complete master of his audience. In 1874 he opposed Captain John Taylor, who offered as candidate of the Liberal party, the Conservatives agreeing not to oppose, for one of the seats for Halifax rendered vacant by the death of that brilliant orator and lawyer, Hon. William Garvie. Mr. Motton represented the Young Halifax party, and being opposed by the whole weight of the Liberal local government and the Conservative vote, was defeated, but made, nevertheless, a gallant fight. He afterwards claimed the seat on the ground of his opponent’s disqualification, which he established before a committee of the House of Assembly composed of a majority of Liberals, but who refused him the seat because they were determined he should not enter the house to oppose the government. Mr. Motton may have thought that he did not receive that measure of support from his own party to which his services entitled him; but however, after this his affection for the Conservatives cooled, and he gradually became attached to the Liberal party, among whom he was warmly welcomed, they having a proper appreciation of his abilities. He was frequently employed in crown cases by the local government. He was always ready to help any good cause with the might of his tongue, and especially as an advocate of temperance. He distinguished himself when the late D. Banks McKenzie started the blue ribbon movement and the reform club in Halifax, in the summer of 1877. Mr. Motton came to his assistance, and at the mass meeting held in the rink addressed by such orators as Hon. P. C. Hill, provincial secretary and premier, Rev. Dr. George W. Hill, of St. Paul’s and others Mr. Motton made one of the happy efforts of the evening. He is a very popular lecturer on Reminiscences of the Bar, and other popular subjects, always drawing crowded houses attracted by his versatility, solid diction, relieved by fresh and racy incidents, creating roars of merriment and applause. In the Dominion campaign of February, 1878, when Hon. A. G. Jones defeated M. H. Richey in the Halifax bye-election, Mr. Motton was one of the ablest canvassers and hardest workers on the Liberal side. His name at this time was freely spoken of as a Liberal candidate for the local house. He resided at this time in Dartmouth, of which municipality he was stipendiary magistrate and recorder. He subsequently in 1879 resigned the position, as his increasing practice in Halifax rendered the step advisable. The acceptance of his resignation was followed by a most flattering and complimentary resolution, regretting his withdrawal. Upon the resignation of Dr. Henry Pryor, as stipendiary magistrate of Halifax city, a post which he had filled for many years, Mr. Motton was tendered by the provincial government and accepted the position, all parties agreeing the place could find no worthier incumbent. His appointment as stipendiary and judge of City Civil Court is the only one made by the government in Nova Scotia. It is for life, and removable in the same way as other judges. The secular and religious press, without any exception, endorsed the selection. On the occasion of his first presiding in the City Civil Court, the members of the bar present conveyed to him the gratification with which his legal brethren viewed his elevation, and tendering him their most hearty congratulations and best wishes. He has administered the laws of the city with good judgment, forbearance, and impartiality, and at the same time has made himself a terror to evil doers. He has exerted a powerful influence towards suppressing vice in its many forms. In religion he and his family, consisting of his wife and two sons, are Methodists. He was appointed Queen’s counsel by the local government in 1876. He was for some time a valued and progressive member of the city council, a commissioner of the supreme court, a member of the quarter sessions, and has been prominently identified with every movement of political and social reform calculated to benefit humanity.

Mara, John Andrew, Merchant, Kamloops, British Columbia, M.P. for Yale, was born at Toronto, and is the eldest son of the late John Mara of that city. He was educated at Toronto, and settled in British Columbia in 1862, where he has followed the business of a merchant. He has always taken an active part in politics, and sat in the Legislative Assembly for Kootenay, from the general election in 1871, till 1875, when he was returned to represent Yale. He was re-elected in 1878, and sat until the general election, of 1886, when he did not again offer himself as a candidate. He was speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 25th January, 1883, until the dissolution of the house in 1886. In 1887 he was elected by acclamation to represent Yale in the House of Commons, at Ottawa. Mr. Mara, in politics, is a Conservative. He is married to Alice Telfer, the only daughter of F. J. Barnard, ex-M.P.

Strange, Thomas Bland, Kingston, Major-General, retired, Royal Artillery, has been so conspicuous a figure on the Canadian scene and filled so large and honorable a place in Canadian history for the last seventeen or eighteen years that a work of this kind would be incomplete without a memoir of his gallant and distinguished career in both hemispheres. Major-General Strange comes of a race that has done good service to the Empire. Said the Weekly Globe (Toronto), of 24th April, 1885:—“In ‘The Scot in British America’ is an allusion to Robert Strange, afterwards Sir Robert, the father of English engraving, an art which he developed while in exile in Italy following the broken fortunes of the house of Stuart. Having previously fought at the battle of Culloden, in the body-guard of the prince, he was attainted and sought refuge in the house of Miss Lumsden, his affianced bride. While with her, the ‘Seider Roy’ (red soldiers) appeared in the court yard, and the officer entered to seize the body of the ‘traitor Strange,’ as he was termed by proclamation. His fair fiancée, with womanly simplicity, lifted the enormous hoops which extended the dresses of the period, and placed her lover in safety beneath them, while she resumed her former occupation of playing loyal airs on the spinette. The direct descendants of Sir Robert Strange and Miss Lumsden have been gallant and distinguished sailors, soldiers, men of science and law, including Colonel Strange, Madras Cavalry, subsequently employed on the survey in India and inspector of scientific instruments; Admiral Strange, whose son, Lieutenant Vernon Strange, went down in the ill-fated Eurydice; Major Charles John Strange, R.A., distinguished in the Crimea, all sons and grandsons of Sir Thomas Strange (son of Sir Robert), judge in the Hon. East India Company’s service. This branch of the family remained in the mother country; but two collateral branches settled in Canada. Of one of these, the late Colonel M. W. Strange, who served in the Kingston Volunteer Rifles during the rebellion of 1837-38, and who was representative of that city in the Ontario parliament, police magistrate and district paymaster, as well as a brother-in-law of Sir A. Campbell, the present lieutenant-governor of Ontario, and Dr. O. S. Strange, ex-mayor, and now penitentiary surgeon, were the descendants. The last branch to settle in Canada has done so in the person of Major-General Strange. * * * * * He represents an old military family of Scotch origin, and, in the maternal line descent can be traced from Charles Martel and Charlemagne through a long line of warriors. * * * * Major-General Strange has in his possession an old Bible (1679) which contains the records of the birth of Sir R. Strange and of his father and others in the islands of Orkney. To this sketch, the following details of interest may be added respecting our subject and his family. Major-General Strange was born on the 15th September, 1831, in the cantonments of the 26th Cameronian regiment at Merut, East Indies. His father, the late Colonel Harry Francis Strange, served in the Cameronian regiment during the India and China wars, and subsequently commanded the 25th King’s Own Borderers. His mother, Maria Letitia Bland, was a daughter of Major Bland, of Lake View, Killarney, county Kerry, Ireland, and connected with the Herberts and other well known county Kerry families. His paternal grandfather, Captain Alexander Strange, served in the 13th Light Dragoons in India and at Waterloo, and his father’s brother, Captain Alexander Strange, 42nd Highlanders, carried the colors of the “Black Watch” through the battles of the Pyrenees, and died of wound, received at Toulouse; and Captain Thomas Strange served and died in the Royal Navy, leaving three sons, Captain Thomas Strange, who was killed in the Maori war in New Zealand, Colonel H. F. Strange, C.B., Knight of the French Legion of Honor, who served with distinction in the Crimea; and Captain Alexander Strange, of the Osmanli cavalry. Major-General Strange’s only brother, Major Alexander Strange, served in India in his father’s regiment, the King’s Own Borderers, and also with distinction during the war in New Zealand, but died on the homeward passage. Lastly, Major-General Strange’s own sons have been trained to the profession of arms. The eldest boy, Lieutenant Harry Bland Strange, is a graduate of the Royal Military College, Kingston, and after serving as aide-de-camp to his father during the campaign in the Canadian North-West, obtained a commission in the Royal Artillery. The second son, Alexander Wilmot Strange, a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College, was in the North-West on the Military Colonization Ranche near Calgary with which his father is connected, when the rebellion broke out, and true to the loyal and military instincts of his race, and like a lad of spirit, at once enrolled himself in the Alberta Mounted Rifles, with a detachment of which he served until the revolt was suppressed. So that it may be said that for five generations every male of this family has served in the army or navy, and the majority of them have died in the service. Major-General Strange’s own military record has been as stirring and eventful as any in the history of the family. As an artillery officer, he takes rank among the ablest in that arm of the profession, and, as a soldier maintaining the honor of his country’s flag on the field of battle, his personal gallantry and skill were so conspicuous as to be mentioned four times in despatches. Indeed, few officers in the British service seem to have served their Sovereign with greater loyalty and ardor, or to have taken greater pains to perfect themselves in their profession. A real love for that profession appears to have been the mainspring of his whole action from the moment when, on the 17th December, 1851, as a young man of barely twenty years, he received his commission as a second lieutenant of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Previous to this, he had been educated at the Edinburgh Academy and the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich—at the former classically, and at the latter in mathematical and military science. With his entry into the service, however, came no cessation of his studies. On the contrary, his life thenceforward for many years seems to have been one of unceasing application and downright hard work to perfect himself in all the details of his profession, and especially of that important branch of it with which he was more directly associated. Thus we find that between 1852 and 1865, when his opportunities from foreign or active service in the field permitted, he successfully passed through the following courses, for three of which he was specially recommended by the deputy adjutant-general, Royal Artillery, by the director of artillery studies, and by General F. C. Wilmot, commandant, and Colonel Fisher, R.A., chief instructor of the Shoeburyness School of Gunnery: Astronomical Observatory, Woolwich; Musketry Instruction, Department of Artillery Studies, Chemistry of War Stores, Royal Laboratory, Royal Gun Factories, Royal Carriage Department, Royal Waltham Powder Mills, Enfield Small Arms Factory, and Long Course School of Gunnery, Shoeburyness. The official record of his qualifications shows further that he carried off the prize at the Royal Military Academy for military topography and landscape painting; that he mastered the French, Spanish and Hindostani languages; and that he acquired the practice as well as the theory of his profession by serving as district adjutant and quartermaster at Sheerness from 1856 to 1857; as quartermaster to the artillery division on service, and as acting commissary of ordnance and acting adjutant and orderly officer in action from Benares to Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny, in 1857-8; as Hindostani interpreter at Moultan, from 1859 to 1860; and as superintendent and gunnery instructor of the Repository branch of the Woolwich School of Gunnery from 1866 to 1871. His record of foreign service covers two years and a half in garrison at Gibraltar, nearly two years in the West Indies, and about six and a half years in India, and a little over ten years in Canada, or a period of twenty-one years and eight months in all, making, with his home service of close upon ten years, a total of thirty-two years in the military employ of his Sovereign, during which his promotions took place as follows:—First lieutenant, 1853; second captain, 1858; first captain, 1866; lieutenant-colonel, inspector of Canadian artillery, with rank of deputy adjutant-general, 1871; major R.A., 1872; lieutenant-colonel in the army (local), 1875; lieutenant-colonel R.A., 1877; colonel, July, and major-general, retired, December, 1881. The breaking out of the terrible Sepoy rebellion in 1857 furnished to our subject his first experience of active service in the field, and though he was then only a lieutenant, his skill, daring and presence of mind were conspicuous. According to the “Army List,” he was present at the actions of Chanda, Sultanpore, Dhowrarah, and Moonshejunge, the siege and capture of Lucknow, under Sir Colin Campbell, the actions of Korsee, Nawab-gunge, Seraigunge, the affairs of the 22nd and 29th July, the passage of the Gumtee, Oude, including the engagements of the 25th, 26th, 27th and 28th August, and at Doudpoor on the 28th October. In all he served in thirteen engagements, was mentioned four times in despatches, and wears the medal and clasp for Lucknow. During the mutiny he also received his captaincy, and among the complimentary references to his gallant services in the field we note the following in official despatches:—“1st, at Moonshejunge, March 4th, 1858, Lieutenant Strange, R.A., assisted by Captain Middleton, 29th regiment, and other officers, enabled the commanding officer to carry off two captured guns under a heavy matchlock fire from the loopholes (vide despatch No. 3, as above). On the same day, after the engineer officer, Captain Innes, Bengal Engineers (now V.C.), was severely wounded in the attempt, Lieutenant Strange carried the powder-bag to the gate of the interior entrenchment, and with the assistance of Captain Middleton, 29th regiment, fired it. 2nd, on March 26th, 1858, at the capture of the Kaiser Bagh, Lucknow, Colonel Napier (now Lord Napier of Magdala), Bengal Engineers, being engineer directing the attack, Lieutenant Strange, with assistance, endeavored to empty a powder magazine in the great square while the adjacent buildings were on fire. An explosion left that officer the sole survivor (vide the death of Bombardier S. S. Lever, No. 3 company, 14th battalion, forwarded by General Dupuis, R.A., to adjutant-general, Horse Guards). 3rd, on 2nd October, 1858, at Doudpoor, Oude, while in command of right division Q field battery, R.A., and two guns R.H.A., under Lieutenant Lyon, Captain Strange captured two guns and sixteen horses, Brigadier-General Horsford commanding the force. Capture reported.” To these may be added the testimony, of Lieutenant-General Sir Hope Grant, K.C.B., who wrote;—“Lieutenant Strange (now captain) was under my command in Oude, in 1858, during the mutiny, and rendered very efficient service at the crossing of the Goomtee in driving the enemy back and covering the crossing of the force. His two guns, which I sent on in advance, had to be taken in pieces across on rafts, and the horses had to swim the river. His duty was performed to my entire satisfaction. He was also staff officer to the artillery division under Colonel Carleton, at the battle of Nawab-gunge, when he made himself very useful.” Proofs of the same kind might be multiplied, but these suffice to show that our subject is not only an officer of skill and experience, but that he distinguished himself as much by his gallantry in the field as by his decision and coolness in the hour of danger. The removal of the Imperial garrisons from Canada in 1871, and the desire of the Canadian Government, in pursuance of a plan for the defence of the Dominion, to raise some batteries of artillery and to organise a scheme of artillery instruction, introduced him to a new sphere of honorable usefulness. Endorsed by the highest military authorities in England, including H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, commander-in-chief; Sir Hugh Rose, commanding the forces in Ireland; General Sir Hope Grant; General Adye, director-general of artillery, and others too numerous to mention, he came to Canada in that year as lieutenant-colonel and inspector of Canadian artillery, with rank as deputy adjutant-general, and a commission to form and command the 1st garrison of Canadian artillery at Quebec. How successful he was in this task is well known to all acquainted with the soldierly qualities and discipline of those fine corps, A and B batteries, and especially to the people of the ancient capital, who had the best opportunity to witness the difficulties he had to contend with and overcome, and to appreciate, during his nine years’ residence in their midst as commandant of their historic citadel, his admirable qualities as a soldier and a gentleman. Referring to this phase of his Canadian career, the Toronto Globe of the 24th April, 1885, during the height of the rebellion in the Canadian North-West, remarked:—“He established upon enduring foundations the schools of gunnery in which so many have been trained for service in different capacities, and especially as artillerists, and the efficiency of the batteries now at the front is largely owing to the fact that the Government has adopted the more important recommendations which, as inspector of artillery, he has seen fit to make. He is a man of marked will-power, a disciplinarian, and yet one whose commands are not unkindly enforced. But once, while in command of B battery, was he called upon to act the soldier’s part in earnest, and that was during the labor and bread riots in Quebec, in 1878. He acted with a courage and coolness then which showed how well fitted he was for action in an emergency.” To this might be with justice added that on this occasion Colonel Strange also acted with an amount of self-control and humanity as honorable to him as a soldier as it was creditable to him as a man. To his firmness the ancient capital owed the prompt suppression of the trouble, and to his humanity that this stern but needful duty in the interests of law and order was discharged with the least possible effusion of blood. The local press, headed by the Quebec Morning Chronicle, were not slow to acknowledge this indebtedness in the handsomest terms, and the lieutenant-general commanding the Canadian militia, Sir Selby Smith, recognized it in flattering terms in his general order of 18th June, 1878. But it is pleasant to know that the citizens of Quebec have more agreeable recollections of Colonel Strange than those connected with him as the exponent of military force. During his residence of nine years amongst them, he and his officers and men intimately associated themselves with their daily life, and contributed largely to their entertainment and to the gaiety of the city. It would require more space than could be afforded within the scope of this work to do justice to this phase of Colonel Strange’s career in Quebec, but an idea of it can be gathered from the celebration of the Montgomery centennial in 1875, which will ever remain an enduring memory with the Quebecers. On that occasion Colonel Strange thought it his duty to cement Canadian patriotism by reminding Canadians of both nationalities of their forefathers’ struggle to repel invasion. For this purpose, in addition to the valuable historical paper which, as vice-president of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society, he read before the society (on the defence of Quebec in 1775 against the attempt made by the Americans, under Generals Montgomery and Arnold, to capture the fortress), at the fête in commemoration of the centenary of Montgomery’s defeat and death, held in the society’s rooms at the Morrin College, he organized one of the most unique balls imaginable, which came off with the greatest success at the citadel on the very centennial itself, the night of the 31st December, 1875. Of this fête the following graphic account was published at the time: —

The celebration of the centenary at the Literary and Historical Society was followed by a similar demonstration at the Institut Canadien of Quebec, on the 30th, which passed off with great éclat, and by a ball at the citadel on the 31st, given by the commandant, Colonel Strange, R.A., and Mrs. Strange, who entertained a large number of guests dressed in the costume of 1775. The following verses, contributed by “E. L. M.,” a Montreal lady, and dedicated to Colonel Strange, were made an appropriate introduction to the festivities: —

Hark! hark! the iron tongue of time

Clangs forth a hundred years,

And Stadacona on her heights

Sits shedding mournful tears!

Oh! spirits fled, oh! heroes dead,

Oh! ye were slain for me,

And I shall never cease to weep,

Ah! Wolfe, brave soul for thee.

Again the foe are made to know

The force of British steel;

Montgomery and his comrades brave

Fall ’neath the cannon’s peal.

Sudden she sprang upon her feet,

With wild dishevelled hair—

“What are those sounds I hear so sweet

Upon the trembling air?

“The frowning Citadel afar

Is all ablaze with light,

And martial notes, but not of war,

Awake the slumbering night.”

Then on she sped, with airy flight,

Across the historic Plains,

And there beheld a splendid sight—

Valor with beauty reigns.

Where fearless Carleton stood at bay

A hundred years ago,

Under the gallant Strange’s sway

They still defy the foe.

“My sons! my sons! I see ye now,

Filled with the ancient fires,

Your manly features flashing forth

The spirit of your sires!

“Yet here, surrounded by the flower

Of Canada’s fair dames,

Ye are as gentle in these bowers

As brave amidst war’s flames.

“Long may ye live to tell the tale

Transmitted to your mind,

And should again your country call

Like valor she will find.”

One hundred years have passed away, and again soldiers and civilians in the costume of 1775 move about in the old fortress, some in the identical uniforms worn by their ancestors at the time of the memorable repulse.

The Commandant, in the uniform of his corps in 1775, and the ladies in the costume of the same period, received their guests as they entered the ball-room—the approaches to which were tastefully decorated. Half-way between the dressing and receiving rooms is a noble double staircase, the sides of which are draped with Royal standards intermingled with the white and golden lilies of France, our Dominion ensign, and the stars and stripes of the neighboring republic. On either hand of the broad steps are stands of arms and warlike implements. Here, too, facing one when ascending the steps, is the trophy designed by Captain Larue of the B battery. The huge banners fell in graceful folds about the stacks of musketry piled on the right and left above the drums and trumpets; from the centre was a red and black pennant (the American colors of 1775), immediately underneath was the escutcheon of the United States, on which, heavily craped, was hung the hero’s sword—the weapon with which, one hundred years before this night, Montgomery had beckoned on his men. Underneath this kindly tribute to the memory of the dead general were the solemn prayerful initials of the Requiescat in Pace. At the foot of the trophy were two sets of old flint muskets, and accoutrements, piled, and in the centre a brass cannon captured from the Americans in 1775, which bears the lone star and figure of an Indian—the arms of the State of Massachusetts. On either side of this historical tableau, recalling as it did so vividly the troublous times of long ago, telling the lesson so speakingly of the patience and pluck, the sturdy manhood and bravery of a century gone by, were stationed as sentries two splendid specimens of the human race, stalwart giants, considerably over six feet in height, who belonged formerly to the famous Cent Garde of Napoleon III., but now in the ranks of B battery. The stern impassiveness of their faces and the immobility of their figures were quite in keeping with the solemn trust they had to guard.

Dancing commenced; dance succeeded dance, and the happy hours flew past till the midnight hour, which would add another year to our earthly existence. About that time there were mysterious signs and evidences that something unusual was going to happen. There was a hurrying to and fro of the cognoscenti to their respective places, but so noiselessly and carefully were the preparations made for a coup de théatre that the gay throng who perpetually circulated through the rooms took little heed, when all of a sudden the clear clarion notes of a trumpet sounding thrilled the hearts of all present. A panel in the wainscoting of the lower dancing room opened as if by magic, and out jumped a jaunty little trumpeter with the slashed and decorated jacket and busby of a Hussar. The blast he blew rang in tingling echoes far and wide, and a second later the weird piping and drumming, in a music now strange to us, was heard in a remote part of the barracks. Nearer and nearer every moment came the sharp shrill notes of the fifes and the quick detonation of the drum stick taps. A silence grew over the bright cortege, the notes of the band died away, the company clustered in picturesque groups around the stairs where was placed the thin steel blade whose hilt one century gone by was warmed by the hand of Montgomery. The rattle of the drums came closer and closer, two folding doors opened suddenly, and through them stalked in grim solemnity the “Phantom Guard,” led by the intrepid Sergeant Hugh McQuarters. Neither regarding the festive decorations nor the bright faces around them, the guard passed through the assemblage as if they were not, on through saloon and passage, past ball-room and conversation parlor, they glided with measured step, and halted in front of the Montgomery trophy, and paid military honors to the memento of a hero’s valiant, if unsuccessful, act. Upon their taking close order, the bombardier, Mr. Dunn, who impersonated the dead sergeant, and actually wore the sword and blood-stained belts of a man who was killed in action in 1775, addressed Col. Strange, who stood at the bottom of the staircase already mentioned, as follows: —

Commandant! we rise from our graves to-night,

On the Centennial of the glorious fight.

At midnight, just one hundred years ago,

We soldiers fought and beat the daring foe;

And kept our dear old flag aloft, unfurled,

Against the armies of the Western world.

Although our bodies now should be decayed,

At this, our visit, be not sore dismayed;

Glad are we to see our fortress still defended,

By Canadians, French and British blended,

But Colonel, now I’ll tell you, why we’ve risen,

From out of the bosom of the earth’s cold prison ——

We ask of you to pay us one tribute,

By firing from these heights, one last salute.

The grave, sonorous words of the martial request were hardly uttered ere through the darkness of the night, the great cannon boomed out a soldier’s welcome and a brave man’s requiem—causing women’s hearts to throb, and men’s to exult at the warlike sound. While the whole air was trembling with the sullen reverberation and the sky was illuminated with rockets and Roman candles, Colonel Strange responded to his ghostly visitant, in the following original composition: —

’Tis Hugh McQuarters, and his comrades brave,

To-night have risen from their glorious grave ——

To you we owe our standard still unfurled,

Yet flaunts aloft defiance to the world:

God grant in danger’s hour we prove as true,

In duty’s path, as nobly brave as you.

This night we pass, in revel, dance and song,

The weary hours you watched so well and long.

’Mid storm and tempest met the battle shock,

Beneath the shadow of the beetling rock;

When foemen found their winding sheet of snow,

Where broad St. Lawrence wintry waters flow.

Yes! once again those echoes shall awake,

In thunders, for our ancient comrades’ sake;

The midnight clouds by battle bolts be riven,

Response like Frontenac’s may yet be given

If foeman’s foot our sacred soil shall tread.

We seek not history’s bloody page to turn,

For us no boastful words aggressive burn,

Forgotten, few, but undismayed we stand,

The guardians of this young Canadian land.

Oh, blessed peace! thy gentle pinions spread,

Until all our battle flags be furl’d,

In the poet’s federation of the world.

For us will dawn no new centennial day ——

Our very memories will have passed away,

Our beating hearts be still, our bodies dust;

Our joys and sorrows o’er, our swords but rust.

Your gallant deeds will live in history’s page,

In fire side stories, told to youth by age;

But sacred writ still warns us yet again,

How soldier’s science and his valour’s vain

Unless the Lord of Hosts the city keep:

The mighty tremble and the watchmen sleep,

Return grim soldiers to your silent home

Where we, when duty’s done, will also come.

It will not be easy for any of those fortunate enough to have witnessed the impressive and natural way in which this coup de théatre was arranged ever to forget it. Taken either as a tableau vivant of a possible historic event, or as an example of truthful spirited eloquence, on both sides, it was a perfect success. At the suggestion of the resident American consul, Hon. W. C. Howells, the old house in St. Louis street, in which the body of General Montgomery was laid out on the 1st January, 1776, was decorated with the American flag, and brilliantly illuminated that night.

In June, 1880, Colonel Strange went to Kingston with his command on the transfer of the batteries; and, in December, 1881, having received his promotion to the rank of major-general, he not long afterwards retired from the service and became the chief factor in the organization of the Military Colonization Company, whose ranche is about thirty-five miles from Calgary, in the Canadian North-West. His two sons, already mentioned, accompanied him to enter upon pioneer life in the North-West and to help him to found the new home there, to which he has given the Indian name of “Namaka.” The breaking out of the Riel rebellion found them engaged in these peaceful pursuits; but the first note of alarm aroused the old warrior, and before the Canadian authorities had time to grasp all the danger that threatened from the Indians, or to take measures for the protection of the exposed settlements, he was heading his neighbors in an organization for defence and giving the country all the benefit of his great military experience and skill. Our space will not permit our following the history of this organization or of the campaign in which it played so important a part. It may, however, be stated that it became the nucleus of the field force of the Alberta district, which was placed under command of Major-General Strange, and that it not only distinguished itself in the actions at Loon Lake, Frenchman’s Butte and elsewhere, but contributed in no small degree to the suppression of the insurrection by driving Riel’s ally, Big Bear, to bay, and preventing a general and bloody uprising of the other Indian tribes and bands throughout the North-West. Of Major-General Strange’s rôle as its commander in that memorable campaign, it is enough to say that it was in keeping with his high reputation as an organizer, a leader and a soldier; and the Dominion owes him a deep debt of gratitude for the valuable and, it may be added, disinterested services he rendered on the occasion. Professional jealousy may seek to deprive him of his full share of credit in the connection, but an intelligent public will not be slow to apportion to him, as to all the other leading actors in the North-West campaign, his rightful merit. The following is a résumé of the operations of the Alberta field force, as it appeared at the time in the columns of the Calgary Tribune: —

The work done by the force under my command, and the results, may be briefly stated as follows:

The cattle districts in the heart of the Indian reserves were secured, the frontier patrolled, and Indian and Fenian incursions prevented, and telegraph communication established.

These results were mainly obtained by the raising of ranche cavalry and home guards, supplemented by the presence of companies of infantry at forts McLeod, Crowfoot, Gleichan and Calgary. These detachments secured the country against the rising of Blackfeet, Bloods, Peigans, Sarcees, etc., protected the railroad, and prevented its abandonment by the C. P. R. officials during the strike and alarm.

No doubt the feeling of alarm was much exaggerated, but could not be otherwise, owing to the utter absence of arms among the settlers, and the impossibility of getting any from the Government.

The transport and supply were extemporized without even the embryo of the establishments considered necessary in a civilized country, while our difficulties were increased by the complete absence of any supplies in the wilderness country through which we passed, and the want of road, telegraph, or even mail communication.

Nevertheless, the rapid march of the three successive columns of the Alberta Field Force stamped out the incipient seeds of active rebellion among the turbulent tribes who had already commenced depredations, more of whom would have joined the Eastern outbreak, but for the timely appearance and location of troops on their reserves; while a famine was prevented in the districts north of Edmonton by the convoys of provisions brought along the protected line of communication.

A flotilla was built at Edmonton, a further supply of provisions collected, and the hazardous and delicate operation of moving troops simultaneously by land and river, in open boats (touch being maintained throughout), and a final successful junction effected within striking distance of the enemy.

Not a day’s delay occurred from start to finish, though our base of supply was more than 500 miles from our objective. The excellence and carefulness of the scouting almost precluded any chance of disaster, and quickly discovered the position of Big Bear, who was immediately attacked, the result being that, although the numerical inferiority of our force prevented the capture of his position, his band was broken up and demoralized, the majority of the prisoners released, and the subsequent pursuit by the cavalry of this force, under major Steele, completed the surrender of the remainder of the prisoners, the total dispersion of his band, and his ultimate surrender. Not a shot was fired in connection with these results, except by the Alberta Field Force, with only a loss of six wounded. Plainly drawing attention to these results is a duty I conceive due to the officers and men I feel it an honor to have commanded. By their patient endurance, sense of duty and steadiness under fire, these results were produced. Your obedient servant,

(Signed) T. B. Strange,
Major-General, Late Com., Alberta Field Force.

On the suppression of the rebellion, he received the Saskatchewan medal and clasp, and once more, like a modern Cincinnatus, beat his sword into a ploughshare and resumed the cultivation of the arts of peace at his home at “Namaka,” near Calgary, where he continued to reside until a broken leg, by a kick from a horse, followed by a second fracture, obliged him to resign the active management of the Military Colonization Ranche. Before leaving the phase of his eventful career connected with the Canadian North-West, it should be stated that in January, 1887, he offered as an Independent candidate for the seat for Alberta in the Dominion parliament, but withdrew before going to the polls, the time having evidently not yet come for the election of representatives unpledged to either political party. He is a member of no society except temperance societies, of whose principles he has always been a warm and consistent advocate, though never a Prohibitionist. He has travelled over the greater part of Europe, visited North and South Africa, the United States, Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific, the East and West Indies, and crossed the Himalaya mountains into Thibet and Central Asia. He has also been a prolific writer, especially on military questions. Besides editing the Canadian Military Review, he has published an “Artillery Retrospect of the last Great War, 1870-71,” “Military Aspect of Canada,” and a work on “Field Artillery,” besides his reports on militia matters, defence of British Columbia, etc., which have been printed in the Canadian Militia Reports, and for the most part acted upon. His wife, who has been a true helpmate to him and followed his fortunes with loving devotion from India to Canada, was a Miss Eleanor Taylor, daughter of Captain R. Taylor, of the East India Company’s service, and to her he was united at Simla, East Indies, in October, 1862. By her, he has had issue, seven children, five of whom, including the two sons already mentioned, survive.

Pipes, Hon. William Thomas, Barrister, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born at Amherst on the 15th April, 1850. His paternal ancestors came from England, and his maternal ancestors were U. E. loyalists. The family has resided in Cumberland county, N.S., for over a hundred years, and have been chiefly engaged in farming and shipbuilding. His parents were Jonathan and Caroline Pipes. The subject of this sketch received his educational training in the Amherst Academy and Acadia College. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1878. Since then he has successfully practised his profession in Amherst. At the general election held in 1878, he unsuccessfully opposed Sir Charles Tupper, in Cumberland county, for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa, but shortly afterwards he was returned for the same county to the Legislative Assembly of his native province. On the 3rd of August, 1882, he became president of the executive council and premier of the government. He declined the office of attorney-general. On the 15th July, 1884, he retired from the ministry, and finally, two years afterwards, from political life. In politics Mr. Pipes is a Liberal, and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. He has travelled a good deal, and has visited England, Ireland, France, and the United States of America. On the 23rd November, 1876, he was married to Ruth Eliza, daughter of David McElmon. Mr. Pipes has spent an active and useful life, and is greatly respected by his friends and acquaintances.

Smith, George Byron, Wholesale Dry Goods Merchant, Toronto, M.P.P. for East York, is one of those whom nature has designed to become a leader of men. His paternal grandfather came from the state of Connecticut, United States, and settled near Cobourg, Ontario, many years ago. His maternal grandfather was a United Empire loyalist, and emigrated from Massachusetts to Canada shortly after the revolutionary war. George Byron Smith, the subject of our sketch, first saw the light on the 7th March, 1839, at Newtonville, Durham county, and received his education in the public schools of his native place. Having secured a good commercial education, he removed to St. Mary’s, and began business as a merchant in that then thriving town. Here he was very successful, and having accumulated considerable wealth, resolved to seek a larger field for his operations, and some years ago he removed to Toronto, where as a merchant he has been equally successful. While in St. Mary’s he served two years in the town council, and in Toronto he served as alderman for one year. Having aspirations of a higher order than that of alderman, he began to take an active interest in politics, and at the last general election for the Ontario legislature was returned to represent the East Riding of York in that body, defeating his opponent, H. P. Crosby, by 765 votes. In politics Mr. Smith is a staunch Reformer, and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian church. He has already made his mark in the legislature, and we predict for him a brilliant future. He is married to Maria, daughter of William H. Allen, of the township of Hope, and has a family of two daughters, one of whom is married to a son of James Trow, M.P. for South Perth, Ontario.

Gould, George, Walkerton, Ontario, was born in Enniskillen, Ireland, on the 5th November, 1827, and came to Canada with his parents in 1829. His father, William Gould, was a lieutenant of the 86th regiment of the line. His grandfather, who died in India, was also in the Imperial service and was killed in one of the battles of the Mahratta war. Mr. Gould was an only son and was educated at Nashville, Tennessee, University, where he received a classical and engineering education. After his college course he entered the service of the United States government as chief clerk in the post office in Nashville, which position he occupied for four years. The insalubrity of the climate, however, compelled him to return to Canada in 1845, where he followed up his profession as a surveyor and engineer. Mr. Gould was one of the first settlers in the town of Arran, and facts connected with his active and energetic participation in the early development of that wealthy municipality are fully on record. Three townships of Bruce were originally surveyed by him, namely, Amabel, Albemarle and Arran, and in Grey county he also surveyed five townships. In 1860, Mr. Gould was appointed second provisional clerk of the provisional county of Bruce, and held the position until Bruce became an independent county, when he was appointed in 1867 the first county clerk, and has performed the duties of that office uninterruptedly ever since. He continued for a few years to follow his profession of engineering till the duties of his office became such as to require his whole time. In 1857, Mr. Gould was made a justice of the peace; he is also a notary public and a commissioner in the Queen’s Bench, and has held a number of other important official positions. In politics, Mr. Gould is a staunch Conservative, and in religion, an earnest member of the Methodist body. On the 19th of January, 1855, Mr. Gould became a benedict, marrying Elizabeth Snowden, of Owen Sound. He has had by this marriage six children, four sons and two daughters. Two of his sons, one a lawyer and the other a doctor, both died early in life. Had they been spared, they would, no doubt, have been an ornament and credit to their professions. His daughter, Minnie, married Dr. John Gardner, who, at one time, held the position of court physician to the king of the Fiji Islands. Mr. Gould is a courteous, talented and obliging man, thoroughly conversant with all the details of his business, while in private life he is one of the most popular and highly esteemed citizens of Walkerton.

Moore, Dennis, Hamilton. By the death of Mr. Moore, on the 20th November, 1887, the city of Hamilton lost one of its most prominent, staunch and active citizens. He was born at Grimsby, on the 20th of August, 1817, and hence was in his 71st year at the time of his demise. He came to Hamilton in 1831, and had resided here ever since. Not long after coming he was apprenticed to Edward Jackson, with whom he remained until he was promoted to a partnership in the business. On the retirement of Mr. Jackson, Mr. Moore became senior of the firm of D. Moore & Co., which position he held until his death. His thorough business habits and consequent success generally drew him into a number of other enterprises in addition to his own business. Although never very strong physically, he led a very active life. He was stockholder and director in several manufactories, banks and insurance companies, the principal ones being the Canada Life Assurance Company, the Hamilton Provident and Loan Society, the Bank of Hamilton, the Traders Bank, the Canada Landed Banking and Loan Company, the Ontario Cotton Company, the Hamilton Bridge and Tool Company and the Burn-Robinson Manufacturing Company. He was never neutral or silent on social, religious or educational questions, but always threw himself into movements that tended to the upbuilding of society. He was a member of the Centenary Methodist Church, a class-leader, trustee and treasurer, and it is no exaggeration to say that his death caused a greater blank there than could be made by the death of any other man since the days of Edward Jackson. The whole congregation was bereaved in his death, for every interest of the church had his hearty assistance and cordial sympathy. He became a member of the church in his boyhood; and it was one of the pleasantest recollections of his life, as well as an earnest [missing text] of what was to come, that the first sovereign he ever earned was given to a benevolent object. Many kind memories gather round his name, not simply because he was an honorable and successful business man, nor because of his numerous and liberal contributions to the various benevolent associations, nor because of his long continued official standing in his church, nor because of the prominent part that he took in the political welfare of Canada, but rather because that as a man he always showed a practical sympathy with every movement for the relief and elevation of his fellow-men. To secure his co-operation in any movement one had only to show him that it was likely to do good. He was eminently catholic in his religious convictions, and had a creed broad enough to take in all that loved the Saviour of the world. It is not claimed for him that he was a theologian, but such a life as his proclaims the gospel that this world needs most. He had a profound conviction of the truth of Christianity, and what it had proved to him he desired all others to share. Hence he was a very liberal contributor to missionary objects. To that cause he gave thousands, and his contributions were not of the spasmodic or fitful kind, but steady and on principle. It was so with educational matters also. When Canada had not a college for the education and graduation of young ladies, he united with others in the establishment of the Wesleyan Ladies’ College. He was one of its largest stockholders, and had been president of its board for several years. In his death, Victoria College lost one of its most liberal friends. For several years he supported the chair of Natural Science, and it is understood that he made permanent provision for that chair. He seems to have enjoyed the luxury of giving—hence his work will go on and continue to bless the generations yet to come. But, wiser than many successful men, he did not leave for his will his largest donations. For years he had been scattering his bounty, and he enjoyed the rare pleasure of seeing the results of his givings. Many a man much richer than he has passed away “unwept, unhonored and unsung.” But Dennis Moore, in the unselfish out-goings of his life, touched the city of his adoption in so many ways that he left a blank that few, very few, men could possibly fill. In politics Mr. Moore was a life-long Reformer. He was extensively engaged in manufactures, and at a time when many of his old political and business associates were leaving the fold with the hope of making money faster, pressure was put upon him to do likewise. But Dennis Moore never wavered. He did not think that a business man ought to look to the legislature for his profits. He let everybody know where he stood, and he worked harder and subscribed more liberally than ever to obtain Reform success. In 1882 he was a Reform candidate, along with Mr. Irving, for the House of Commons, but was defeated. Mr. Moore died in the bosom of his family. His wife and children were present. He had four daughters and one son: Mrs. W. A. Robinson, Mrs. Charles Black, Mrs. W. H. Glassco, Mary Moore, and Edward J. Moore.

Rolland, Hon. Jean Baptiste, Montreal, was born at Vercheres, Quebec, on the 2nd January, 1815. His grandfather came from France over a century ago, and his father, Pierre Rolland, was born at Vercheres, so that it can be seen that the family come of an old and honored ancestry. His mother, Euphrasine Donais, of the parish of Contrecœur, was also a member of an old French-Canadian family. The subject of this sketch was educated in the parish school of St. Hyacinthe, but when seventeen years of age he determined to seek his fortune elsewhere, and possessed of indomitable pluck and energy, and with only twenty-five cents ready cash in his pocket, he set out for Montreal. Although he was friendless and alone, he soon made some headway, entering the office of La Minerve as an apprentice to the printing trade, and afterwards worked for some years on the Courrier. In 1842, Mr. Rolland started in the book, paper and fancy goods trades, and the firm of J. B. Rolland & Fils, has for many years past been favorably known to the trade of the entire Dominion as extensive dealers in home manufactures, as well as large importers of French, German and English fancy goods, with a very large paper mill at St. Jerome. Leaving the active management of the mercantile business in the hands of his sons, Mr. Rolland entered extensively into the real estate business, buying valuable properties in the city of Montreal, besides acquiring extensive tracts of land in the adjoining village of Hochelaga. He built largely on his lands, both in Montreal and Hochelaga, acting as his own architect as well as contractor; and his success is an excellent illustration of the fact that money can always be made through judicious investments in real estate. In politics Mr. Rolland was always a pronounced Conservative, rendering valuable aid to his party, and his services in this respect were recognised by his being called to the Dominion Senate in 1887, in succession to the late Senator Senecal. In March of this year (1888), the honorable gentleman was taken suddenly ill at his residence in Montreal, and despite prompt and skilful medical attendance, died on the 22nd March, deeply regretted by a large circle of public and private friends. Mr. Rolland took an active interest in municipal affairs, having been alderman for East Montreal ward for nine years, and a magistrate since 1855. He was always prompt in identifying himself with any movement likely to build up the city of his adoption, and was at various times president of the Board of Trade and Manufactures, and of the St. Jean Baptiste Society; a director of the Citizens’ Insurance Company, and one of the harbor commissioners. Although himself a Roman Catholic, Mr. Rolland was one of these gentle, conciliatory spirits, who was on the most cordial terms with all classes—not only in politics, but in religion. He was married in 1839, to Esther Dufresne, of St. Laurent, and had issue twelve children, six sons and six daughters, four of each still living.

Drysdale, William, Bookseller, Montreal, was born in the city of Montreal on the 17th of April, 1847. His father, Adam Drysdale, was a native of Dunfermline, Scotland, settled in Canada many years ago, and for a long time held a position in the civil service of Canada, conferred upon him by the late Lord Elgin. His grandfather was one of the first persons to engage in the shipping trade between Scotland and Canada, especially to the port of Montreal. William Drysdale, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Montreal, in the school conducted by Mr. Hicks, who afterwards became the first principal of the Normal School in that city. Here he received a thorough commercial training, but owing to the serious illness of his father at the time, he was prevented from taking a classical course. After leaving school he entered the office of the late John Dougall, who was then publishing the Weekly Witness, and also carrying on a book business. Young Drysdale was given almost the entire charge of the book branch, which he conducted to the satisfaction of his employer. After a short time he entered the service of another bookseller, Mr. Grafton, with whom he remained for ten years, and was the confidential manager of the firm. In 1874 he commenced business on his own account, and owing to his early training and urbanity of manner soon acquired a business that is now second to none in the Dominion. His business relations extend from Gaspé to British Columbia. He has already published a number of important Canadian works that are of great value, in a historical sense, to the country at large. Mr. Drysdale, having strictly confined himself to business, has not had much time to devote to political affairs. He is in no sense a party man, but he takes a broad view of things generally. As a private citizen he, however, always takes an active part in whatever tends to improve his native city and help his fellow-citizens. He is on the executive of the following:—Society for the Protection of Women and Children, the Dominion Temperance Alliance, Boys’ Home (of which he is treasurer), Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, a life member of the Mechanics’ Institute, governor of the Montreal Dispensary, and is one of the most active promoters of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane. Mr. Drysdale is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is a superintendent of one of the Sunday schools. He was married in 1888 to Mary Mathie Wales, daughter of the late Charles Wales, merchant, of St. Andrews East. Duncan MacGregor Crerar, a New York poet, sums up Mr. Drysdale’s character in the following lines: —

Some are while careful of their own affairs,

And when successfully amassing wealth,

Who oft times will withdraw as if by stealth,

To render good to others unawares.

Well known to them the haunts of poverty,

Clothed are the naked, and the hungry fed,

Oft take they place beside the patient’s bed,

To cheer sad hours; to soothe keen agony.

These are earth’s salt—they labor with a mind,

Distress relieving, lessening human woe;

In all their actions earnest, gentle, kind,

Leaving sweet impress whereso’er they go.

Theirs Heaven’s reward; a crown upon each brow,

Warm hearted Drysdale! such a man art thou!

Van Koughnet, S. J., Q.C., Toronto, Ontario.—The subject of this sketch, born in the year 1832, or 1833, was a younger, though now the oldest surviving, son of the late Hon. Colonel Van Koughnet, of Cornwall, for many years a member of both legislatures of old Canada, who had seen service in the war of 1812, and afterwards commanded a regiment at the battle of Prescott in 1837, as also at the Coteau, of which regiment, when put on an Imperial footing, he retained command until disbanded several years subsequently. The Van Koughnet family is probably one of the oldest in the country. Their native place was Colmar, Alsace, from which they emigrated in 1750, coming to the present United States of America, and settling in Massachusetts, on the site of the present city of Springfield—the Woolwich of that country, that city in fact being built upon their property. In the war of 1783 they maintained their allegiance to the British crown, and the grandfather of the subject of the present sketch was accordingly proscribed by the United States government, his property confiscated, and he obliged, with many others, to flee the country or take the consequences of a price having been set upon his head. He accordingly left with his wife and two infant children, taking an Indian for his guide, and crossed in the depth of winter to British territory, striking Cornwall, in the county of Stormount, then a wilderness, with the exception of a few Dutch settlers who had found their way thither. The original name was von Gochnat, which subsequently became corrupted into van Koughnet, the prefix of which, van, is Dutch, and the change was brought about by contact with the Dutch residents, who did not understand the German von, and was acquiesced in by the family, who seemed to have little anxiety for anything, in their straitened condition, than finding the ready means of subsistence for themselves. S. J. Van Koughnet was named after his uncle, the Rev. J. J. S. Mountain, brother of the late bishop of Quebec. Mr. Van Koughnet was in the first place educated in the same old school-house in Cornwall where the late Bishop Strachan had educated his father, the late Sir John Robinson, Sir James McCauley, Chief Justice McLean, Judge Hagerman, and many others of Canada’s noted men. Mr. Van Koughnet then matriculated at Trinity University, being one of its earliest students, having taken a scholarship as a result of his matriculation examination. There he was a very hard worker, taking, as shown by the university calendar, prize after prize, and graduating in first-class honors in classics in 1854, having been sent the Oxford degree examination papers for that year. He had also previously in that year taken the English essay prize which in England is the most coveted of all, and he was gold medallist as a result of his degree examination. Mr. Van Koughnet had been originally, like his late brother, the chancellor, intended for the church, and went through the usual divinity course with that view. He subsequently, however, like him changed his mind, chiefly it is said in consequence of a dread of the grave responsibility of the office. This it is also said he ever afterwards regretted, though some of his friends believed it was well he did, as his very advanced views were unsuited to this country, and his course in church politics it was thought, when party warfare ran high in the church in this diocese, fully justified this opinion. In these, at the time indicated, he might have said of himself, “Magna pars fui.” He was noted for his unswerving fidelity to his friends and loyalty to the church and her doctrines as he claimed to understand them. When those troublous times happily came to an end, on the election of the present bishop (Sweetman), whom he agreed loyally to support, though he humbly differed from him in his views on several cardinal points, Mr. Van Koughnet at once retired from church politics, and never afterwards appeared in the synod, where he had been for twenty years so well known, and where, though seldom taking a conspicuous part in debate, he was not the less attentively listened to when he did. On giving up the church Mr. Van Koughnet studied law, and was called to the bar in 1859, and entered into partnership with his late brother, M. R. Van Koughnet. On his first appearance in court he was congratulated by the late C. J. Draper on the eloquence of his address to the jury in opening a case for malicious prosecution, in which he obtained a verdict for his client. After a few years he dissolved his connection with his brother, and did a large business alone, then confining himself principally to equity, where he soon acquired a lucrative practice. He had not long been practising there before he was appointed by the late V. C. Esten guardian of infants in that court, and among the most perplexing cases of the kind he ever had to do with was that of the late Mrs. Ellis, daughter of the late highly respected Peter Paterson, whom, when only sixteen or seventeen years of age and then a ward of the court, the late Mr. Ellis, the well-known King street jeweller, married without the consent of the court. This had always been considered, and very properly, an offence, and contempt of court, and Mr. Van Koughnet, who was then acting for her, felt bound in the exercise of his official duty, however reluctantly, to bring the matter before the notice of the court and ask for direction as to the course to be pursued. The presiding judge on this occasion happened to be his own brother, the late chancellor, who heard the statement of facts and, with that kindness of heart so characteristic of him, having known both families for many years, came to the conclusion that the young lady would be properly cared for, and, her property being judiciously settled, that there was no occasion for rigidly enforcing the rule of the court, and so allowed the matter to drop. This appointment Mr. Van Koughnet held for some years, when he was deprived of it in some mysterious way he could never exactly discover, and the present guardian, J. Hoskin, succeeded him. He spoke to his brother the chancellor on this subject, but he from obvious motives, declined to interfere, though expressing himself strongly on the subject at the time. In 1864 Mr. Van Koughnet was appointed legal reporter to the Court of Common Pleas, and soon achieved a reputation for himself, not only for the ability with which he conducted his reports, but for the wonderful dispatch with which he issued them. Hitherto there had been great and it was thought inexcusable delay in the publication of the reports of this court, and Mr. Van Koughnet was determined that the reproach should be speedily removed, and so it was; and he has ever since been noted for the same characteristics in connection with the reports, both as reporter of that court and of the Court of Queen’s Bench, which he now holds, in succession to Christopher Robinson, Q.C., with whom as fellow reporter he worked for several years. Indeed, his present serious illness, which at the moment of writing we regret to learn is likely to become still more serious, is largely attributable, his medical attendants we understand state, to over-devotion to his work at Osgoode Hall, which it is said he should have abandoned long before he at last consented, when probably too late, so to do. It was thought by many of his friends that Mr. Van Koughnet was unwise to bury himself, as in their opinion he was doing, in the mere literary work of the profession, as that of a reporter is said to imply, and that he should have thrown himself more into the active work of the bar, for which his undoubted talents and his display of forensic ability on several occasions amply fitted him; but his inclinations were always of a literary tendency, and he has been heard to say that he could not condescend to many of the tricks and almost dishonesties which seemed inseparable from the successful career of a nisi prius counsel in particular. These considerations, and the demands of a rapidly increasing family upon his purse decided him upon accepting the more quiet but congenial position of reporter to the courts; besides, as he used to say, he got rid of the profanum vulgus in the shape of clients. In politics Mr. Van Koughnet was always a strong Conservative, but, though no family was ever better entitled to it, he neither sought, it is said, nor ever received government patronage of any kind, unless, indeed, having acted as secretary to the celebrated Royal commission in connection with the Pacific Railway investigation is to be looked upon as partaking of that character. For that position, however, he was designated by the late Hon. J. H. Cameron, and suddenly called to Ottawa by telegram, hardly knowing for what. The duties of the office in question he discharged with marked ability, though he had never before acted in a similar capacity, largely assisting in organising the whole work of the commission, advising on difficult questions of law as they arose, and drawing from the commissioners at the conclusion of his work a flattering testimonial, from which what is above written has been in fact taken. The report of that celebrated investigation was drawn by him, and was considered a highly able document, covering, as it did, many pages of an octavo pamphlet. Mr. Van Koughnet, we have heard, bitterly regretted having given up his original intention of taking orders; in fact it was said he considered many a disappointment in after life and many a sorrow but the consequence of his change of intention in that respect. Among the several distinctions he was honored with were those of M.A., D.C.L. (by examination), and Q.C., which he was created some five years ago. Most markedly belonging to the old school in social life, now fast dying out in Canada—shall we not say on many accounts to be regretted?—Mr. Van Koughnet for many years past has been little seen in society, which he seemed to avoid, though of a most genial nature and with a vein of humor not alien to the family. His bearing to all, whether high or low, was ever courteous and obliging; and at Osgoode Hall, where he was perhaps best known, he was a recognised favorite, particularly among the younger bar, with whom in his position as reporter he was necessarily much brought into contact, and to whom he always lent a ready and sympathetic ear. Mr. Van Koughnet married in early life, and whilst still a student, a daughter of the late Senator Seymour. Six children comprise his family, his eldest daughter being married to Albert Nordheimer, of Toronto, and two younger daughters to the only son of Sir John Macdonald and Rev. Canon Machray, of St. John’s College, Winnipeg, respectively. His fourth daughter is still unmarried, and two sons are engaged in banking business. It may be added that the learned gentleman’s children are noted for their almost phenomenal beauty.

[Note.—The above facts were with difficulty secured from Mr. Van Koughnet’s family, by whom access was given, after more than one application, to several old family documents, from which the particulars were obtained.]

Aikins, William T., M.D., LL.D., Dean of the Medical Faculty of Toronto University, was born in the county of Peel, Ontario, on the 4th of June, 1827. His father, James Aikins, emigrated from the county of Monaghan, Ireland, to Philadelphia, in the year 1816, and after a residence of four years there removed to Upper Canada with his family, and purchased a quantity of land in the first concession north of the Dundas road, in the township of Toronto, about thirteen miles from the town of York. This was over sixty-seven years ago, when that township, like nearly every other part of the province, was sparsely settled, and there was not a church or place of worship in the neighborhood; the itinerant Methodist preacher being the only exponent of the Gospel to the people. Mr. Aikins, like the greater part of the immigrants from the north of Ireland, had been brought up in the Presbyterian faith, but soon after settling in Peel he joined the Methodist body, and his house became a well known place of meeting for worship among the people of the settlement. Dr. Aikins received his education, like his brother, the Hon. James Cox Aikins, the lieutenant-governor of Manitoba, in the public schools of the neighborhood, and afterwards attended Victoria College, Cobourg. After passing through that university he removed to Toronto, where he took up the study of medicine, and was granted a license to practise in 1849. He, however, to better fit himself for his important calling went to Philadelphia and entered the Philadelphia College of Medicine, and graduated in 1850 with the degree of M.D. On his return to Toronto Dr. Aikins soon began to take a foremost position in the profession, especially in surgery, and is now one of the leading surgeons of the present day. He is one of the first members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and has been the treasurer of the same since its foundation. For about twenty-four years he was one of the medical staff of the Toronto General Hospital, and is now consulting surgeon of the same institution. He also holds the position of surgeon to the Central Prison, Toronto. But it is in his connection with the Toronto School of Medicine that Dr. Aikins has most signally distinguished himself. He has been one of its faculty from its inception, first as professor of anatomy, and subsequently on surgery, as well as dean of the faculty. For thirty-eight years Dr. Aikins has been engaged in assisting the young members of the profession to qualify themselves for the duties of life; and in order that he might be the better enabled to accomplish this, he took a trip to the principal seats of learning in Great Britain and the continent of Europe, so as to study the latest scientific methods of treatment and see experiments performed that would be of benefit to his pupils on his return. The question of organizing a medical faculty to the University of Toronto having become a public matter, Dr. Aikins and the faculty of the Toronto School of Medicine were invited by the senate to amalgamate their school and become part of our national university. This, after mature consideration, was acceded to, and in the fall of 1887 Toronto School of Medicine ceased to exist as a separate institution, and is now an integral part of Toronto University, Dr. Aikins being elected dean of the medical faculty and professor of surgery in the new medical branch of the university. In 1884 his alma mater, Victoria University, conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. In religion he is a member of the Methodist church, and takes an active interest in everything that helps to advance her interests. In politics he is a Reformer.

Mackenzie, John Mills, Mayor of Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Moncton, county of Westmoreland, N.B., on the 27th April, 1825. He is, on the paternal side, of Scotch descent, his grandfather having come from Scotland many years ago, and settled in the maritime provinces. His father, William Mackenzie, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and his mother, Charlotte Mills, of English descent, first saw the light in Moncton, having been the first child by English parents born in the locality in which her father and mother resided after coming from Poughkeepsie, state of New York, at the close of the American revolutionary war. Mr. Mackenzie was educated at Moncton, and received a sound English course. When quite a young man he started out in life and was engaged from 1842 to 1851 as a school teacher in his native county and the adjoining county of Albert; and afterwards he engaged in commercial pursuits for a period of nine years. He then became deputy-sheriff of Westmoreland county, and from 1861 to 1867 held this office, and became curator of the Westmoreland bank—having been appointed to that position by the Supreme Court of New Brunswick—and wound up its affairs. Subsequently he was appointed official assignee by the Dominion government under the then Insolvency Act. He was by the local government appointed to the office of justice of the peace and commissioner for taking special bail, and for taking affidavits to be read in the Supreme Court. Mr. Mackenzie took an active part in the purchase of the Moncton Tannery Company’s property, and assisted in the organization of a new company which was successfully operated until its property was destroyed by fire. The company immediately rebuilt its premises, but before the expiration of the second year the building was again destroyed by fire, when the company paid their liabilities in full and gave up business. After this he helped to organize the following companies, namely: The Moncton Gas-Light and Water Company, the Moncton Sugar Refining Company, and the Moncton Cotton manufacturing Company, all of which have since been successfully carried on. Mr. Mackenzie is connected with the Masonic brotherhood, and is a member of Keith Lodge, and also of the Botsford Royal Arch Chapter, both of which he helped to organize. He has occupied the position of town councillor for several terms; and was elected to the position of mayor of the town in March, 1887, and this honorable position he still occupies. He is one of Moncton’s most spirited citizens, and takes great interest in every movement that has for its object the moral and material interests of its inhabitants. In religion he belongs to the Baptist denomination. On the 3rd April, 1855, he was married to Sarah Caroline Cornwall, who is of English loyalist descent.

Gibbons, Robert, Goderich, Sheriff of the County of Huron, belongs to an old Birmingham family (of England), where his father, William Gibbons, and his ancestors for several generations, were born, though he himself dates his birth to Glasgow, Scotland, December the 24th, 1811. His father was an ingenious machinist, and was engaged for years in turning, finishing and fitting up machinery. The maiden name of the Sheriff’s mother was Margaret M. McDonald, who was born in Scotland. In June, 1820, the family left the old world for Canada, landing at Quebec in August, and settled on land in the county of Lanark. About four hundred persons came out on the same vessel from Glasgow, and made their home in the same county, each head of the family having received 100 acres of land from the government, on condition that they would occupy and improve it. Robert aided his father in clearing a farm there. In 1827, he went with the family to Pottsdam, St. Lawrence county, New York, where he spent five years in cultivating the soil, and where he received most of his education. On leaving here on 16th May, 1832, he reached Goderich, walking all the way from Toronto, a distance of 135 miles. The place then contained about two hundred and fifty inhabitants, and he has seen it expand into a town of about six thousand people. When Mr. Gibbons reached this point he had but a few dollars left, but he had the wealth of a sound constitution, two hands already toil-hardened, and a disposition to use them to good advantage. After working a few months at farming, he opened a meat shop, and for sixteen years was a butcher and cattle buyer, in which he proved himself a very energetic business man. After a short time, he again turned his attention to farming and stock-raising, which he continued until a few years ago. When the rebellion broke out he went into the militia as a sergeant, and retired in March, 1838, a lieutenant. In 1867 Mr. Gibbons was elected to the Ontario legislature, to represent South Huron; lost his seat during the second session; was re-elected in 1871, serving two sessions, and in November, 1872, resigned, and accepted the shrievalty of the county, which position he still holds, and is an efficient and obliging officer. In politics he is a Reformer, and has spent much time and money for the benefit of the cause and in disseminating the principles of his party. Mr. Gibbons has done an unusual amount of work in the town and county municipalities. Commencing in the district council in 1848, he served as reeve nearly twenty years, and warden thirteen years in succession, first in the united counties of Huron and Bruce, then of Huron alone. He was elected mayor in 1853, 1854 and 1855, and his labors in the town and county have been of great value to the community. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Board of Agriculture and Arts Association of Ontario, and served in that position for nine years. He was vice-president in 1873, and president, in 1874, and his address the latter year was ordered to be printed in pamphlet form, and was widely distributed. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, is one of the most liberal supporters of the gospel in Goderich, and has assisted many houses of worship in the county as well as in the town. Although he has been always a hard-working man, and is now well up in years, yet he is well preserved; has a cheerful disposition, and a good share of bonhomie, which qualities shorten no one’s days. He has been twice married, first in November, 1835, to Jane Wilson, of Cumberland, England, who died in May, 1873, leaving five children, one of whom shortly afterwards died; another, the only son, dying in February, 1879. His second marriage took place in June, 1874, to Alice Roddy, also from England.

Robertson, Hon. Thomas, Hamilton, Ontario, Judge of Chancery Division, High Court of Justice, was born in the village of Ancaster, on the 25th January, 1827. At that time Ancaster was the most important business centre west of York. His father, the late Alexander Robertson, of Goderich, a remote descendant of the clan Donnachie, came to Canada in 1820, from Foxbar, in Renfrewshire, which had been the home of his family for several generations, since the time when the misfortunes of Prince Charles, having proved the ruin of so many of his adherents, not a few of the Robertsons had left their beloved Rannoch to seek for better fortunes in the, to them, unwontedly peaceful pursuits of the lowlands. He was married in 1824 to Matilda, eldest daughter of Col. Titus Geir Simons, high sheriff of the old Gore district, who had served in command of his regiment in the war of 1812-13, and fought at Lundy’s Lane, where he was dangerously wounded. Of this marriage the Hon. Mr. Robertson is the eldest child. He was educated at the London and Huron District Grammar Schools and the University of Toronto; studied law under the late Hon. John Hillyard Cameron; became an attorney in 1849, was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1852; became a Queen’s counsel under patent from the Earl of Dufferin, governor-general in 1873, and a bencher of the Law Society of Ontario, in 1874. He began his professional career at Dundas, whence he subsequently removed to Hamilton, where he enjoyed a large practice, and a widely extended reputation as a leading nisi prius advocate. He was the first Crown attorney for Wentworth, and remained such until 1863, when he was superseded by the appointment by Sandfield Macdonald of the late S. B. Freeman, Q.C., to the clerkship of the peace, whereby he became also ex-officio Crown attorney. At the first general election after Confederation, Mr. Robertson contested South Wentworth with Mr. Rymal, the then sitting member for that constituency, at whose hands he suffered defeat by a majority of twenty-seven votes. Mr. Robertson and his colleague F. E. Kilvert, now collector of Customs for Hamilton, were elected at the general election of 1878, in opposition to Mr. Irving, Q.C., and Mr. Wood, the late members, to the representation of the constituency for which they were then returned, at the general election in 1882, and continued to represent that city until his elevation to the Bench of the High Court of Justice of Ontario of the Chancery Division in February, 1887. In politics he was a Liberal-Conservative and a supporter of the National Policy, which in its main features he strongly advocated in 1867, in his contest with Mr. Rymal in South Wentworth. He was also in favor of compulsory voting, which he suggested as a desirable amendment of the law, both through the press and in letters to Hon. Edward Blake and other persons so long ago as 1870. Hon. Mr. Robertson married, in June, 1850, Frances Louisa, youngest daughter of the late Theodore Reed, one of the earliest pioneers of the Huron Tract, by whom he has three sons and one daughter living.

Murray, William, Sherbrooke, Quebec, was born in the county of Armagh, Ireland, on the 15th day of August, 1845. He came to Canada with his parents when a lad, and was educated at St. Edwards, in the county of Napierville, P.Q., taking a commercial course. He was then apprenticed to the grocery trade in Montreal with Alexander McGibbon, and remained with him from 1861 to 1865. He then went to Sherbrooke, and opened a retail general store, in which he continued till the year 1881. By strict attention to business he succeeded in building up a large trade connection. In 1881, believing that he could increase his business still further, he sold out the retail store and started as a wholesale merchant, and his business at the present time is a large and lucrative one. Mr. Murray has always taken a great interest in municipal affairs, and has been a school trustee since 1876. He was appointed in 1878 by the government a member of the commissioners’ court for the township of Ascot, P.Q., and continued to hold this office until 1887, when, on the coming into office of the Mercier administration, his commission was revoked on political grounds. In 1885 Mr. Murray was elected for the first time to the city council, and was chosen chief magistrate of Sherbrooke in 1887. In January, 1888, his friends again elected him to the city council, and this time by acclamation. He is also one of the trustees of the St. Michael’s cemetery, being elected one of the first members of the board. He is a director of the Eastern Townships Colonization Company, and was elected its president in 1888. As the principal shareholders of this company are in Nantes, France, it will be seen that though not one of their countrymen, his fellow shareholders have the greatest confidence in his financial abilities. He was also one of the founders of the Typographical Printing Company, has been a director since its organization, and in 1877 was its president. In politics Mr. Murray is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion a Roman catholic. He was married on the 25th of May, 1868, to Amelia Moreau, daughter of Michael Moreau, of Montreal, a descendant of an old French family, by whom he has a family of three daughters and two sons.

Young, Edward, A.M., Ph.D., Member of the Statistical Society of London; Member of the Geographical Society of France; United States Consul at Windsor, N.S., son of Clarke and Sarah Wingate Young, was born December 11, 1814, at the family household, in Falmouth, a village in Hants county, on the river Avon, opposite to Windsor. The Youngs are of Scotch descent; an ancestor, a Scotch covenanter, forced by persecution to leave his native land, settled in Massachusetts, from which colony Edward’s grandfather, Thomas Young, then a youth, came to Falmouth, with his widowed mother, about the year 1762. He afterwards married a sister of the celebrated evangelist, Rev. Henry Alline, called the Whitefield of Nova Scotia, who travelled and preached in Acadia from 1776 until a short time before his death in New Hampshire, February 8, 1783. His journal was published by his nephew, Clarke Young in 1806. The original in shorthand invented by himself, is now in the possession of the consul. A volume of hymns, entirely of his own composition, was published by Mr. Alline, one of which—“Amazing Sight, the Saviour Stands,” may be found, uncredited, in almost every hymnal now in use. The consul’s mother was a daughter of George Johnson—one of a family who came from Yorkshire to Norton about 1762—and of Mary, his wife, a daughter of Benjamin Cleaveland, who came from Connecticut, in 1760, with the New England colony that settled in Norton after the expulsion of the Acadians. “Deacon” Cleaveland, as he was called, was a brother or cousin to Rev. Aaron, great grandfather of President Cleveland, who, in 1755, or ’56, came from Connecticut to become the minister of the Mather (afterward, St. Matthew’s Presbyterian) Church, in Halifax. Benjamin Cleaveland, who died in 1811, published a hymn book, one of the hymns, of his own composition—“O, could I find from day to day, a nearness to my God,”—appears in many modern hymnals. The Cleavelands are noted for their longevity, averaging nearly ninety years at death. One of Benjamin’s daughters died in 1877, aged 101 years and 4 months. The consul is one of a family of five, all living; the oldest, William H., emigrated to Australia, George and Margaret, both unmarried, reside at the old homestead, while the older sister, Mrs. William Church, is also a resident of Falmouth. After receiving the best education the common schools of that day could give, Edward was one of the first pupils at Norton Academy in April, 1829, of whom the “Records of Students” says: —

Though quite a lad, he showed aptness for learning. Subsequently he left the province and became Chief of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington, received the degree of M.A. from Acadia College, and afterwards Ph.D. from Columbian University, Washington. He has proved himself the constant friend of Acadia. As donor for several years of an annual gold medal for proficiency in the higher mathematics, he is remembered with interest, respect and affection.

He lived several years in Windsor, acquired a knowledge of mercantile business, and believing that the United States offered greater advantages to young men, left his native place in October, 1835, went to the west, and settled in Indiana. There he engaged in business and to some extent in politics. His first vote was given for General Morrison, the Whig candidate for president, who failed of election in 1836, but succeeded in 1840. The severe and long continued illness of Mr. Young’s father induced him to return and remain some years in his native province, during which period he was united in marriage to Maria Bishop, of Horton, some of whose ancestors, the Bishops and Gores, of Connecticut, came with the New England colony in 1760. She is a descendant also of Joseph Jencks, a colonial governor of Rhode Island. After his marriage in December, 1840, he resided in Halifax, engaged partly in commercial pursuits, owning some vessels trading to the United States and the West Indies, himself visiting for purposes of trade the West India islands, South America and the Southern ports of the United States. He edited and published, from 1843 to 1845, a weekly paper, The Olive Branch, the first temperance paper in the Maritime provinces, if not in British North America, except, for a short period, one published also in Halifax, by Edmund Ward. Sustaining losses by shipping, he removed in 1849 to Boston, where he remained till 1851, when he engaged in permanent business in Philadelphia, as publisher of books and a weekly newspaper devoted to American industries, in copartnership with E. T. Freedly, author of a “Treatise on Business,” and other practical works. Their most important publication was “A History of American Manufactures, from 1608 to 1866,” 3 vols. octavo, edited by his wife’s brother, John Leander Bishop, M.D., who was for three years surgeon of a Pennsylvania regiment during the late war. Not only in the United States but by the London Times and other leading journals of England, by the “Westminster” and other reviews, was the highest praise awarded to the author. Even now it is the standard authority on the early history of manufactures in that colony and in the United States. Dr. Bishop was one of the earliest graduates of Acadia. The hardships he endured during the war hastened his death, which occurred in 1868. Not only as a historian and scholar was he lamented, but as the highest style of a man—a Christian gentleman. A statistical work compiled by Mr. Young, attracted the notice of the Washington authorities, and the superintendent of the census offered him a place in that bureau which he accepted, and removed to Washington in 1861, where as chief of division he superintended the compilation of the statistics of industry, and prepared for publication a voluminous report on the manufactures of the United States, the first of the kind. On the completion of this important work, in 1865, he accepted a place in the revenue commission tendered him by its chairman, Hon. David A. Wells, the celebrated economist, and in the following year and subsequently while Mr. Wells was special commissioner of the revenue, he was assistant or deputy commissioner. How faithfully Mr. Young performed his work, how thoroughly he mastered the then complicated revenue system of the United States, Mr. Wells has ever since taken pleasure in manifesting. The imperfect manner in which the commercial statistics were compiled in the treasury department induced Mr. Wells to have a statistical bureau established which was authorised by Act of Congress, and the bureau organized in September, 1866. In the administration of this important bureau the director failed to give satisfaction, and was afterwards legislated out of office, and Mr. Young, who had resigned and resumed his publishing business in Philadelphia, was induced by Mr. Wells to return to Washington and devoted his energies to the work of the bureau. For a few months as chief clerk, and for more than eight years as chief of the bureau, he so improved it that it was acknowledged to be peer of older institutions of Europe, and the work of its director commended, and the accuracy of his statements acknowledged on the floors of both houses of Congress and in foreign countries. A similar bureau was established in Chili, on a plan prepared by Mr. Young; and one in Japan, partly through correspondence and partly by exhibiting to commissioners sent to examine it, the operations of the Washington bureau, and explaining the details, of which full notes were taken. In addition to the monthly, quarterly and annual reports of the chief of the Bureau of Statistics, as required by law, Mr. Young prepared and published several special reports of great interest and value. In 1871 he published “A Special Report on Immigration,” “A Special Report on the Customs-tariff Legislation of the United States,” and other works. In consideration of these labors, Columbian University at Washington conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The report on Immigration, or more properly “Information for Immigrants,” was welcomed with enthusiasm, as it gave detailed information as to the advantages offered by the sparsely settled states and territories to individuals and families in Europe who were desirous to emigrate to America. Tens of thousands of copies were distributed throughout Europe, not only by the United States government, but by steamship, transportation and other companies, who purchased the work in sheets from the public printer, and distributed it through their agents. Dr. Young had it translated into the French and German languages, also into Swedish; and ten thousand copies in French and about twelve thousand in German were printed and circulated in European countries where those languages are spoken. The result was a great increase each year in the number of immigrants, especially of the more valuable classes, as compared with the arrivals in preceding years. So valuable was it regarded in other countries that the celebrated French economist, Michel Chevalier, in an extended article published in a French periodical, commended Dr. Young’s book, and suggested that a work on the same plan be prepared by the French government, showing the advantages offered by Algiers to those who desired to make their homes in a sparsely settled country. The German government, finding that its people in great numbers were emigrating to the United States, interposed obstacles to the general distribution of this volume full of information. The Marquis of Lorne personally solicited the author to prepare a volume on a similar plan, presenting the great advantages offered by Manitoba and the North-West Territories to those desirous of emigrating to some part of America. The author of the “Special Report on the United States Tariff” was gratified when, during the exciting tariff discussion in the Canadian House of Commons in 1879, his book was observed in the hands of members of both parties, and extracts read therefrom. His greatest work, however, completed in 1875, after years of preparation, was called, “Labor in Europe and America,” 864 pages, octavo, and was republished in 1879, by Dawson Brothers, Montreal, from the original stereotype plates. This is an elaborate special report on the rate of wages, the cost of subsistence, and the condition of the working classes in Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and other countries of Europe, and also in the United States and British America. It is prefaced by a learned and exhaustive review of the condition of the working people among the nations of antiquity and during the middle ages. The following extracts are made from an extended review of this book by a well-known economic writer in Philadelphia: —

The work is a striking exhibit of the industry and research of Dr. Young. He has personally visited many of the countries of Europe (from the Clyde to the Volga), entering factories and mingling among working men to ascertain their actual condition, and his notes of these visits form a very interesting part of the book. He has also pressed United States consuls into his service, and has received valuable information from them. Apparently no source of information has been overlooked. Ancient documents bearing upon the employment and compensation of labor in remote periods have been unearthed, and their contents add greatly to the interest and value of the volume. . . . A work so valuable as this will be in demand in every country in the civilized world, as one of the most elaborate contributions to the literature of labor that has ever appeared.

The press in the United States and in England, and to some extent in continental Europe, highly commended this report, and autograph letters were received from men of the highest standing in all parts of America, including two presidents of the United States, governors, presidents of colleges, and others, particularly from Lord Dufferin, also from men of the high standing of the great and good Earl of Shaftesbury with whom Dr. Young corresponded, when engaged in its preparation. The part that treats of the condition of the working people of Europe, their drinking habits, etc., is read with peculiar interest by those who desire to do good to their fellow men. Terence’s celebrated sentiment, “Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto,” was adopted by the author as his motto. Although this book, as well as the other two special reports, is out of print—the plates belonging to the United States government having been destroyed—yet occasionally a copy may be found at a book stand, and standing orders from booksellers in London, Germany and Sweden, are held by a bookseller in Washington, to secure every copy of this work that can be obtained. In 1872 Mr. Young was appointed by President Grant as a delegate to the International Statistical Congress at St. Petersburg, of which body he was vice-president for North America. Here he had abundant opportunities of conferring with many of the leading statisticians of the world. He also improved the opportunity of a prolonged tour of the continent and Great Britain. From all these sources he was able materially to increase his store of general knowledge, as well as to improve the methods of his bureau at Washington, and largely to gather information which he made use of in the work on labor, above noticed. Dr. Young was frequently consulted by the government officials, and on several occasions was confidentially employed by Secretary Fish, who submitted for his examination and report thereon, the “Memorandum of the Plenipotentiaries”—Hon. Geo. Brown and Sir Edward Thornton. He was also instructed to personally investigate on both sides of the line, the probable effect of the Treaty of 1874 (which failed to receive a two-thirds vote in the Senate) upon the industries of the United States. The seal of secresy having subsequently been removed, this report became accessible to the public. Mr. Fish was severely criticised by many of his political friends for being in favor of the Treaty; had they known why he approved of it, as Dr. Young knew, confidentially, his action would have been commended. As Mr. Fish’s permission to disclose has never been obtained, a secret it still remains. This hint Mr. Young gives—Mr. Fish was governed, not by commercial considerations, but by those of a political or patriotic character. Dr. Young’s connection with the Bureau of Statistics terminated in the summer of 1878, after he had devoted to it nine of the most active and best years of his life, rendering it highly efficient and greatly useful, and to the entire satisfaction of every secretary of the treasury from Mr. McCulloch down to 1878. But in the Republic as well as in the Dominion, men are occasionally observed who are willing to sacrifice public good to personal aggrandizement. The secretary was then, as the same able statesman is now, intensely desirous to obtain the nomination of his party for the presidency, and expected that all officers, and the great army of custom house and other employés of the department, would exert themselves in his behalf. The chief of the Statistical Bureau was, as he told the secretary, a statistician, not a politician. He neither possessed nor desired political influence, contenting himself by voting for the candidates of the party when they were such as he approved, for he was too independent to be a partizan, his motto not being “My country and my party, right or wrong,” as some say, but “My country (or my party), when in the right.” Unwilling to stand in the way of his chief’s laudable aspirations, Dr. Young offered his resignation provided two or three months’ leave of absence with pay were allowed, which offer was accepted, and his connection with the Bureau severed to the surprise and regret of statisticians and statesmen in Europe and America. Both parties in the government of the Dominion solicited his services. Soon after Hon. Mr. Mackenzie, then first minister, invited him to Ottawa to consult as to the establishment of a Statistical Bureau, but before any definite arrangement was made the elections in September, 1878, transferred that able man to the opposition benches. When the ministry of Sir John A. Macdonald decided, in 1878, to establish a new tariff for the protection of Canadian industries they cast about for some one fitted to assist them in constructing the new list of duties. The reputation of Dr. Young as a statistician and a tariff expert justified them in selecting him for the position. He then went to Ottawa, and his experience and knowledge of the theory and working of Protection in the United States enabled him to be of material service to the Canadian government in their novel labors. Although he had nothing to do with filling in the rates of duty, yet he so drafted the tariff as to make it symmetrical, and avoided the inconsistencies of the United States tariff. Its successful operation in subsequent years proved that the design was good and the materials sound, otherwise the blizzards that sometimes are felt, even in Canada, would have injured or destroyed the structure. After the tariff went into operation in 1879, it was expected that a Bureau of Statistics would be established at Ottawa. The ablest presentation of the great need of such a bureau, and the advantage it would confer on the Dominion, was made by James Johnson, now of Ottawa, himself an able statistician, in the Halifax Reporter of April 16, 1879. In concluding his argument he wrote: —

The United States found itself compelled to add a Bureau of Statistics, and the only regret we ever heard expressed is that the bureau had not been established years ago. * * * In addition to all these arguments there is the fact that the government have now in the temporary employ of the finance department a man who till lately was chief of that bureau—a skilled, experienced man, capable of putting the Canadian bureau into good working order without those expenditures which are the invariable price of experience when accumulated from a beginning of ignorance. Such a skilled man would save the country thousands of dollars by reason of the experience he has had. We refer to Edward Young, Ph.D., a Nova Scotian who left this province some years ago and worked his way up to the eminent position he held in Washington by sheer force of ability. The time, then, is opportune; the work is immensely important; the man is at hand.

Although Sir Leonard Tilley appreciated the importance to the government and people of a Statistical Bureau, yet he regarded the carrying out of the new revenue system without friction as a measure of pressing necessity. To interpret the tariff and prescribe uniformity in the various custom houses, a board of appraisers was appointed of which Mr. Young was acting secretary. After a few months he resigned and returned to Washington, and soon after established in New York the Industrial Monthly, devoted to the manufacturing industries of America, and the advocacy of protective legislation. This was published for several years and then merged in America, a serial of similar views. Until his removal to Windsor he was engaged in writing for the weekly and daily press of New York, chiefly on economic subjects, and in advocacy of protection, in order that the toilers in American shops, mills, factories, and mines should receive full reward for their labor. Although not fully in accord with the economic views of the president and the secretary of state, yet it was the particular desire of Mr. Bayard that Dr. Young should enter the consular service and be stationed in Canada, where his knowledge of the trade and the fishing and other industries of the several provinces, would prove useful to the United States government. Accordingly he was appointed and confirmed as consul of the Windsor consular district, which embraces the counties of Hants, Kings, and Cumberland, with parts of Annapolis and Colchester, succeeding D. K. Hobart, of Maine, who had held the office for fourteen years. Dr. Young spends, by permission of his government, accompanied by his wife and daughter, some of the winter months during which navigation on the Avon is closed, at Wolfville, where he has relations, and where he has access to the valuable library of Acadia College. He has two sons, both married and settled in Washington; the older, Charles E., a civil engineer; the younger, William H. Young, B.D. (of Yale), pastor of the Metropolitan Baptist Church. Another son who was a very able man, an accomplished linguist, connected with the Smithsonian Institute, died four years ago. He represented the institution at the Vienna Exposition in 1873, and officially visited its agencies in Europe. Dr. Young occasionally comes before the public as a speaker on moral and religious topics. He delivers a very learned and interesting lecture on the subject of Russia, in which he accords a high place to the late Czar, Alexander II., for his great act, the emancipation of the serfs. He has for a long period been actively engaged in religious and benevolent work. For many years a member and deacon of Baptist churches, and for a few years superintendent of a Sabbath school in Washington; and although strongly attached to the principles of his own denomination, yet has been actively engaged in all union efforts. He was one of a committee that planned, and secretary of a society that established in Halifax, about forty years ago, the first Sailors’ Home and Bethel. In the cause of temperance he was one of the pioneers, uniting with a society established in Wolfville in 1829, was secretary of a society in Windsor more than fifty years ago, and in Halifax about forty-five years ago, where he published a weekly paper devoted to temperance. His consistency was proved by not permitting his vessels to take cargoes of rum from the West Indies; and—the only American—by declining to partake of wine at dinner in the palaces of the Emperor of Russia and of Grand Dukes and other members of the Imperial family, and by declining to drink wine with the Prince Dolgorouki, governor-general of Central Russia, at his palace in Moscow. That his eccentric conduct produced no ill-feeling is evidenced by the fact that he succeeded in having released from Russian prisons twelve poor people who had been long kept there charged with inducing members of the Russo-Greek church to unite with the Standists (chiefly Baptists), when the Evangelical Alliance, which met in New York in 1874, failed even to have their memorial submitted to the Imperial court. In 1873 the Russian minister at Washington, in a despatch to the secretary of state, asked permission to present to Dr. Young, delegate from the United States to the International Statistical Congress in 1872, a diamond ring from the Emperor’s private cabinet, as a souvenir of that congress. To overcome a constitutional obstacle, a joint resolution was passed at the ensuing session of Congress, and approved by the president, giving the recipient permission to accept the valuable ring. It has the Emperor’s initials and a crown in gold and small diamonds on blue enamel surrounded by eight large diamonds of the first water. Although well up in years (and old only in years)—“his hair just grizzled as in a green old age”—yet Dr. Young preserves a youthful flow of spirits, takes great interest in the rising generation and its pursuits, and loves sociality and friendly conversation. If he has a craze it is the belief that English not Volapüt will be the universal language of commerce at least, and that the two great English-speaking peoples, having a common language and literature, and possessing greater freedom than other nations, shall unite their efforts to extend the blessings of civil and religious liberty to all other peoples, and to evangelize the world.

Huggan, William Thomas, Charlottetown, Accountant and Auditor, Prince Edward Island Railway, was born on the 24th May, 1851, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. His father, Thomas Huggan, was born on the 5th May, 1817, at Barney’s River, Pictou county, Nova Scotia; and his mother, Sarah Dowler, was born on the 27th December, 1818, at Leith, Scotland. Mr. Huggan received his educational training at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in a private school,—Michael McCullough being master. He entered the government employ at Halifax, on January 14, 1870, as junior clerk in the accountant’s office, Nova Scotia railway. In August, 1870, he became a clerk in the general store-keeper’s office; in August, 1871, time-keeper and clerk in the mechanical superintendent’s office, and in November, 1871, clerk in the audit office. Upon the amalgamation of the Nova Scotia Railway with the Intercolonial and European and North American railways in November, 1872, under the name of the Intercolonial, he was transferred to Moncton, New Brunswick, on the 27th of that month, as clerk in the audit office of the road. In October, 1873, he became clerk in the local store of the Intercolonial Railway; February, 1874, clerk in the general store-keeper’s office; April, 1874, clerk in the mechanical superintendent’s office; July, 1874, clerk in the accountant’s office, and in November, 1875, he was appointed chief clerk in the accountant’s office. On the 1st of July, 1882, he was made accountant and auditor of the Prince Edward Island Railway, with charge of the general ticket department, which office he now holds. During the period covered above he served in the various capacities of station-master, paymaster, cashier, etc. In January, 1881, he became connected with St. John’s Presbyterian Church, Moncton, N.B., since which time he has been a Sabbath-school teacher. In March, 1882, he was ordained an elder of this church, and afterward taking up his abode in Charlottetown, was elected to same position, that of elder in Zion Church. Mr. Huggan has also served as manager in the former church, and as a trustee and treasurer in the latter congregation. While always a total abstainer, he became a charter member of Orient Division, No. 161, Sons of Temperance, in September, 1886, since which time, he has twice served as financial scribe. He served five years in the first battery Halifax Volunteer Artillery. He was married, October 25th, 1875, to Sarah L., eldest daughter of William E. Weldon, of Moncton, N.B., and Margaret A. Church, of Point Du Bute, N.B.

Brymner, Douglas, Ottawa, Historical Archivist of the Dominion, was born in Greenock, Scotland, in 1823. He is the fourth son of Alexander Brymner, banker, originally from Stirling, where the family held for many years, a prominent position. The elder Brymner was a man of fine intellectual attainments, an enthusiast in letters, and refined in his tastes and feelings. He had great influence over his children, and took every opportunity to instil into their minds a hearty love for literature in all its branches. They had the additional advantage of frequent intercourse with living men of letters, and their acquaintance with the writings of the most eminent and esteemed authors of the time soon became extensive. The mother of Douglas Brymner was Elizabeth Fairlie, daughter of John Fairlie, merchant in Greenock, who died at an early age, leaving his widow and family in comfortable circumstances. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Greenock Grammar School, where, under the skilful tuition of Dr. Brown, he mastered the classics and higher branches of study. After leaving school, Mr. Brymner received a thorough mercantile training. He began business on his own account, and subsequently admitted his brother, Graham, as a partner, on the return of the latter from the West Indies, where he had been engaged for some years. The brothers were highly successful, the younger filling, in later years, several important offices, such as justice of the peace for the county of Renfrew, and chairman of the Sanitary Commission for his native town. He died in 1885, from typhus fever, contracted in the discharge of his duties as chairman, universally regretted by all. In 1853, Mr. Brymner married Jean Thomson (who died in 1884), daughter of William Thomson, of Hill End, by whom he had nine children, six of whom survive. The eldest of these is William, a rising artist of an excellent school, who has studied for several years in the best studios of Paris, and whose recent exhibits have received general praise. The second son, George Douglas, is one of the accountants in the Bank of Montreal, and James, the third son, is in the Northwest. Two daughters and a son are at home. In consequence of ill health, induced by close application to business, Mr. Brymner was compelled to retire from the partnership in 1856. Complete withdrawal from mercantile cares for a year having restored him to something like his former self, he removed to Canada in 1857, and settled in Melbourne, one of the Eastern Townships. Here he filled the office of mayor for two terms with conspicuous ability. On both occasions he had been elected without a contest, and without having solicited a single vote from any one, his belief being that an office of this sort ought to be conferred by the unasked suffrage of the constituency. He declined to serve for a third term, although earnestly requested to do so. While mayor, he introduced various improvements in the mode of conducting municipal business. Like many other immigrants possessing capital, he found his means vanishing before the financial crisis of 1857. Mr. Brymner drifted into what seemed to be his natural calling—literature, for which his early training and continuous study well qualified him. On the acceptance by Dr. Snodgrass of the office of principal of Queen’s College, the post of editor of the Presbyterian, the official journal of the Church of Scotland in Canada, became vacant. It was offered to Mr. Brymner, his fitness for the position having been recognized by the leaders of the church, he having been an active member of the church courts as a representative elder, and his numerous contributions to the discussion of important religious topics being esteemed and valuable. Under his guidance, the editorials being written with a straightforward, independent spirit, the paper at once took a high place. Many of Mr. Brymner’s articles on ecclesiastical questions were in particular much admired, and leading religious journals often made lengthy quotations from them. About the same time he joined the staff of the Montreal Herald, where in a little he was appointed associate editor with the late Hon. Edward Goff Penny. Often, owing to the severe indisposition of Mr. Penny, Mr. Brymner had sole editorial charge of the Herald. He was noted as one of the most efficient and hard-working members of the Press Gallery at Ottawa, and in 1871, the presidency of the Press Association devolved upon him. A year later, in 1872, it having been resolved to establish a new branch of the Civil Service, namely, the collection of the historical records of the Dominion and its provinces, Mr. Brymner, with the approval of men of all political shades, received the appointment. Before leaving Montreal for Ottawa, an address, signed by leading men in the professions, in business, and of the different nationalities, was presented to Mr. Brymner, accompanied by a magnificent testimonial. No better selection could have been made for the office of archivist than that of Mr. Brymner. He had peculiar fitness for the task imposed on him. His extensive historical knowledge, unwearied industry, patience, and love for research, his power of organizing and arranging materials for reference, etc., were all admirable qualifications, and these he possessed to a remarkable degree. His reports are models, and present in clear and terse language the results of his labours. The story of the origin of the office, and the important part played in its construction by Mr. Brymner, will be found in the archivist’s report for 1883. In 1881, the Public Record Office (London) authorities republished the whole of Mr. Brymner’s report as part of their own, owing, as the keeper of records, Sir William Hardy, said, to the importance of the information it contained. Every year since then copious extracts have been made from Mr. Brymner’s reports. Perhaps it will not be out of place to insert here the following excerpt from the preface to the admirably annotated publication of “Hadden’s Journal and Orderly Books,” by General Horatio Rogers, who says:—“I cannot refrain from referring to the unwearied zeal and unfailing courtesy of Mr. Douglas Brymner, the archivist of the Dominion of Canada, in affording me the fullest and most satisfactory use of the Haldimand papers and the other manuscripts confided to his charge. Would that all public officials in custody of valuable manuscripts might take a lesson from him!” Mr. Brymner is an adherent of the Church of Scotland, to which he has always belonged, and he has been one of the most formidable opponents of union. His evidence before the Senate Committee, on the 24th and 26th of April, 1882, which is substantially the argument of the non-contents on the Union question, was presented with great power and skill. It can be found in a pamphlet of over forty pages, published by Hunter, Rose &. Co., Toronto, in 1883. The greater part of his literary work is anonymous. He possesses a fund of caustic humour, some of which found vent in his letters in Scotch, under the name of “Tummas Treddles,” an octogenarian Paisley weaver, originally contributions on curling to the Montreal Herald, but afterwards extended to other subjects in the Scottish American Journal. These have ceased for some years, doubtless from the pressure of other and more serious occupations. His translations of the Odes of Horace into Scotch verse were happy imitations. A favourable specimen, “The Charms of Country Life,” is in the Canadian Monthly of 1879, the others having appeared in newspapers, and, so far as is known, have never been collected. He is another illustration of the fallacy of Sidney Smith’s statement, that it requires a surgical operation to get a joke into a Scotchman’s head. Mr. Brymner’s work is gaining, year by year, in reputation with scholars and students. Dr. Poole, chairman of the American Historical Association, says that the archives “under the care of Mr. Brymner forms the most valuable collection of manuscripts for historical purposes to be found on this continent.” (Library Journal for 1877, p. 458.) Dr. George Stewart, jr., president of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, says in Canadian Leaves, “Mr. Douglas Brymner has really created the department of archives, and made it one of the most efficient in the public service of Canada.” Other historical writers express the highest opinion of the value of the work in progress, and the annual reports are now eagerly looked for.

Cameron, Allan, M.D., Owen Sound, on the 30th December, 1830. His father, Daniel Allan Cameron, was the only son of Allan Cameron, at one time lieutenant and adjutant of H. B. M. 1st regiment of foot. His mother, Margaret Fisher Buchan, was a niece of the late James Ewing, of Strathleven. He was educated in Glasgow, at the Collegiate Institute and High School. He afterwards entered as a medical student at the Glasgow University, graduating in the year 1853 as Doctor of Medicine. In the following year he obtained the diploma of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, and coming to Canada, in 1854, was granted the provincial license to practice his profession in the province of Ontario. In 1886 was registered as a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and is also a member of the Ontario College of Pharmacy. In 1873, he was appointed coroner for the county of Grey. He has held various offices in the Masonic lodge, and in the chapter, and also in the lodges of Oddfellows and Foresters. He was married in June, 1857, to Elizabeth Hartley, of Keighley, Yorkshire, England.

Robertson, Henry, LL.B., Barrister, Collingwood, Ontario, was born in the township of Whitchurch, county of York, in the province of Ontario, on the 31st May, 1840. He is of Scottish descent, his father being John Robertson, a native of Edinburgh, and his mother, Catherine Smith. He was educated at the Central School, Hamilton, and the Grammar School at Barrie. He then entered the University of Toronto, where he distinguished himself as a close student of law, and graduated as LL.B., in June, 1861. On being called to the bar in August, 1861, he commenced the practice of his profession at Collingwood, and succeeded in building up a good law practice, which he still continues in that enterprising town. He joined the volunteer force in 1868, and served as second lieutenant in the Collingwood garrison battery of artillery until 1870. In municipal matters he has always taken a prominent part, and has been a member of the Collingwood town council for several years, and deputy reeve in 1881 and 1882. He has also taken a deep interest in the educational wants of Collingwood and vicinity, and has served as member of the High School Board for six years, being chairman in 1873 and 1874; and also chairman of the Public School Board in 1877 and 1878. But it is in the fraternal societies of our Dominion that Mr. Robertson’s name is most widely known. He has filled the highest offices in the gift of the various societies he has joined, and from his knowledge of law has safely directed them over many a knotty point. In 1861 he joined the Masonic craft; in 1870 he was elected grand junior warder of the Grand Lodge of Canada; in 1872 and 1873 he was district deputy grand master of the Toronto district; in 1884 and 1885 he was elected deputy grand master, and in 1886 grand master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, and this position he still holds. He is the author of a work on Masonic jurisprudence. In the Independent Order of Oddfellows he has likewise held responsible positions, having joined that order in 1869, he was grand warden in 1880; deputy grand master in 1881, and grand master in 1882. He has been prominently connected with various other societies and organizations, Mechanics’ Institutes, etc. In politics he is a Reformer, and has held office for a number of years in the local and county Reform Association, and was president of the West Riding of Simcoe Reform Association in 1885 and 1886. He was married July 9th, 1866, to Bethia, third daughter of the late John Rose, of Bradford, and has two daughters,—the eldest, Madge R. Robertson, is an honor undergraduate of the University of Toronto.

Black, William Tell, M.D., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at St. Martin’s, New Brunswick, about sixty years ago. His father was Thomas Henry Black, of county Armagh, Ireland, who married Mary E. Fouries, of St. Martin’s. Dr. Black was educated at the public grammar school in St. Martin’s. Having finished his classical course, he adopted the profession of medicine, and pursued his studies with great success. He served on the medical staff of the army of the north during the war of the rebellion, and became a very skilful physician in the varied and difficult practice which it was his lot to attend during that fierce and sanguinary conflict. He enjoys a pension from the United States government, in consideration of his services as a physician. When the war was over, Dr. Black settled down as a regular practitioner in St. Andrew’s, N.B., where his great abilities, and the knowledge of the healing and surgical arts, secured to him an extensive and lucrative practice. St. Andrew’s is the “near neighbor,” of Callais, Maine, and the spirit of the eager, restless Yankee has been communicated to the New Brunswick sea port. St. Andrew’s is one of the most lively and flourishing towns in New Brunswick. After many years of this bustling life, Dr. Black thought he would like to choose an interior town in Nova Scotia, for rest. His brother, Dr. J. B. Black, had settled there, and that was an additional inducement, besides the agricultural facilities of the place, for which it is noted. He purchased a farm at Curry’s Corner, in Windsor, built a handsome cottage, and further ornamented the beautiful sloping grounds with barns and outbuildings of modern style of construction. He removed from St. Andrew’s in 1884, and made his permanent home in Windsor. There was an orchard of apple trees on the farm, which he has re-stocked. He has also laid out the grounds in a new style, and has planted numerous shade trees along the highway, and beside the green lawns and grassy slopes. The planning and carrying out his ideas, in connection with this work, will give him plenty to do during the next few years. The soil is very fertile, however, and he could not have selected a spot where his work would tell sooner, or to better advantage. Dr. Black married Fanny Cutts, whose father was an officer in the custom house, at St. Andrew’s. She is a prominent worker in the Baptist church, in Windsor, and, possessing excellent and carefully cultivated vocal powers, is a leader of the church choir. Dr. Black has not opened an office for the practice of his profession in Windsor, but his acknowledged skill and great experience and training render his services as a consulting physician in considerable demand, both by patients and by the resident physicians in the town and neighborhood. Being possessed of ample means and leisure, he can in his new residence spend the afternoon of his life in a very enviable enjoyment of ease and healthy recreation. In politics, he is a sympathiser with the Liberal party, although he does not take a very prominent part in the cause. He is, like Mrs. Black, an adherent of the Baptist church in Windsor, Nova Scotia.

de Lottinville, Jean Baptiste Severe Lemaitre, Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, Advocate, and Prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of Three Rivers, Quebec province, was born at Three Rivers, November, 1841. His father was Joseph Octave Lemaitre de Lottinville, and his mother Lucy Beaudry. He is descended from one of the oldest French families in Canada. He received his education at the Seminary of Nicolet, and completed his classical and legal studies at Montreal with success and brilliancy, where he was called to the bar in January, 1866. He then settled at Three Rivers, where he practised his profession for many years. Mr. de Lottinville also obtained, in 1866, his diploma at the Military College of Montreal. In politics he has always upheld the cause of the Liberals, taking an active part in political contests, and using his influence and talents for the furtherance and in the interests of his party. In 1887 he was appointed by the government of Quebec as a prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of Three Rivers. Mr. de Lottinville married in October, 1875, Emma, eldest daughter of William Whiteford, merchant, Three Rivers, who died in May, 1887. Still in the prime of life, and endowed with unusual talents, the career and future life of Mr. de Lottinville will no doubt occupy a conspicuous position in Canadian history.

Dymond, Alfred Hutchinson, Superintendent of the Asylum for the Blind, Brantford, was born at Croydon, County of Surrey, England, on August 21st, 1827. He was educated at the public school of the Society of Friends at that place, of which institution his father, Henry Dymond, was for some time the superintendent. He was engaged in early life in mercantile pursuits, but devoted himself chiefly, from the time of attaining manhood till thirty years of age, to advocating the abolition of capital punishment, lecturing in behalf of that movement in all parts of England, and exerting himself frequently with success in behalf of persons under sentence of death, where the justice of the conviction was open to doubt, or where ameliorating circumstances appeared to justify clemency. Many of his experiences while so engaged were related in a book published by him in 1865, entitled, “The Law on its Trial,” not a few of the incidents recorded being of thrilling interest. He was also the author of numerous pamphlets and brochures on the same question, and all of these productions showed careful research, and fresh, vigorous thought. In 1857 he received an appointment on the staff of the Morning Star newspaper, then recently established in London as the representative of advanced Liberal principles, and of which Mr. Cobden, Mr. Bright, and other Liberal political leaders, were active promoters. He became ultimately general manager of the Star, and continued to hold that position until its amalgamation, in 1869, with the London Daily News. During his connection with the Star, he had for his colleagues or associates, among others, Justin McCarthy, now M.P. for Derry; Sir John Gorrie, now chief justice of the Leeward Islands; Edward Russell, editor of the Liverpool Daily Post; Charles A. Cooper, editor of the Edinburgh Scotsman, the late Dr. Faucher, afterwards a prominent member of the German parliament; Frederick W. Chesson, so often heard of as the secretary of the Aborigines’ Protection Society; William Black, the novelist; and Archibald Forbes, the famous war correspondent. The two last-named gentlemen received their first commissions on the London press from Mr. Dymond’s hands. In October, 1869, he removed with his family to Toronto, and joined the staff of the Toronto Globe. During the nine years of his connection with that paper he wrote a large portion of its political leading articles. Shortly after settling in Toronto he commenced to take an active part in political affairs, particularly during the Ontario elections of 1871, and the Dominion elections of 1873. At the general election of January, 1874, following on the downfall of the Macdonald government, after the Pacific Scandal disclosures, Mr. Dymond was elected after a contest, by a majority of 338, for the North Riding of the county of York, his opponent being William Thorne, the warden of the county. He represented North York during the succeeding five sessions, giving a warm support to the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie’s administration, and taking a very active part both in debates and the work of committees. At the general election in September, 1878, he was again, on the unanimous invitation of the Liberal party in the riding, a candidate for North York, but under the adverse influences of the so-called National Policy reaction, was defeated by a majority of ten votes. He took a very active part in connection with the local elections of 1879, in editing the literature of the campaign, and addressing public meetings. He acted on several occasions as a commissioner in municipal investigations, under appointments from the Ontario Government. In 1880, he was appointed the executive officer and a member of the Ontario Agricultural Commission, the results of which appeared during the session of 1881, in the shape of five bulky volumes, including the Report and its Appendices, the compilation of the Report, and arrangement and revision of the whole mass of evidence being accomplished by Mr. Dymond in less than three months. In April, 1881, he was appointed by the Ontario Government, Principal of the Institution for the Education of the Blind at Brantford, which position he still holds. While in England Mr. Dymond was identified with efforts for parliamentary reform, the extension of the suffrage, and the repeal of all impediments to free and cheap literature. He was also a most enthusiastic supporter of the Northern cause during the American Civil War. While a member of the Canadian Parliament, he carried through a bill to enable persons charged with common assault to give evidence in their own behalf, the first measure embodying such a principle in Canadian criminal legislation. During the Dunkin Act agitation in Toronto, he was Vice-President of the association to promote the adoption of the Act, and presided at most of the large open air gatherings held in the Amphitheatre on Yonge street, in favour of the Act. Mr. Dymond, while in Parliament, assisted materially in the adoption of the present Temperance Act, popularly known as the Scott Act. He has always advocated the principles of Free Trade, so far as they maybe found compatible with revenue necessities. He took, when in Parliament, a liberal view of the Pacific Railway policy, as necessary to the wants and exigencies of the Dominion, while opposed to undue haste in its construction, or to any arrangements calculated to retard the free settlement of the North-West. He has always advocated the broadest extension of Provincial rights as opposed to Federal centralization. He has been since early life a member of the Anglican Church, and has of late years taken an active part in the affairs of that Church, both locally and as a member of the Diocesan Synod of Huron, to which Brantford belong. He married, in 1852, Miss Helen Susannah Henderson, of London, England, and has a large family of sons and daughters. As a writer upon political topics, Mr. Dymond occupies a prominent position. As a parliamentarian, he was industrious, vigorous, and always effective. His absence from Parliament now is a serious loss to his party and to the country.

Pelland, Basile Elie, Berthierville, Registrar of the County of Berthier, Quebec province, was born in Berthier, August 6th, 1842, and is the son of Basile Pelland, a worthy farmer, and Rose de Lima Laferriére, of the same place, both belonging to two of the most distinguished and ancient families of Berthier. Mr. Pelland was educated at the Jacques Cartier Normal School, Montreal, and at Bourget College, Rigaud, where he developed talents which induced him to adopt law as a profession. With this object in view he studied with J. O. Chalut, notary of Berthier, with such success that in 1867 he was appointed notary, and commenced to practise in Berthier. In a few years, by his talents and energy, he built up a large and lucrative business, and having gained the confidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, was elected secretary-treasurer of the town council, and commissioner of schools and the agricultural society. He was appointed registrar of the county of Berthier, in 1874. In politics he is a Conservative and a staunch and reliable worker in the interests of his party. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic, and greatly respected by his neighbors generally. He is married to Marie Louise Chenevert, daughter of Theophile Chenevert, merchant, of St. Cuthbert.

Macdonald, Robert Tyre, M.D., C.M., M.C.P.S., Sutton, Quebec province, was born at Ellerslie, Brockville, August 1, 1856. His father was a graduate in arts of Edinburgh University, who came to Canada when quite a young man and entered into mercantile pursuits at Dundee, Que., where he soon amassed a fortune, and afterwards removed to Brockville, where he continued his mercantile calling. He claimed descent from the “Lords of the Isles,” Dunvegan Castle, Isle of Skye, being the family seat. His mother was Elizabeth Elliott Ogilvie, daughter of Captain Alexander Ogilvie, and niece of the late Col. Davidson. His family were noted in Scottish history for having been custodians of the Scottish crown. The subject of our sketch received his early education by private tuition, and afterwards entered Fort Covington Academy. After leaving school he was for a time in the employ of S. J. Howel & Bro. of Millbrook, Ont., and also with T. B. Collins of the same place. He came to Montreal in 1875, and entered the wholesale establishment of B. Levin & Co., leaving there in 1876 to enter McGill University as a student in medicine, and graduated with distinction in 1881. He is surgeon in the 52nd Battalion Brome Light Infantry, surgeon South-Eastern Railway, and medical health officer, township of Sutton. Has been twice elected master of Sutton Lodge, No. 39, A. F. & A. M. Is at present district deputy grand master A. F. & A. M., for counties of Shefford, and Brome. He is unmarried, and in enjoyment of a large and lucrative practice.

Mason, Thos. G., Toronto, Ontario, was born at Ivybridge, Devonshire, England, and when seven years of age came to Canada with his parents, settling in Toronto. He received his early schooling from J. R. Mair, so well known as a successful teacher, and by whom many of Toronto’s prominent citizens were first introduced to the classics. Mr. Mason’s business career commenced in 1849, when he entered the Globe office as a junior clerk, J. C. Fitch being at the time manager of the office. In those early days the Globe was published only three times per week, Mr. Mason having charge of the mailing department. In 1854 he became assistant book-keeper for the firm of A. & S. Nordheimer, and remained with them seventeen years. It was at the close of this thorough and successful business apprenticeship—namely, in 1871—that Mr. Mason, in association with V. M. Risch, founded the present firm of Mason & Risch, as dealers in and importers of pianofortes and musical instruments, and by the energy displayed and the superior business methods adopted, they gradually established themselves as one of the most successful business firms in Toronto. Being thoroughly conversant with the subtle and difficult science of acoustics which their lengthened experience had given them, and being withal practical men, they directed their attention to the construction and development of the pianoforte, and in 1878 began their manufacture, keeping the central idea steadily in view of building up and winning a reputation for a Canadian pianoforte of the highest standard worthy to rank with those of the most famous makers in Europe or the United States. To this end, and to carry out their high artistic ideas, both members of the firm travelled through the principal manufacturing countries of Europe in search of skilled artisans and the highest grade of materials with which to stock their factory; and unquestionably it is to this foresight and care, coupled with the thorough knowledge of their work, and natural artistic talent, that the excellence of the Mason & Risch pianofortes is attributable. In this connection it cannot be out of place, or other than gratifying to Canadians to refer to the distinguished compliment which the late Dr. Franz Liszt paid the firm in sending them a full-sized portrait of himself, painted by the eminent artist Baron Joukousky. This painting is one of the finest works of art in the Dominion. In 1886 the firm exhibited their pianofortes at the memorable Colonial and Indian Exhibition, which took place in London, England. The preeminence given them there, and the high professional testimony of the highest English musical authorities, placed their pianos in the foremost rank, and of which Canada may well be proud. That year Mr. Mason was honored by being elected a member of the Royal Society of Arts, London, of which His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales is president, and also was made a member of the Musical Association of Great Britain, of which the Rev. Sir Frederick A. Gore Ousley, Bart., M.A., Mus. Doc. Oxon., and Prof. of Music, University, Oxford, is president. This society was formed May, 1874, for the investigation and discussion of subjects connected with the art and science of music, and is one of the most influential musical associations in the world. As a business man, Mr. Mason is both cautious and bold. He seldom acts rashly or from impulse. He weighs every business matter that comes before him with almost judicial calmness, and when any new enterprise commends itself to his approval he acts with decision and throws all his energy into it. It is, therefore, not surprising that success generally crowns his undertakings. In politics Mr. Mason belongs to no party, but judging him by his conversation we are inclined to class him as a Liberal with modified Conservative leanings. Above all things, he is a British Canadian, and zealous for the honor of his adopted country. He believes that Canadians have as much brain power, and as much mental and physical abilities to work out their own destiny as the people of the United States, or in fact any people in the world. The only thing they seem to lack, in his estimation, is national unity, and faith in their own glorious future. Time and circumstances, he thinks, will cure this at no distant day. Mr. Mason belongs to the Methodist church, and in the erection of the Metropolitan Church in this city took a very active part. For many years he has been secretary of the trustee Board, and by his influence as a member of the musical committee of that church, has contributed largely to placing the musical part of the service on its present highly satisfactory state.

Hincks, Sir Francis, was born at Cork, on the 14th of December, 1807. He was a son of Dr. T. D. Hincks, a member of the Irish (Unitarian) Presbyterian Church, a very distinguished scholar and an exceedingly worthy man. Francis, the subject of the present sketch, commenced his education under his father, at Fermoy, and continued it in the classical and mathematical school of the Belfast Institution, then presided over by Dr. James Thompson, afterwards professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow. In the month of November, 1822, he entered the collegiate department of the institution, and attended the logic and belles lettres, and the Greek and Latin classes during the winter session. But, in May, 1823, he expressed a desire to be a merchant, and it was finally arranged that he should be articled for five years to the house of John Martin & Co., previous to which, however, he had three or four months’ initiation into business habits in the office of his father’s friend, Samuel Bruce, a notary public and agent. The period for which he was articled terminated in October, 1828, but he continued with the firm until the beginning of 1830, when he sailed to the West Indies as supercargo of one of Messrs. Martin & Co.’s vessels. He visited Jamaica, Barbadoes, Trinidad and Demerara, but not meeting with an inducement to settle in any of these colonies, he agreed to accompany a Canadian gentleman, whom he met at Barbadoes, to Canada, and proceeded to Montreal and Toronto, his object being to ascertain the nature of Canadian commerce and business. Having gleaned the information he desired, he returned to Belfast in 1831. In the following summer, having determined to settle in Canada, he married the second daughter of Alexander Stewart, a merchant of Belfast, and soon after sailed to New York, and proceeded to Toronto, and took up his abode in a house belonging to Mr. Baldwin. Mr. Hincks soon obtained a high reputation for knowledge of business, and when Wm. Lyon Mackenzie attacked Mr. Merritt and others respecting the Welland canal, and obtained a parliamentary investigation, he was chosen, with another merchant, to examine the accounts. He was also appointed secretary to the Mutual Insurance Company, and cashier to a new banking company. On the appointment of Lord Durham to the government of Canada, Mr. Hincks commenced the Examiner newspaper, in the editorship of which he displayed such remarkable vigour and talent, that he was invited to become a candidate for the representation of the county of Oxford in the first parliament held after the union of the upper and lower provinces. The election was held in March, 1841, when Mr. Hincks was returned by a majority of thirty-one over his opponent, a gentleman named Carroll. Shortly after his election, he was appointed by Sir Charles Bagot inspector-general, and was obliged, in consequence, to vacate his seat and return for re-election. He was opposed by John Armstrong, who abandoned the contest at noon on the third day, Mr. Hincks having a majority of 218. When Lord Metcalfe dissolved the Canadian parliament in 1844, Mr. Hincks was defeated, his opponents being Robert Riddle (a son-in-law of Admiral Vansittart), who was returned by a majority of twenty over Mr. Hincks, and the Hon. Thomas Parke, who did not go to the poll. In 1848, however, he was declared elected by the legislature, by the large majority of three hundred and thirty-five over his old opponent, Mr. Carroll, although the returning-officer had declared Mr. Carroll elected through some legal technicality in Mr. Hincks’ qualification. Having for the second time accepted the office of inspector-general under the administration of his first friend in Canada, Mr. Baldwin, he was re-elected without opposition. Upon the reconstruction of the ministry, consequent on the retirement of Mr. Baldwin, owing to his impaired health, Mr. Hincks was, through the strong expression of public opinion, named prime minister by the governor-general, and until the latter part of 1854, held that post with distinguished honour, and with the confidence and respect of all the good men of every political denomination in Canada. On his return to Canada, from a visit to England, he was elected to represent the south riding of Oxford for the fifth time, by a majority of 64 over his opponent, J. G. Vansittart, a son of Admiral Vansittart, of Woodstock, Ont., and therefore a rather formidable opponent. After the resignation of the Hincks-Dorion administration, in 1854, Mr. Hincks crossed the Atlantic for a long holiday, after the years of turmoil and corroding care which had fallen to him by virtue of his active life, and his prominent place in public affairs. During his absence, through Sir William Molesworth, he was appointed governor of Barbadoes and the Windward Islands. At the close of the term there, he was promoted to the governor-generalship of British Guiana. In 1889, on the recommendation of the Duke of Buckingham, he was created a Knight C. M. G. In 1869 he returned to England, and thence passed over to Canada, where, on the invitation of Sir John A. Macdonald, he entered the ministry as finance minister, in place of Sir John Rose, resigned. He retained his portfolio till 1873, when he resigned, and withdrew from public life. There is no public man living, it can fairly be said, whose whole career has been more creditable to himself and to the country than has been that of Sir Francis Hincks. He died at the age of seventy-eight, in the city of Montreal, on the 18th of August, 1885, deeply regretted by his many friends and admirers. Sir Francis was twice married. His first wife died in 1874, and the following year he married the widow of the late Hon. Justice Sullivan of Toronto, who survived him.

Ellis, Jas. E., of the firm of Jas. E. Ellis & Co., jewellers, Toronto, was born in the city of Liverpool, England, on the 22nd of February, 1842. The firm of which he is now a member was founded in 1836 by the Rossin Brothers, and was purchased from them by his father, Jas. E. Ellis, sen., in 1852 since which time it has been successfully carried on, and is now one of the leading diamond and jewellery houses in Canada, having moved to their present fine and commodious premises in 1881. Our subject was educated at Upper Canada College, which he left in 1857. In 1859 he went to the Red River settlement, where he remained until 1862, hunting and trading with the native population. On his return he became an active member of the firm, and since that time has taken a leading part in the management of its affairs. Being at all times partial to out-door sports, the subject of this sketch became one of the Edrol four-oared crew, in the days when races were races (of four miles), and rowed against all comers. The Edrol Crew defeated the best professional crew on the lakes in those days. This crew became the foundation stone, as it were, of the Toronto Rowing Club, the stroke oar of the Edrols being now Lieutenant-Colonel Otter. Mr. Ellis is a member of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, the Toronto Yacht Club, the National Club, and Granite Rink. Being an enthusiastic yachtsman he is always ready to splice a rope or spin a yarn. He was one of the original members of the Toronto Field Battery, as well as a member of No. 1 company of rifles, which was organized by Captain Brook, and from which the Queen’s Own sprang. He also acted as ensign in No. 1 company 10th Royals in 1864-5. He is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, and a life member of the Athenæum Club, Toronto. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion belongs to the Church of England.